Kholmsk

Kholmsk (English)
Холмск (Russian)
-  Town[1]  -

Kholmsk Commercial Port

Location of Sakhalin Oblast in Russia
Kholmsk
Location of Kholmsk in Sakhalin Oblast
Coordinates: 47°03′N 142°03′E / 47.050°N 142.050°E / 47.050; 142.050Coordinates: 47°03′N 142°03′E / 47.050°N 142.050°E / 47.050; 142.050
Coat of arms
Flag
Town Day August 18
Administrative status (as of December 2011)
Country Russia
Federal subject Sakhalin Oblast[1]
Administrative district Kholmsky District[1]
Administrative center of Kholmsky District[1]
Municipal status (as of July 2012)
Urban okrug Kholmsky Urban Okrug[2]
Administrative center of Kholmsky Urban Okrug[2]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 30,937 inhabitants[3]
Time zone MAGT (UTC+11:00)[4]
Founded 1870
Previous names Maoka (until 1946)[5]
Postal code(s)[6] 694620
Dialing code(s) +7 42433[7]
Official website
Kholmsk on Wikimedia Commons

Kholmsk (Russian: Холмск), known until 1946 as Maoka (Japanese: 真岡),[5] is a port town and the administrative center of Kholmsky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is located on the southwest coast of the Sakhalin Island, on coast of the gulf of Nevelsky in the Strait of Tartary of the Sea of Japan, 83 kilometers (52 mi) west of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Population: 30,937 (2010 Census);[3] 35,141 (2002 Census);[8] 51,381 (1989 Census).[9]

History

It was founded in 1870 as a military post. After the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, it was transferred to Japanese control, along with the rest of southern Sakhalin, under the Treaty of Portsmouth. The Japanese renamed it Maoka (真岡), translating roughly as True Hill.

On August 20, 1945, a combined marine battalion and the 113th infantry brigade landed in Port Maoka. They were preceded by a group of scouts, landed secretively by submarine Sh-118, in the Maoka area to successfully complete their task. However, Japanese resistance was desperate, and the landing party had to fight particularly fiercely. Japanese fire set one of the coastguard vessels on fire, to which the Russian response was intense naval bombardment of the town, causing more civilian deaths. See Soviet assault on Maoka for details.

The Red Army retook the whole of Sakhalin at the end of World War II, with the town receiving its present name in 1946. The name is derived from the Russian word Kholm for hill, referring to the town's location on the hillside surrounding the harbor.

As with a number of urban areas in the Russian Far East, Kholmsk has seen a large drop in population since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the economic crisis which followed in the 1990s.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kholmsk serves as the administrative center of Kholmsky District and is subordinated to it.[1] As a municipal division, the town of Kholmsk and twenty-three rural localities of Kholmsky District are incorporated as Kholmsky Urban Okrug.[2]

Economy and transport

Kholmsk is an important sea port for the Sakhalin Island. Since 1973, it has been the Sakhalin terminal of a SASCO train ferry to the port of Vanino on the Russian mainland, connecting the mainline rail network with that of the island.[10]

Since Sakhalin railways use the Japanese gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in), the railcars coming from the Russian mainland have their bogies changed in Kholmsk.[11]

It's the largest transport center on Sakhalin, which includes a non-freezing sea port with 2 terminals, 3 railway stations and a knot of highways. Kholmsk is connected with Vanino port by the Kholmsk—Vanino sea railway passenger-and-freight ferry. From the town, the federal highway R495 Kholmsk—Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk begins. Kholmsk is a large economic, industrial and cultural center of the Sakhalin Oblast, a center of sea fishery and ship repair.

Twin towns and sister cities

Kholmsk is twinned with:

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Law #25-ZO
  2. 1 2 3 Law #524
  3. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  4. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  5. 1 2 Irish, Ann (2009). Hokkaido: A History of Ethnic Transition and Development on Japan's Northern Island. McFarland. p. 265.
  6. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  7. ↑ Телефонные коды Сахалина - Dialing codes of Sakhalin (Russian)
  8. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  9. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  10. ↑ SASCO: Vanino-Kholmsk (Russian)
  11. ↑ Сахалинская узкоколейная железная дорога (The narrow-gauge railways of Sakhalin) (Russian)
  12. ↑ Partnership between Russia and S.Korea
  13. ↑ Sakhalin region: Kholmsk was visited by economic delegation from Otaru (Japan)
  14. ↑ The Russian presence in Japan

Sources

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