KPNA6
Importin subunit alpha-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KPNA6 gene.[3]
Nucleocytoplasmic transport, a signal- and energy-dependent process, takes place through nuclear pore complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope. The import of proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) requires the NLS import receptor, a heterodimer of importin alpha and beta subunits also known as karyopherins. Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in the cytoplasm and importin beta docks the complex at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex. In the presence of nucleoside triphosphates and the small GTP binding protein Ran, the complex moves into the nuclear pore complex and the importin subunits dissociate. Importin alpha enters the nucleoplasm with its passenger protein and importin beta remains at the pore. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the importin alpha family.[4]
References
Further reading
- Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (2004). "HIV-1 nuclear import: in search of a leader". Front. Biosci. 2: d578–87. doi:10.2741/A213. PMID 9366553.
- Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (1998). "HIV-1 nuclear import: matrix protein is back on center stage, this time together with Vpr". Mol. Med. 4 (3): 138–43. PMC 2230352
. PMID 9562972.
- Christophe D, Christophe-Hobertus C, Pichon B (2000). "Nuclear targeting of proteins: how many different signals?". Cell. Signal. 12 (5): 337–41. doi:10.1016/S0898-6568(00)00077-2. PMID 10822175.
- Chook YM, Blobel G (2002). "Karyopherins and nuclear import". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 11 (6): 703–15. doi:10.1016/S0959-440X(01)00264-0. PMID 11751052.
- Bukrinsky MI, Sharova N, Dempsey MP, et al. (1992). "Active nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (14): 6580–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.14.6580. PMC 49545. PMID 1631159.
- Sharova N, Bukrinskaya A (1991). "p17 and p17-containing gag precursors of input human immunodeficiency virus are transported into the nuclei of infected cells". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 7 (3): 303–6. doi:10.1089/aid.1991.7.303. PMID 2064827.
- Di Marzio P, Choe S, Ebright M, et al. (1996). "Mutational analysis of cell cycle arrest, nuclear localization and virion packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr". J. Virol. 69 (12): 7909–16. PMC 189735. PMID 7494303.
- Gallay P, Swingler S, Song J, et al. (1995). "HIV nuclear import is governed by the phosphotyrosine-mediated binding of matrix to the core domain of integrase". Cell. 83 (4): 569–76. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90097-7. PMID 7585960.
- Freed EO, Englund G, Martin MA (1995). "Role of the basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix in macrophage infection". J. Virol. 69 (6): 3949–54. PMC 189124. PMID 7745752.
- Gallay P, Swingler S, Aiken C, Trono D (1995). "HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells: C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of the viral matrix protein is a key regulator". Cell. 80 (3): 379–88. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90488-3. PMID 7859280.
- von Schwedler U, Kornbluth RS, Trono D (1994). "The nuclear localization signal of the matrix protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 allows the establishment of infection in macrophages and quiescent T lymphocytes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (15): 6992–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.6992. PMC 44324. PMID 8041734.
- Heinzinger NK, Bukinsky MI, Haggerty SA, et al. (1994). "The Vpr protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 influences nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in nondividing host cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (15): 7311–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.7311. PMC 44389. PMID 8041786.
- Bukrinsky MI, Haggerty S, Dempsey MP, et al. (1993). "A nuclear localization signal within HIV-1 matrix protein that governs infection of non-dividing cells". Nature. 365 (6447): 666–9. doi:10.1038/365666a0. PMID 8105392.
- Dubrovsky L, Ulrich P, Nuovo GJ, et al. (1996). "Nuclear localization signal of HIV-1 as a novel target for therapeutic intervention". Mol. Med. 1 (2): 217–30. PMC 2229944. PMID 8529100.
- Gallay P, Stitt V, Mundy C, et al. (1996). "Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear import". J. Virol. 70 (2): 1027–32. PMC 189908. PMID 8551560.
- Bukrinskaya AG, Ghorpade A, Heinzinger NK, et al. (1996). "Phosphorylation-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and nuclear targeting of viral DNA". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (1): 367–71. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.367. PMC 40239. PMID 8552640.
- Sato A, Yoshimoto J, Isaka Y, et al. (1996). "Evidence for direct association of Vpr and matrix protein p17 within the HIV-1 virion". Virology. 220 (1): 208–12. doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0302. PMID 8659115.
- Popov S, Dubrovsky L, Lee MA, et al. (1996). "Critical role of reverse transcriptase in the inhibitory mechanism of CNI-H0294 on HIV-1 nuclear translocation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (21): 11859–64. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.11859. PMC 38149. PMID 8876228.
- Chen CF, Li S, Chen Y, et al. (1997). "The nuclear localization sequences of the BRCA1 protein interact with the importin-alpha subunit of the nuclear transport signal receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (51): 32863–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.51.32863. PMID 8955125.
- Freed EO, Englund G, Maldarelli F, Martin MA (1997). "Phosphorylation of residue 131 of HIV-1 matrix is not required for macrophage infection". Cell. 88 (2): 171–3; discussion 173–4. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81836-X. PMID 9008157.
