Jason Kenney

The Honourable Jason Kenney PC
Minister of National Defence
In office February 9, 2015 – November 4, 2015
Prime Minister	Stephen Harper
Preceded by	Rob Nicholson
Succeeded by	Harjit Sajjan
Minister of Employment and Social Development
In office July 15, 2013 – February 9, 2015
Prime Minister	Stephen Harper
Preceded by	Diane Finley (Human Resources and Skills Development)
Succeeded by	Pierre Poilievre
Minister for Multiculturalism
In office August 6, 2013 – November 4, 2015
Prime Minister	Stephen Harper
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished
Minister of Citizenship and Immigration
In office October 30, 2008 – July 15, 2013
Prime Minister	Stephen Harper
Preceded by	Diane Finley
Succeeded by	Chris Alexander
Member of the Canadian Parliament for Calgary Midnapore Calgary Southeast (1997-2015)
In office June 2, 1997 – September 23, 2016
Preceded by	Jan Brown
Succeeded by	TBD
Personal details
Born	Jason Thomas Kenney (1968-05-30) May 30, 1968 Oakville, Ontario, Canada
Political party	Saskatchewan Liberal Party (Before 1997) Reform Party (1997–2000) Canadian Alliance (2000–2003) Conservative (2003–present)
Residence	Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Alma mater	University of San Francisco
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Jason Thomas Kenney,^[1] PC (born May 30, 1968) is a Canadian politician. He has represented the riding of Calgary Midnapore in the Canadian House of Commons since 1997 (known as Calgary Southeast from 1997 to 2015). Initially elected as a candidate of the Reform Party of Canada, Kenney was re-elected as a Canadian Alliance candidate in 2000, and has since been re-elected four times as the candidate of the Conservative Party of Canada.

Following the Conservative victory in the 2006 general election, Kenney was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for the Prime Minister of Canada. On January 4, 2007, he was sworn into the Privy Council as the Secretary of State for Multiculturalism and Canadian Identity. Kenney held the post of Minister for Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism from October 30, 2008, to July 15, 2013, when he became Minister of Employment and Social Development and Minister for Multiculturalism. On February 9, 2015, he was named Minister of National Defence. Kenney was considered a potential party leader following the defeat of the Conservative government in October 2015 and resignation of Stephen Harper as leader.^[2] On July 6, 2016, he announced his intention to run for the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta in that party's 2017 leadership election.^[3] Kenney resigned his seat in parliament on September 23, 2016, after sitting in the House of Commons for 19 years.^[4]

Early life and career

Kenney was born in Oakville, Ontario, the son of Lynne (Tunbridge) and Robert Martin Kenney, a fighter pilot and teacher, who was of Irish heritage.^[5][6] He was raised in Wilcox, Saskatchewan. He is the grandson of jazz musician and big band leader Mart Kenney.^[7]

He went to high school in Wilcox, Saskatchewan, at the Athol Murray College of Notre Dame, a private Catholic high school, known for its Notre Dame Hounds Hockey. He then studied philosophy at the University of San Francisco, a Jesuit university in San Francisco, California. He left university without graduating to begin work for the Saskatchewan Liberal Party.^[8] He was "very involved in the young Liberals" as a young man, and in 1988 served as executive assistant to Ralph Goodale, who at the time was leader of the party.^[9] But as a university student, he says he began "studying political theory, classical political theory and started reading much more broadly and realized my values were essentially Conservative."^[9] Not long after, in 1989, Kenney was hired as the first executive director of the Alberta Taxpayers Association, which advocated for fiscal responsibility. In 1990, Kenney was named president and chief executive officer of the Canadian Taxpayers Federation, a national organisation that scrutinises governmental expenditures.

In opposition (1997–2006)

Kenney at the All Candidates Forum at McKenzie Lake Community Centre in Calgary's Southeast, January 14, 2006

Kenney was first elected to the House of Commons in 1997, at the age of 29. He was a member of the Reform Party of Canada. The Reform Party became the Canadian Alliance (2000–2003) and Kenney co-chaired the United Alternative Task Force. He served as the national co-chairman of Stockwell Day's campaign for the leadership of the Canadian Alliance and National Co-Chair of the Canadian Alliance 2000 election campaign. While on the Opposition benches from 1997–2006, Kenney served in a number of prominent roles in the Shadow Cabinet, including Deputy House Leader for the Official Opposition, critic for Canada–United States relations, critic for National Revenue, and critic for Finance.

Kenney supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq and suggested that the Chrétien government's refusal to support the war would damage Canada's relationship with the United States.^[10]

Kenney is a member of Parliament's Canada-Tibet Committee, and has hosted the Dalai Lama.^[11]

In January 2005, during a government trade mission in China, Kenney visited the family of recently deceased Zhao Ziyang, the deposed reformist critical of Maoist policies and supportive of free market reforms in China. Zhao, the former Premier of China and General Secretary of the Communist Party, was purged for sympathizing with pro-democracy protesters before they were crushed by the military at Tiananmen Square in 1989.

Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister (2006–2007)

Kenney, Cardinal Marc Ouellet, and David Lloyd Johnston at the Pontifical Canadian College in Rome in preparation for the inauguration of Pope Francis

On February 6, 2006, he was appointed to be Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper.

In August 2006, Kenney compared the Jordanian-based terrorist organization Hezbollah with the Nazi Party of 1930s Germany when two opposition MPs suggested taking it off Canada's list of terrorist organizations.^[12] He rebuked Prime Minister of Lebanon Fuad Saniora for having criticized Canada, reminding him of the $25 million in reconstructive assistance aid given by Canada to Lebanon.^[13]

Secretary of State for Multiculturalism and Canadian Identity (2007–2008)

On January 4, 2007, he was sworn in as the Secretary of State for Multiculturalism and Canadian Identity, and as a Privy Councillor. In this capacity, Kenney was the Harper government's representative to ethnic communities in Canada. In this role, Kenney made frequent appearances at ethnic community events across the country, hosted by groups as diverse as Koreans, Ahmadiyya Muslims, Chinese, Jews, Assyrians, South Asians, and Poles. The Toronto Star has noted some of the more frequently visited groups in the GTA, which also include the Caribbean community, Persians, Filipinos, and Vietnamese.^[14]

In early 2008 Kenney posted an announcement on his web site announcing that the Government of Canada recognizes the flag of the Republic of Vietnam as the symbol of the Vietnamese-Canadian community. He said "Our government recognises the flag as an important symbol of the Vietnamese-Canadian community's independence, strength, and belief in national unity, and attempts to disparage it are a deeply troubling attack on one of Canada's ethnic communities and on the principles of multiculturalism."^[15] In May 2008 he made a speech at one of their rallies lending strong support to their program.^[16]

In May 2008, Kenney launched the Community Historical Recognition Program (CHRP) which established 13.5 million dollars in funding over five years for commemorative projects for use by ethno-cultural communities such as the Italian, Jewish, Indian, and Chinese communities that had been the targets of disciminatory Canadian immigration and wartime policies.^[17][18] By the project's conclusion in 2013, all the money had been spent except for half a million dollars earmarked for education about the Chinese head tax was left unspent when one Chinese community group failed to file the required paperwork while others underspent; that money was clawed back into government revenue.^[19] Because more than thirty other projects involving the Chinese-Canadian community had been funded through the CHRP, Kenney considered the project a success and declined to release the funding, citing the conclusion of the program.^[19] In 2013, Kenney said in his remarks on the end of the CHRP program that the government was "committed to recognizing and educating Canadians about the experiences of those pioneers who overcame such heavy burdens. Their experiences mark an unfortunate period in our nation’s history. We must ensure that they are never forgotten.”^[20]

Minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism (2008–2013)

Jason Kenney in the 2010 Calgary, Alberta, Stampede Parade

In 2008, Jason Kenney became Minister of Citizenship and Immigration in Prime Minister Stephen Harper's Cabinet shuffle of October 30, retaining responsibility for multiculturalism, which he had been given in 2007.

In April 2009, Kenney officially launched Asian Heritage Month to "better understand the rich diversity the Asian Canadian community brings to Canada."^[21][22] Kenney noted that:

There were 32 Liberal MPs from the GTA, and of the hundreds of ethnocultural events I attended in the past five years going from Scarborough to Mississauga, typically there were no Liberals there ... They treated the ethnic communities like passive vote banks owed to them through the supposed myth of Pierre Trudeau. They mailed it in.^[23]

Kenney, speaking in Jerusalem in December 2009 about Canadian government funding of human rights organizations, said "We have de-funded organizations, most recently, like KAIROS who are taking a leadership role in the boycott [of Israel]. We're receiving a lot of criticism for these decisions ... but we believe we have done these things for the right reasons, and we stand by these decisions." He later added in a letter to the Toronto Star that "While I disagree with the nature of KAIROS's militant stance toward the Jewish homeland, that is not the reason their request for taxpayer funding was denied."^[24]

On June 26, 2010, Kenney announced changes to the Skilled Worker Immigration Program. For their applications to be processed, skilled worker applicants are now required to either have an offer of arranged employment, or be qualified in one of 29 eligible occupations (out of 520 occupations described in the National Occupational Classification (NOC), a standardized framework for organizing information about jobs into a coherent system). A cap of 20,000 applications per year for the skilled workers class was also introduced. As of July 1, 2011, a maximum of 10,000 Federal Skilled Worker applications will be considered for processing in the subsequent 12 months. Within the 10,000 cap, a maximum of 500 federal skilled worker applications per eligible occupation will be considered for processing each year.

Kenney said his reform of the immigration point system fixed problems with the previous immigration system. Also, he made the new system more efficient in accepting migrants who could make the best contributions to the Canadian economy. The Canadian Experience Class Program is aiming to attract more international students who qualify as a graduate in the program; and there are two specific requirements to graduate.^[25] Also, this new program has increased the focus on youth, job skills and most importantly fluent in English or French and at the same time, the immigration department has imposed a new language requirement for Federal skilled workers (FSW) program.^[26] One of the new plans is to reduce the processing times and it shows a significant reduction in the wait time. There were cases that had waited for almost a decade to process, but the processing time has been shortened approximately a year period. "This guarantees no more backlogs" said by Vancouver immigration lawyer, Richard Kurland.^[25] However, Kenney decided to delete the backlog of 280,000 skilled worker applications and a lawsuit was held to go against this movement by those applicants, but the lawsuit failed.^[27]

While Immigration Minister, Kenney asserted that the generosity of the immigration system was not to be abused. "I held town hall meetings across the country to hear from victims of marriage fraud. In addition to the heartbreak and pain that came from being lied to and deceived, these people were angry. They felt they had been used as a way to get to Canada. We are taking action because immigration to Canada should not be built upon deceit." said Minister Kenney^[28] The Protecting Canada's Immigration System Act has been published to protect and fix Canada's immigration system. While Minister, Kenney focused on major issues such as fraud marriage, human smugglers, unfounded refugees, and the billion-dollar bill of health and social benefits claimed from them. It is estimated that the provinces are to save approximately $1.65 billion from their social assistance and education sector over five years with the Balanced Refugee Reform Act.^[29] This would be a few dollars per Canadian per year in tax saved (population of Canada 34 million) Population of Canada by year. Also, a five-year sponsorship bar is published, which means sponsored spouses or partners are to wait five years from the day they received permanent residence status in Canada to sponsor a new spouse or partner. Furthermore, Minister Kenney claimed that these new measures are making an easier law enforcement and stiffer penalties to prosecute human smugglers and a message to human smugglers and they will not be able to abuse Canada’s generosity anymore.

There has been significant criticism of the institution of a Designated Country of Origin (DCO) list which attributes countries as being unlikely to persecute. Therefore, refugee claimants coming from these countries (included are Hungary, Mexico, and Israel) will undergo a different refugee claimant process.^[30] Furthermore, refugee claimants from countries on the DCO no longer receive emergency healthcare coverage.

In 2011, he imposed a ban on niqab face veils for those taking the oath of citizenship.^[31] In his appeal on behalf of Department of Citizenship and Immigration in Citizenship and Immigration v Ishaq, 2015 FCA 194, the three justices ruled in favour of Zunera Ishaq and her right to wear the niqab confirming that the federal requirement was unlawful.^[32][33]

Along with Rona Ambrose, Minister for the Status of Women, Kenney was one of ten cabinet ministers who decided to vote in favour of a motion to study when life begins.^[34]

Investigations into citizenship fraud

On July 19, 2011, Kenney announced that the government intends to revoke the citizenship of 1,800 people it believes obtained their status through fraudulent means. The decision to revoke Canadian citizenship is rare, and a large-scale proposed crackdown had no precedent. Fewer than 70 citizenships have been revoked since the 1946 Citizenship Act.^[35]

An investigation into residence fraud continues to grow and almost 11,000 cases are being reviewed. Recently, Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) has revoked up to 3,100 citizens' citizenship because they have cheated or lied to become a Canadian citizen. "Canadian citizenship is not for sale and we are taking action to strip citizenship and permanent residence status from people who do not play by rules", said by Minister Kenney.^[36] Also, CIC works inseparably with the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and Canadian offices overseas to solve the fraud. "These efforts reinforce our government’s commitment to protecting the integrity of our immigration system," said Canada’s Public Safety Minister Vic Toews. It is believed that about 5,000 people who have Canadian permanent status are outside of Canada and implicated in residence fraud.^[36]

In January 2009, Kenney made public statements critical of U.S. soldiers seeking asylum in Canada who were facing punishment for their refusal to participate in the Iraq war. He said that unlike in the Vietnam era, the current asylum seekers are neither "draft dodgers" nor "resisters", but rather are "people who volunteer to serve in the armed forces of a democratic country and simply change their mind to desert. And that's fine, that's the decision they have made, but they are not refugees." He also said that he considered them to be "bogus refugee claimants".^[37] These remarks have been seen by some supporters of the asylum seekers as being a form of interference in the asylum process.^[38][39] He believed that Kimberley Rivera, an American soldier seeking refuge was not a legitimate refugee. "Military deserters from the United States are not genuine refugees under the internationally accepted meaning of the term," said Alexis Pavlich, the minister's press secretary.^[40]

Admissibility decisions

As part of Kenney's Faster Removal of Foreign Criminals Act, introduced in June 2012, the Minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism would have the ability to deny entry to Canada based on "public police considerations. He was quoted in The Globe and Mail saying that present immigration laws do not allow someone to be kept out if they are seeking to promote violence. The previous year, both the official opposition New Democratic Party (NDP) and Quebec's National Assembly had asked Kenney to exercise negative discretion but no such ability existed under Canadian law.^[41] During debate in the House of Commons, the NDP criticized this component of the bill, arguing it gives too much power to the minister.^[42]

Earlier, in March 2009, the Canada Border Services Agency prevented British politician George Galloway from entering Canada, where he had planned to give a series of speeches against the war in Afghanistan.^[43] The Immigration Minister's Office stated that the Canada Border Services Agency deemed Galloway as inadmissible to Canada due to national security concerns. Galloway had openly given what he called "financial support" to Hamas, classified as a terrorist group in Canada.^[44][45]

Galloway pursued the matter in the Canadian court system, where it was revealed that Kenney's office had emailed the CBSA on the matter. The Federal Court found that Kenney's office had used "a flawed and overreaching interpretation of the standards under Canadian law for labeling someone as engaging in terrorism or being a member of a terrorist organization." The presiding judge also determined that the Canada Border Services Agency had produced its assessment of Galloway on scant evidence after receiving instructions from Kenney's staff,^[46] who attempted to bar Galloway because "they disagreed with his political views".^[47]

The Globe and Mail later pointed out that while Kenney was quick to refuse Galloway entry into Canada, his department gave entry to controversial politician Geert Wilders, who has compared Islam to Fascism and campaigned to ban the Quran from the Netherlands^[48] Wilders spoke in Toronto and Ottawa, generating further controversy.^[49]

Citizenship policy changes

Jason Kenney's speech at Black April demonstration

A new law amending the Citizenship Act came into effect on April 17, 2009. One of the changes instituted by the Government of Canada is the "first generation limitation", considered a punitive measure by some against naturalized citizens who reside abroad for lengthy periods of time. Minister Kenney said the following in the House of Commons of Canada on June 10, 2010: "That's why we must protect the values of Canadian citizenship and must take steps against those who would cheapen it ... We will strengthen the new limitation on the ability to acquire citizenship for the second generation born abroad."^[50] The new rules would not confer a Canadian citizenship on children born outside of Canada to parents who were also born outside of Canada. Thus for children to obtain Canadian citizenship if born abroad, they would have to have one parent who was born in Canada. Another effect of this law was to abolish automatic Citizenship by birth for the children of parents in Canada in the service of a foreign government. Children born to foreign diplomats in Canada would only become Canadian if at least one parent was either a Canadian citizen or a Permanent Resident.^[51]

In 2010 Kenney introduced Discover Canada, a new citizenship guide for prospective citizens. The Canadian Press reported that Kenney blocked information about same-sex marriage from the Citizenship and Immigration study guide for immigrants applying for citizenship,^[52] although a sentence was included in a 2011 revision.^[53] The revised edition also added information about arts and culture, the War of 1812, and an admonition against importing "violent, extreme or hateful prejudices" to Canada.^[54]

Kenney has taken steps to restore full citizenship status to the "Lost Canadians", Canadian nationals who had "fallen through the cracks".^[55] Bill C-37 corrected the citizenship issues for 95% of "Lost Canadians" and special grants were to have been made to resolve the remaining 5%. Kenney says the Lost Canadians group should not be politicizing their plight but they should be making a "solid application and a strong case.^[56] Kenney's predecessor, Diane Finley, had authorized a special grant of citizenship to Guy Valliere, although he died prior to receiving citizenship.

Refugee reform

Jason Kenney and Senator Thanh Hai Ngo with Members of Committee To Support Victims of Communism

On March 29, 2010, Kenney announced an overhaul of the Canadian refugee system. The reform package also committed to allowing the resettlement of 2,500 more refugees living in UN refugee camps and urban slums.^[57] The plan also included expansion of the Government-Assisted Refugees Program to 500 places while a further 2,000 resettlement places were added to the Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program.^[57] In total, the new plan would lead to the resettlement of 14,500 UN-selected refugees from refugee camps and urban slums to Canada.^[57]

"Protecting Canada's Immigration System Act", or Bill C-31, "An Act to amend the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act and other acts", was introduced on February 16, 2012, and received Royal Assent on June 28, 2012. It has been broadly criticized as it "gives Ministers broad, unfettered and unprecedented powers" among other new powers. It was sponsored by Kenney.

There has been significant controversy around changes to the social assistance program for refugee claimants (Interim Federal Health).^[58] Physicians and allied health professionals have opposed these cuts through national protests in all major cities in Canada.^[59] Physicians opposing the cuts to refugee health care include Vincent Lam who stated that Canada is a country known for its tolerance and diversity, but we [healthcare professionals] are "dismayed and ashamed at the cuts for healthcare for refugees" ^[60]

Afghan interpreters who served alongside Canadian troops in southern Afghanistan and who applied for Canadian visas on the basis of facing threats from insurgents were denied visas. Kenney backed this decision.^[61]

Kenney promised that Canada would resettle more refugees from 2011–2012 than in previous years. Instead, there was a 26% drop in refugee resettlement in Canada during that period, hitting a 30-year low. Loly Rico, president of the Canadian Council for Refugees, criticized Kenny for not following through on his promise.^[62]

Marriage fraud

Responding to feedback in townhalls and public consultations, Kenney took steps in 2012^[63] to fight against marriage fraud. Many cases had arisen in which Canadians had been taken advantage of by would-be spouses simply to facilitate their entry into Canada. These Canadian victims' trust in their supposed husband or wife was violated for fraudulent immigration purposes. Once status was acquired in Canada the prospective spouse would leave the Canadian spouse who had sponsored him in, revealing their marriage to have been a lie. Kenney instituted a five-year bar or prohibition on spousal sponsorship for those who had already been sponsored by a spouse into Canada. ^[64]

Kenney also implemented a conditional permanent residency status to ensure that a spouse or partner had to live as husband and wife for a minimum of two years with their Canadian sponsor-spouse, or else they would have their status revoked. The anti-fraud measures were designed to protect Canadian victims as well as crack down on those who collaborated with fraudulent sponsored spouses for monetary gain.^[65]

Sun News citizenship ceremony

During the fall of 2011 Jason Kenney's office had Department of Immigration officials organize a citizenship ceremony for Sun News Network. Later it became known that some of the participants were ministerial staff reaffirming citizenship, rather than new Canadian citizens. Jason Kenney's office and Sun News Media initially claimed to have no knowledge of this incident and blamed well-meaning civil servants. Internal correspondence revealed through access to information laws later revealed that both Sun News and Jason Kenney's staff in fact made the decision to proceed with ministerial staff in the ceremony.^[66][67][68]

Office of Religious Freedom

Following up on a Conservative campaign promise from the 2011 Canadian general election, Kenney initiated the creation of the Office of Religious Freedom, an agency of Foreign Affairs Canada, to monitor religious oppression domestically and promote religious freedom internationally.^[69] Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair endorsed the office in a visit to Canada in 2013, saying, "I think it shows leadership from Canada. And Canada, by the way, in many ways is a perfect place from which to promote this ideal because of the complexion of the country."^[70] The Liberal government which formed after the 2015 Canadian general election closed the office in 2016.^[71]

Minister of Employment and Social Development (2013–2015)

As part of the July 2013 cabinet shuffle, Kenney was named Minister of Employment and Social Development, a post he held simultaneously with his role as Minister of National Defence. While Minister of Employment, Kenney focused on expediting the review process for Canada Pension Plan and Old Age Security disability appeals, which had become backlogged under the previous tribunal process.^[72]

Kenney reached an agreement with provincial and territorial counterparts—except Quebec—to implement the Canada Job Grant, which aims to train unemployed workers who do not qualify for employment insurance, over the next four years in January 2014.^[73] The final agreement provided more flexibility for the provinces and territories than in the initial proposal in 2013, which had been rejected by all Kenney's counterparts for its "take it or leave it" nature – potentially forcing the provincial and territories to forgo $300 million of the $500 million in federal funding provided to them by Labour Market Agreements if they did not accept the plan.^[73] Two and a half million dollars were spent on ads for the program during expensive Stanley Cup playoffs television spots in 2013 and 2014, even before the details of the federal-provincial agreeemnts were finalized or approved, which prompted Advertising Standards Canada to label them as "misleading".^[74][75]

Minister of Defence (2015)

Canadian Minister of National Defense Jason Kenney meets U.S. Secretary of Defense Ash Carter at NATO Headquarters in Brussels, Belgium

In February 2015, Kenney was promoted to Minister of Defence after a cabinet shuffle in which Foreign Minister John Baird left federal politics, and former Defence Minister Rob Nicholson became Foreign Minister.^[76] While Minister of Defense, Kenney took a hard-line approach to security, saying it was necessary for Canada to fight against Islamic State militants to prevent them from becoming a threat to Canada.^[77]

In mid-March 2015, Kenney claimed that Russian warships had confronted ships of the Royal Canadian Navy and that Russian fighters had buzzed the HMCS Fredericton at low altitude while it participated in a NATO maritime task force off the coast of Ukraine as part of a mission against Russian intervention in the country.^[78] NATO officials later stated that Russian ships could be seen on the horizon, but never approached the NATO fleet and that all flyovers of the fleet by Russian planes had been at high altitudes.^[78]

In late March 2015, Kenney defended the Canadian airstrike campaign against ISIS being extended into Syria by claiming that it was necessary because among the coalition air forces, only the Canadians and Americans had planes capable of using precision guided munitions, when in fact, Arab allies such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates had won praise from General Martin Dempsey, the Chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff for their use of precision guided munitions.^[79] General Tom Lawson, then Chief of Canada's Defence Staff, issued a statement defending Kenney's statement, but later retracted it and apologized, saying that its contents were incorrect.^[80] Sources within the Department of Defence say that Lawson had been pressured into releasing the inaccurate statement by Kenney's office.^[80]

Also in March 2015, Kenney faced criticism for tweeting a photo purporting to be of ISIS slaves which actually depicted a Shia Ashura procession.^[81]

In April 2015, Kenney announced that troops from the Canadian Armed Forces would be sent to Ukraine as trainers for Ukrainian forces as part of Operation UNIFIER. The soldiers, who arrived in September 2015, were from 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (2 CMBG) and were stationed in at the Ukrainian Armed Forces International Security and Peacekeeping Centre near the Polish-Ukrainian border at Yavoriv.^[82]

In May 2015, after a report was published on sexual misconduct in the Canadian Forces, Kenney promised that an independent centre at arms length from the military would be formed to hear complaints of sexual misconduct in the military and provide support and resources for victims.^[83]

Role in the Conservative Party

Kenney was widely recognized for his central role in the Conservative Party's successful 2011 election campaign, reaching out to ethnic minority voters, and the Conservative parliamentary majority that resulted.^[84] He has acknowledged publicly that his ongoing strategy of promoting conservative values and policies in government so as to capture the support of ethnic communities has been in the works since years prior to Stephen Harper first winning government in 2006.^[18] Kenney has also suggested that Stephen Harper was one of the first people he consulted with on the ethnic outreach strategy when the latter was still an opposition Canadian Alliance MP.^[85]

Kenney's ethnic outreach strategy was also evident when in early 2011, a letter using government stationery was sent to Conservative riding associations seeking assistance in raising $200,000 funding for an ad campaign aimed at bolstering support among ethnic communities in ridings that the Conservatives are targeting in the next election.^[86] News of this broke when a copy was believed to have been mistakenly sent to the office of opposition MP Linda Duncan instead of that of fellow Conservative MP John Duncan (no relation). This led to criticism over the letter's labelling of certain groups and ridings as 'ethnic' or 'very ethnic'.^[87] Kenney publicly apologized for the mailing error, citing a staffer's inexperience as the explanation.

As Immigration minister, Kenney has been largely credited with building bridges attracting ethnic communities to the Conservative Party, which was long dominated by the Liberal Party. In addition, he also handled the apology and financial compensation for the Chinese head tax and the official recognition of the Armenian and Ukrainian genocides. According to an observer, "He acts as a conductor to correct historical wrongs, It might not seem important to the majority of the population, but for the concerned communities, it’s huge." ^[18][88] According to the The Globe and Mail, the Chinese-Canadian community nicknamed Kenney the "Smiling Buddha" in reference to his efforts to garner ethnic votes on the basis of what some perceive as commonly held conservative values.^[89] The Toronto Star characterized him as having a "Bieber-like” following in many communities.^[90] Kenney justified his efforts to gain ethnic support by stating:

You observe how these new Canadians live their lives. They are the personification of Margaret Thatcher's aspirational class. They're all about a massive work ethic.^[89]

Return to opposition and provincial leadership candidacy

Following the Conservative government's defeat in the 2015 Canadian general election, Kenney was named to the Special Committee on Electoral Reform. Kenney was long been considered a likely candidate to succeed Stephen Harper as leader of the Conservative Party of Canada and had been mentioned as a prospective candidate and presumed frontrunner in the next leadership election to be held in 2017,^[91][92] His name was also been mentioned as a prospective leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Alberta, which also has a leadership election pending, who could potentially unite the rival Progressive Conservative and Wildrose parties.^[93][94][95] On July 6, 2016, Kenney announced that he will be seeking the leadership of the Alberta PC Party, citing his desire to unite the Progressive Conservative and Wildrose parties.^[96] On July 7, 2016, Kenney announced that he would resign his seat in the House of Commons within three months once the leadership campaign period officially opened, which was severely criticized by his former employer the Canadian Taxpayers Federation for misuing taxpayer dollars.^[97] He officially resigned September 23.^[98][4]

Policy Positions

Kenney has been an unabashed social conservative in his political career, fighting against abortion and receiving endorsement from the Campaign Life Coaltion,^[99] and voted against same-sex marriage as a MP, saying "A majority of Canadians support the provision of benefits on grounds such as domestic partnership relationships, which are grounded on unions of economic dependency rather than relationships of a mere conjugal nature, and yet still two-thirds of Canadians, from every culture that exists in this country, from every corner of the globe who have come to this country to build a future for themselves and their families, recognize that marriage is, as the Supreme Court said the last time it spoke to this issue in the Egan case in 1995, “by nature a heterosexual institution”."^[100]

Awards and recognition

Kenney has been named one of Canada's "100 Leaders of the Future" by Maclean's magazine; "one of Canada's leading conservative activists" by the Globe and Mail; and "one of 21 Canadians to watch in the 21st century" by the Financial Post magazine.

On May 13, 2009, Maclean's magazine, in association with the Dominion Institute, L'actualité and presenting sponsor Enbridge presented Kenney with the award for "Best Overall MP."^[101]

Maclean's magazine named Kenney the "hardest working" MP of 2011, citing overwhelming support from all political parties who recognized Kenney's constant "20-hour work days" and "permanent 5 o'clock shadow".^[102]

In 2014, Kenney received the UN Watch Moral Courage Award for speaking out for those who had been victimized by international tyranny.^[103] At the ceremony in Geneva, representatives of the 14th Dalai Lama presented Kenney with a traditional Tibetan scarf.^[103] Also in 2014, Kenney was awarded the inaugural Benjamin Disraeli Prize by Policy Exchange, a centre-right UK think tank, in recognition of the successful outreach to Canada’s ethnic and cultural communities.^[104] The award was presented by British Conservative cabinet minister Michael Gove.^[104]

In August 2016 President Petro Poroshenko of Ukraine awarded Jason Kenney with Order of Merit, Third Class.^[105]

Electoral record

References

External links

• Official website
• Profile at Parliament of Canada
• Jason Kenney – Parliament of Canada biography
• Speeches, votes and activity at OpenParliament.ca

Current Members of the House of Commons of Canada
Presiding Officer: Speaker Geoff Regan (LIB)
Government	Liberal Party Trudeau Aldag Alghabra Alleslev Amos Anandasangaree Arseneault Arya Ayoub Badawey Bagnell Bains Baylis Beech Bibeau Bittle Bennett Blair Boissonnault Bossio Bratina Breton Brison Caesar-Chavannes Carr B. Casey S. Casey Chagger Champagne Chan Chen Cormier Cuzner Dabrusin Damoff DeCourcey Dhaliwal Dhillon Di Iorio Dion Drouin Dubourg Duclos Duguid K. Duncan Dzerowicz Easter Ehsassi Ellis El-Khoury Erskine-Smith Eyking Eyolfson Fergus Fillmore Finnigan Fisher Fonseca Foote Fragiskatos C. Fraser S. Fraser Freeland Fry Fuhr Garneau Gerretsen Goldsmith-Jones Goodale Gould Graham Grewal Hajdu Hardie Harvey Hehr Holland Housefather Hussen Hutchings Iacono Joly Jones Jordan Jowhari Kang Khalid Khera Lametti Lamoureux Lapointe S. Lauzon LeBlanc Lebouthillier Lefebvre Lemieux Leslie Levitt Lightbound Lockhart Long Longfield Ludwig MacAulay MacKinnon Maloney R. Massé B. May McCallum McCrimmon McDonald McGuinty McKay McKenna McKinnon M. McLeod Mendès Mendicino Mihychuk M. Miller Monsef Morrissey Morneau Murray Nassif Nault O'Connell O'Regan Oliphant Oliver Ouellette Paradis Peschisolido Peterson Petitpas Taylor Philpott Picard Poissant Qualtrough Ratansi Regan Rioux Robillard Rodríguez Romanado Rota Rudd Ruimy Rusnak Sahota Saini Sajjan Samson Sangha Sarai Scarpaleggia Schiefke Schulte Serré Sgro Shanahan Sheehan J. Sidhu S. Sidhu Sikand Simms Sohi Sorbara Spengemann Tabbara Tan Tassi Vandal Vandenbeld Vaughan Virani Whalen Wilkinson Wilson-Raybould Wrzesnewskyj Young Zahid
Official Opposition	Conservative Party Ambrose Aboultaif Albas Albrecht Allison Anderson Arnold Barlow Bergen Bernier Berthold Bezan S. Blaney Block Boucher Brassard Brown Calkins Carrie Chong Clarke Clement Cooper Deltell Diotte Doherty Dreeshen Eglinski Falk Fast Finley Gallant Généreux Genuis Gladu Godin Gourde Harder Hoback Jeneroux Kelly Kenney Kent Kitchen Kmiec Lake G. Lauzon Lebel Leitch Liepert Lobb Lukiwski MacKenzie Maguire McCauley McColeman C. McLeod L. Miller Motz Nater Nicholson Nuttall Obhrai O'Toole Paul-Hus Poilievre Raitt Rayes Reid Rempel Richards Ritz Saroya Scheer Schmale Shields Shipley Sorenson Sopuck Stanton Strahl Stubbs Sweet Tilson Trost Van Kesteren Van Loan Vecchio Viersen Wagantall Warawa Warkentin Watts Waugh Webber Wong Yurdiga Zimmer
Third party	New Democratic Party Mulcair Angus Ashton Aubin Benson Blaikie R. Blaney Boulerice Boutin-Sweet Brosseau Cannings Caron Choquette Christopherson Cullen Davies Donnelly Dubé L. Duncan Dusseault Duvall Garrison Hardcastle Hughes Johns Jolibois Julian Kwan Laverdière MacGregor Malcolmson B. Masse Mathyssen Moore Nantel Quach Ramsey Rankin Saganash Sansoucy Stetski Stewart Trudel Weir
Independents	Bloc Québécois Fortin Beaulieu Barsalou-Duval Boudrias Gill Marcil Pauzé Plamondon Ste-Marie Thériault Green Party E. May Independent Tootoo
42nd Canadian Parliament Vacancies: 3

Ministers of Defence
Ministers of Militia and Defence (1867–1923)	Cartier Langevin (acting) McDonald Ross Vail Jones Masson Campbell Caron Bowell Patterson Dickey Bowell Desjardins Tisdale Borden Hughes Kemp Mewburn Calder (acting) Guthrie G. Graham
Ministers of National Defence (1923–)	G. Graham E. Macdonald Guthrie Robb (acting) Ralston Sutherland Stirling Mackenzie Rogers Power (acting) Ralston McNaughton Abbott Claxton Campney Pearkes Harkness Churchill Hellyer Cadieux Drury (acting) D. Macdonald Benson Dubé (acting) Drury (acting) Richardson Danson McKinnon Lamontagne Blais Coates Clark (acting) Nielsen Beatty McKnight Masse Campbell Siddon Collenette Young Eggleton McCallum Pratt B. Graham O'Connor MacKay Nicholson Kenney Sajjan
Associate Ministers of National Defence (1953–2013, 2015–)	Power Campney Hellyer Sévigny Cardin Cadieux Andre Dick Collins Guarnieri Bélanger Fantino Valcourt Findlay Fantino Hehr
Ministers of the Naval Service (1910–22)	Brodeur Lemieux Hazen Ballantyne G. Graham
World War I	Ministers of the Overseas Military Forces (1916–20) Perley Kemp
World War II	Ministers of National Defence for Air (1940–46) Power Macdonald (acting) Gibson Ministers of National Defence for Naval Services (1940–46) Macdonald Abbott Ministers of National War Services (1940–48) Gardiner Thorson Laflèche McCann

Ministers of Labour
Ministers of Labour (1900–96)	Mulock Aylesworth Lemieux1 W. L. M. King Crothers Robertson Murdock J. H. King (acting) Elliott Manion (acting) Jones Heenan Robertson Gordon Rogers McLarty Mitchell Martin (acting) Gregg Starr MacEachen Nicholson Pépin Mackasey O'Connell Munro Ouellet (acting) O'Connell Alexander Regan Caccia Ouellet McKnight Cadieux Corbeil Danis Valcourt Axworthy Robillard
Ministers of Human Resources Development (1996–2005)2	Young Pettigrew Stewart Frulla Dryden
Ministers of Human Resources and Skills Development (2005–13)	Stronach Finley Solberg Finley
Ministers of Employment and Social Development (2013–15)	Kenney Poilievre
Minister of Families, Children and Social Development (2015–present)	Duclos
Ministers of Labour (1996–2015)	Robillard Gagliano MacAulay Bradshaw Fontana3 Blackburn Ambrose Raitt Leitch
Minister of Employment, Workforce and Labour (2015–present)	Mihychuk
1Until 1909, the office of the minister of Labour was a secondary function of the Postmaster-General of Canada. W. L. M. King was the first to hold the office independently. 2The office of Minister of Employment and Immigration, and Minister of Labour were abolished and the office of Minister of Human Resources Development went in force on July 12, 1996. Under the new provisions, a Minister of Labour may be appointed. However, when no Minister of Labour is appointed, the Minister of Human Resources Development shall exercise the powers and perform the duties and functions of the Minister of Labour. 3Styled "Minister of Labour and Housing".

Ministers of Citizenship and Immigration
Ministers of Citizenship and Immigration (1950–66)1	Harris Pickersgill Fulton (acting) Fairclough Bell Favreau Tremblay Nicholson Marchand
Ministers of Citizenship and Immigration (1994–2015)	Marchi Robillard Caplan Coderre Sgro Volpe Solberg Finley Kenney Alexander
Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship (2015–)	McCallum
1The office of Minister of Citizenship and Immigration was abolished and the office of Minister of Manpower and Immigration was proclaimed in force October 1, 1966.