Kingsnorth power station

Kingsnorth is a decommissioned dual-fired coal and oil power station on the Hoo Peninsula at Medway in Kent, South East England. The four-unit station was operated by energy firm E.ON UK, and had a generating capacity of 2000 megawatts.^[1] It was capable of operating on either coal or oil though in practice oil was used only as a secondary fuel or for startup.^[2] It was also capable of co-firing biofuel, up to a maximum of 10% of the station's fuel mix.^[1] A replacement power station, also coal-fired, was considered by owners E.ON, but plans were abandoned. The proposed replacement attracted substantial public protests and criticism, including the 2008 Camp for Climate Action.

History

Built on the site of the former World War I airship base RNAS Kingsnorth, Kingsnorth power station was constructed between 1963 and 1973 by the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB). From 1975 to the early 1980s, Kingsnorth was linked to the London power grid by HVDC Kingsnorth, one of the few examples of high-voltage direct current transmission then in use.

On the evening of 2 January 2010, a fire broke out in one of the pump rooms of the power station. The fire was put out by fifteen fire engines and five specialist units, though the building was badly damaged and had to be shut down.^[3]

Closure

The station closed as a result of the EU's Large Combustion Plant Directive (LCPD), which requires stations that are not equipped with Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) technology to close after 20,000 hours of operation from 1 January 2008 or the end of 2015, whichever comes first. Kingsnorth ceased generation on 17 December 2012, having consumed all its LCPD hours.^[4] Demolition of the coal handling plant commenced on Thursday 23 October 2014 with series of controlled explosions. The station's turbine hall was demolished on 9 July 2015.

Decommission Kinsnorth power station, partially demolished

Proposed replacement

As a replacement for the four old Kingsnorth units, in October 2006 E.ON proposed the construction of two new coal-fired units, Kingsnorth Units 5 and 6. They had proposed constructing two new 800 MW supercritical coal-fired power units on the site, to be operational "as early as 2012".^[5] E.ON expected the supercritical units to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of electricity by around 20%, as compared to the former subcritical plant.^[6] E.ON also said the new units would be "capture ready" to allow the option of retrofitting with carbon capture and storage (CCS). Their environmental statement reads:

"CCS will be considered as an option...subject to the process of CCS being allowed by law and incentivised by a suitable framework and technological hurdles for the process being overcome."^[6]

On 31 March 2008 E.ON announced that the proposed station would be used in a bid for the Government's carbon capture and storage competition.^[7][8] In addition E.ON proposed that the planning decision should be delayed until after the Government has completed its consultation on CCS.

The proposed station came under much criticism from a number of groups including:

• Christian Aid who note that the emissions from the plant will be over 10 times the annual emissions from Rwanda^[9]
• Greenpeace^[10]
• The Royal Society^[11]
• The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds^[12]
• World Development Movement.^[13]
• The WWF^[14]
• The CPRE^[15]

Climate scientist and head of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies James E. Hansen condemned the building of new coal power stations stating: In the face of such threats [from climate change] it is madness to propose a new generation of power plants based on burning coal, which is the dirtiest and most polluting of all the fossil fuels. We need a moratorium on the construction of coal-fired power plants and we must phase out the existing ones within two decades^[16] He is however more accepting of coal with CCS stating that Coal could still be a long-term energy source for power plants, if the carbon dioxide is captured and sequestered underground.^[17] Greenpeace is sceptical that CCS technology is viable.^[18]

On 30 June 2008 it was announced that Kingsnorth project had proceeded to the next stage of the competition (prequalification) with three other competitors.^[19] But in March 2009, Ed Miliband said that he was postponing a decision on Kingsnorth, and in the following month the E.ON chief executive said that "Without commercial carbon capture, [the proposed station was] 'game over'".^[20][21] On 7 October 2009 E.ON postponed the replacement until at least 2016, before 20 October 2010 when it was announced that the proposal had been shelved.^[22]

Protests

Greenpeace - October 2007

Six Greenpeace protesters were arrested for breaking into the power station, climbing the station's chimney, painting the word Gordon on the chimney and causing an estimated £30,000 damage. They had been planning to write "Gordon, bin it", but had stopped when served with a High Court injunction. At their subsequent trial they admitted trying to shut the station down but argued that they were legally justified because they were trying to prevent climate change from causing greater damage to property elsewhere around the world. Evidence was heard from David Cameron's environment adviser Zac Goldsmith, and an Inuit leader from Greenland, both saying that climate change was already seriously affecting life around the world. The six were acquitted after arguing that they were legally justified in their actions to prevent climate change from causing greater damage to property around the world. It was the first case where preventing property damage caused by climate change has been used as part of a "lawful excuse" defence in court.^[23]

In December 2008 Greenpeace received a letter from the Crown Prosecution Service revealing that the Attorney-General was close to referring the case of the Kingsnorth Six to the Court of Appeal in an effort to remove the defence of ‘lawful excuse' from activists. Also in December the New York Times listed the acquittal in its annual list of the most influential ideas that will change our lives^[24]

Climate Camp - August 2008

The 2008 Camp for Climate Action was held near the power station and 50 people were arrested trying to break into the site.^[25] Some of the tactics used by police during the demonstration have been the subject of complaints, a judicial review, and mainstream media criticism.^{[26][27][28][29][30]}

Occupation - October 2008

On 29 October 2008, Greenpeace activists occupied part of the power station after accessing the site using boats including the Rainbow Warrior. There was an hour-long stand-off with security staff before they boarded the plant's jetty and demonstrated while others set up camp on a concrete island owned by E.ON. Protesters projected campaign messages on the building, and then on a bulldozer brought in by the company to block the image, until the early hours of the following morning when they were served with a high court injunction.^[31]

Taken off-line for four hours - November 2008

On 28 November 2008 a lone protester entered the plant undetected and shut down unit 2, one of the station's 500 MW turbines, leaving a message reading "no new coal". The turbine was offline for four hours.^[32]

Greenpeace - June 2009

On 22 June 2009, ten Greenpeace activists boarded a fully loaded coal delivery ship bound for Kingsnorth.^[33][34]

See also

• Damhead Creek power station

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kingsnorth Power Station.

• Kingsnorth Muse - History and pictures - History of the station with pictures and features covering 40 or so years.
• Kingsnorth power station - General information on Kingsnorth Power Station, including references to the Nature Reserve, one of the few of its kind in the region.
• No new coal - a lobby group opposing the replacement planned by E.ON

Electricity generation in South East England
Power stations	Biomass Active Slough Closed Didcot A (co-fired) Kingsnorth (co-fired) Coal Closed Brighton A + B Cowes Didcot A (co-fired) Earley Eastbourne Broomgrove Kingsnorth (co-fired) Littlebrook A, B + C Northfleet Osney Richborough Slough Gas Active Cowes Damhead Creek Didcot B Grain Humbly Grove Hythe Marchwood Medway Sevington Shoreham Storrington Closed Hastings Slough Incinerators/Waste Active Allington Quarry Chineham Isle of Wight Marchwood Newhaven Portsmouth Slough Nuclear Active Dungeness B Closed Dungeness A Refused/Cancelled Dungeness C Oil Closed Kingsnorth (co-fired) Fawley Grain Littlebrook A, B + C, D Marchwood Northfleet Richborough Solar Active Brighton Energy Co-operative Westmill Solar Co-operative Wind Active Green Park Gunfleet Sands Kentish Flats London Array Romney Marsh Thanet Westmill Wind Co-operative Proposed/Future Navitus Bay Rampion
Organisations	Brighton Electric Light Company Centrica Expro International Group Hammond Electric Light Company UK Power Networks Pre-nationalisation electric power companies SEEBOARD Southern Electric