John Musker

John Musker
Musker at the 2016 Annecy International Animated Film Festival
Born	(1953-11-08) November 8, 1953 Chicago, Illinois
Alma mater	Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences[1] California Institute of the Arts
Occupation	Animator, film director, producer, screenwriter
Employer	Walt Disney Animation Studios
Signature

John Musker (born November 8, 1953) is an American animation director. Along with Ron Clements, he makes up the duo of one of the Disney animation studio's leading director teams.

Life and career

Musker was born in Chicago, Illinois, the second^[2][3] oldest of eight children in an Irish Catholic family. His father Robert J. Musker, who worked for over 40 years at Illinois Bell Telephone, died in 2008 at the age of 84,^[3] and his mother, Joan T. Musker (née Lally), died in 2011 at the age of 81.^[2]

He attended Loyola Academy in Illinois and then graduated from Northwestern University, where he majored in English and drew cartoons for the Daily Northwestern.^[4] Musker met Ron Clements during the production of The Fox and the Hound in 1981, where he worked as a character animator under Clements and Cliff Nordberg. Musker teamed up with Clements as story artists on The Black Cauldron before they were removed from the project.^[5]

Following the green-lighting of Clements's pitch for an adaptation of the children's book series Basil of Baker Street by Eve Titus into an animated feature, Musker and fellow story artist Burny Mattinson were assigned as the original directors while Dave Michener was brought in as an additional director. Due to a shortened production schedule and multiple story rewrites, Roy E. Disney assigned Mattinson to serve as director/producer while Ron Clements was brought in as another director.^[6]

Howard Ashman was instrumental during production of The Little Mermaid.

While working on The Great Mouse Detective, newly appointed Disney CEO and chairman Michael Eisner and Jeffrey Katzenberg issued invitations to the animation staff for their first held "gong show" session. Demanding only five new ideas, Clements pitched an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid and a high-concept idea of Treasure Island in Space, which were both rejected by Katzenberg and Eisner. The next morning, Katzenberg approached Clements and asked him to expand his initial treatment.^[7]

With Mermaid in production in 1986, Musker joined Clements in expanding the original treatment into a twenty-page rough script, eliminating the role of the mermaid's grandmother and expanding the roles of the Merman King and the sea witch,^[8] and were later joined by Off-Broadway musical composers Howard Ashman and Alan Menken who collaborated on the song and musical score.^[9] Released in November 1989, The Little Mermaid was praised as a milestone in rebirth of Disney animation by film critics and collected a domestic gross of $84 million,^[10] cumulatively receiving $184.2 million worldwide.^[11]

When work on Mermaid was wrapped, Clements and Musker re-developed their idea for Treasure Planet,^[12] but the studio still expressed disinterest. Instead, the two directors were offered three projects in development: Swan Lake, King of the Jungle, and Aladdin.^[13]

The directors eventually choice the latter desiring a wacky, faster-paced, and more contemporary mood separate from the previous Disney animated films.^[14]

Following the shutdown of Disney's traditional animation unit in 2003, John Lasseter selected Musker and Clements to work on The Princess and the Frog.

Working from Ashman and Menken's treatment and musical score, the two delivered a story reel to Katzenberg in April 1991, which was strongly disapproved of.^[14] Jettisoning multiple characters and story ideas and the inclusion of Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio as co-screenwriters, the production team restructured the entire story in eight days.^[15] Released in November 1992, Aladdin received positive reviews from film critics, and became the first animated film to gross over $200 million in domestic grosses.^[16]

Following work on Aladdin, Clements, along with Musker, resumed their work on Treasure Planet, which was again turned down by Katzenberg in 1993 who disapproved the adaptation of a classic adventure tale and setting it in outer space.^[17] A deal was struck with the two directors to create another commercial film before he would approve Treasure Planet. Rejecting projects in development such as Don Quixote, The Odyssey, and Around the World in Eighty Days, they were later informed of animator Joe Haidar's pitch for a Hercules feature, and signed onto the project.^[18]

During production on Hercules, in 1995, Clements and Musker signed a seven-year contract deal with the studio which stipulated following Hercules, the studio would produce Treasure Planet or another project of their choosing.^[17]

With Treasure Planet completed in 2002, Clements and Musker later inherited Fraidy Cat, which was originally a project developed by Dutch animation director Piet Kroon.^[19] Fraidy Cat, however, never saw its light of day, as David Stainton, then-president of Walt Disney Feature Animation, refused to green-light the project.^[20] It was soon followed with Clements and Musker's resignation from Walt Disney Feature Animation in September 2005.^[21]

When John Lasseter was appointed chief creative officer over Walt Disney Feature Animation in February 2006, he invited Clements and Musker back to Disney to oversee production on The Frog Princess,^[22] and were officially confirmed as directors in the following July.^[23] Later re-titled The Princess and the Frog, the film received positive reviews and grossed $267 million worldwide.^[24]

After directing The Princess and the Frog, Clements and Musker started working on an adaptation of Terry Pratchett's Mort,^[25] but obtaining the film rights prevented them from continuing with the project.^[26] To avoid similar problems, they pitched three new ideas, where by 2011, the two directors started developing the film based on an original idea.^[26] In late 2012, the duo announced that they will be directing a new film in the future, but they have their lips sealed for the title, the plot, and the animation style.

In July 2013, it was revealed that the film, titled Moana, would be "a Polynesian tale involving the island folk and the idols made famous the world over".^[27] On November 10, 2014, Disney confirmed Moana would be released on November 23, 2016.^[28]

Personal life

Musker is married to Gale.^[29] They have twins sons, Jackson and Patrick, and daughter, Julia.^[29]

Films directed by John Musker and Ron Clements

Collaborations

John Musker and Ron Clements have cast certain actors in more than one of their films.

	The Great Mouse Detective	The Little Mermaid	Aladdin	Hercules	Treasure Planet	The Princess and the Frog
Corey Burton			N	N	N	N
Jim Cummings			N	N		N
Keith David				N		N
Paddi Edwards		N		N
Frank Welker	N	N	N	N		N

References

Bibliography

• Hulett, Steve (December 4, 2014). Mouse In Transition: An Insider's Look at Disney Feature Animation. Theme Park Press. ISBN 978-1941500248. 
• Stewart, James (2005). DisneyWar. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-684-80993-1. 
• Thomas, Bob (March 7, 1997). Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse To Hercules. Disney Editions. ISBN 978-0786862412. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Musker.

• John Musker at the Internet Movie Database