Joseph Thomas Cunningham

Joseph Thomas Cunningham (1859–1935) was a British marine biologist and zoologist known for his experiments on flatfish and his writings on neo-Lamarckism.[1]

He worked at the London Hospital Medical College. He completed his science scholarship at Balliol College, Oxford.[2] Cunningham was a neo-Lamarckian. In his book Hormones and Heredity (1921) he proposed that the mechanism for the inheritance of acquired characteristics were hormones. He termed this "chemical Lamarckism".[3]

According to science historian Peter J. Bowler the idea held by Cunningham that hormones transferred from one generation to the next independent of the germ plasm was seen at the time by neo-Lamarckians as a plausible hypothesis, however "its advocates were unable to get beyond the stage of providing indirect evidence for the effect they postulated."[4]

Cunningham challenged the concept of sexual selection.[5] His book Sexual Dimorphism in the Animal Kingdom (1900) attempted to explain secondary sexual characters by Lamarckian principles. The chemist Raphael Meldola noted in a review for Nature that "although many of us may arrive at the conclusion that Mr. Cunningham has not succeeded in establishing his case, it will be generally admitted that he has discussed the problem, on the whole, in a more or less scientific spirit."[6]

He translated Theodor Eimer's Die Enstehung der Arten (1888) into English.

Publications

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Joseph Thomas Cunningham

References

  1. ↑ Bidder, G. P. (1935). "Joseph Thomas Cunningham. (1859-1935)". J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer. 10 (3): 245–248. doi:10.1093/icesjms/10.3.245.
  2. ↑ J. T. Cunningham, M.A. Late Lecturer In Biology, London Hospital Medical College. The British Medical Journal. Vol. 2, No. 3887 (Jul. 6, 1935), p. 42.
  3. ↑ Reid, R. G. B. (2004). Epigenetics and Environment. In Brian Keith Hall, Roy Douglas Pearson, Gerd B. Müller. In Environment, Development, and Evolution: Toward a Synthesis. MIT Press. p. 19. ISBN 0-262-08319-1
  4. ↑ Bowler, Peter J. (1983). The Eclipse of Darwinism: Anti-Darwinian Evolutionary Theories in the Decades Around 1900. p. 102. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0801843914.
  5. ↑ Bartley, Mary Margaret. (1994). A Century of Debate: The History of Sexual Selection Theory (1871-1971). Cornell University. p. 49
  6. ↑ Meldola, Raphael. (1900). Sexual Dimorphism in the Animal Kingdom: A Theory of the Evolution of Secondary Sexual Characters. Nature 63: 197-202.
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