Jund al-Khilafah

Soldiers of the Caliphate in the Land of Algeria
جند الخلافة في أرض الجزائر Participant in the War on Terror, and the Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
Active	14 September 2014[1][2][3] – Present
Ideology	Salafism
Leaders	Gouri Abdelmalek †[1][4]
Area of operations	Algeria
Strength	Fewer than 30 (Dec. 2014)[5]
Part of	Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Originated as	al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb faction
Opponents	Algeria

Jund al-Khalifah fi Ard al-Jazayer (Arabic: جند الخلافة في أرض الجزائر‎‎, meaning Soldiers of the Caliphate in Algeria or Caliphate Soldiers of Algeria)^[6] is an Algerian militant group.

After kidnapping a 55-year-old French mountaineering guide, Hervé Gourdel, Jund stated in a video on 22 September 2014, that the kidnapping was a fulfilling of an order of ISIL spokesman al-'Adnani to attack citizens of countries fighting with the U.S. against ISIL.^[7]

On 24 September 2014, Jund al-Khilafah claimed to have beheaded Hervé Gourdel.^[7][8][9]

It listed as a terror group by the UK.^[10]

History

Under al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb

Jund al-Khilafah was previously a faction of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, the Al Qaeda affiliate in North and West Africa.^[11] AQIM grew out of Algerian Islamist groups that had fought in the 1990s Civil War.^[11] Abdelmalek Gouri (who would later lead Jund al-Khilafah) was formerly the "right-hand man" of Abdelmalek Droukdel, who was the leader of AQIM. Gouri was also part of an AQIM cell responsible for suicide attacks on the government's headquarters and the UN compound in Algiers in 2007. He was also behind an attack in Iboudrarene in April 2014 that left 11 Algerian soldiers dead.^[11]

As Jund al-Khilafah

On 14 September 2014, the leader of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) in the central region, Khaled Abu Suleiman (nom de guerre of Abdelmalek Gouri), announced in a communique he was breaking allegiance with al-Qaeda and took an oath of allegiance to the leader of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. He was reportedly joined by an AQIM commander of an eastern region of Algeria. He claimed that other members of AQIM had "deviated from the right path" and declared to al-Baghdadi "You have in the Islamic Maghreb men who will obey your orders."^[12]

In December 2014, Gouri was killed by Algerian security forces.^[4] In May 2015, over 20 members of the group, including commanders, were killed in a military raid.^[13][14] The group was devastated by the raids, and turned its focus to propaganda while attempting to rebuild. Although it advertised the pledges of allegiance of several AQIM splinter factions during 2015, none of the groups involved are believed to be large, and the group did not claim responsibility for any attacks in the year following the kidnapping and killing of Gourdel.^[14]

Timeline

• April 2014: Jund al-Khilafah ambushes Algerian army convoy in Iboudrarene, killing 11 Algerian soldiers and wounding 5.
• 14 September 2014: Jund al-Khilafah leader Khaled Abu-Suleiman announces the group's split from al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, and pledges allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
• 21 September 2014: Hervé Gourdel is abducted by Jund al-Khilafah in the Djurdjura National Park in Algeria.
• 22 September 2014: Jund al-Khilafah releases a video showing Hervé Gourdel being held captive. The group stated that the kidnapping was in response to France conducting Airstrikes against "Islamic State" and threatened to behead him if France continued to carry out airstrikes against ISIL.
• 24 September 2014: The group releases a video purporting to show the beheading of Hervé Gourdel. The militants shown stated that the beheading was in response to the order of ISIL spokesman Abu Mohammed al-Adnani, in which he called on followers to attack citizens of member nations of the anti-ISIL coalition.
• October 2014: One of the Jund al-Khilafah militants responsible for the beheading of Hervé Gourdel was killed in an Algerian military operation in October.^[15]
• 11 December 2014: The Algerian justice ministry states that Algerian soldiers had killed two Jund al-Khilafah members believed to have been involved in the murder of Hervé Gourdel.^[11]
• 20 December 2014: Algerian soldiers kill three Jund al-Khilafah members in the mountains near Sidi Daoud.^[11]
• 22 December 2014: Jund al-Khilafah leader Abdelmalek Gouri and two other militants were killed by the Algerian army in a military operation in Issers. Afterwards, troops recovered two automatic rifles, explosive belts, and a large amount of ammunition and mobile phones.^[11]
• 28 April 2015: The Algerian military killed five Jund al-Khilafah militants in an ambush in the region of Tizi Ouzou, east of Algiers.^[16]
• 20 May 2015: Algerian security forces ambushed a Jund al-Khilafah meeting east of Algiers, killing at least 21 fighters and capturing two others.^[13]
• 20 February 2016: Jund al-Khilafah claimed to have killed three Algerian soldiers in Mount Shakshut in Bouira in late February. This claim was denied by the Algerian government.^[17]

References