Latter Day Church of Christ

The Latter Day Church of Christ^[1] is a Mormon fundamentalist denomination in the Latter Day Saint movement, and is also known as the Kingston Clan, the Kingston Group, The Order, the Davis County Cooperative, and The Co-op Society.^[2] There are approximately 3,500 members of this group.^[3]

Establishment

The church was created in 1977 by the joint owners of the Davis County Cooperative Society Inc.,^[4] a cooperative created in 1941 to manage and hold the financial assets of the group. The Latter Day Church of Christ is based in Salt Lake City, Utah.

In the early 1920s, Charles W. Kingston was disenchanted with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) because of its abandonment of plural marriage.^[5] Kingston began preaching polygamy amongst fellow members of the LDS Church as well as distributing pamphlets and the book, Laman Manasseh Victorious: A Message of Salvation and Redemption to His People Israel, First to Ephraim and Manasseh, which he had co-written. This eventually resulted in his excommunication from the LDS Church. By 1935, following the excommunication of Kingston's followers from the LDS Church, the group migrated to Bountiful, Utah, to escape harassment, ridicule, and ostracism from members of their community that remained loyal to the LDS Church. They arrived in Bountiful one family at a time with the plan to combine their resources to escape the hardship resulting from the Great Depression. The first five families formed a governing council and elected Charles Elden Kingston, Charles W. Kingston's son, as the leader of the council. In 1941, the community founded by Charles W. Kingston officially declared themselves the Davis County Cooperative Society Inc.

The corporation produces goods and services that are used by members, and sold or traded to other cooperatives and to the public.^[6]

Finances

Over the decades, the Cooperative has maintained extreme secrecy while developing an extensive cooperative system with assets at an unconfirmed value of over $150 million.^[7]

Financial holdings include: a 300-acre (1.2 km²) dairy farm in Davis County; a 3,200-acre (13 km²) farm in Tetonia, Idaho; a coal mine in Emery County;^[8] and 1,200 acres (4.9 km²) in Terreton, Idaho; a cattle ranch and a discount store; Desert Tech Firearms; Washakie Renewable Energy; a grocery store; restaurant supply in many western cities including Tucson, Phoenix, Denver, Las Vegas, Boise, and Portland. It has been rumored that it owned the United Bank, but this has now been confirmed as incorrect. J. Ortell Kingston aggressively pursued a financially expansive agenda for the Davis County Cooperative Society Inc.^[9]

Beliefs

The Davis County Cooperative Society claims to maintain the original beliefs and teachings of Joseph Smith. It began the practice of plural marriage shortly after the establishment of the cooperative.^[10][11] The Latter Day Church of Christ also practices the law of consecration and United Order.

During the first years of the Davis County Cooperative Society, Kingston and his followers wore unique outer garments that led to people referring to them as "blue-coats." Men and boys wore blue coverall-type suits tied with strings; women and girls wore plain blue dresses. As a symbol of their renunciation of worldly goods, the outer clothing contained no pockets in which possession could be carried, although later an inside pocket was provided for the sanitary measure of carrying a handkerchief. All went bareheaded and barefoot.^[12]

The community practices plural marriage. In Utah there have been numerous legal issues; there have been a number of charges brought against members of the community, but only three convictions have resulted over 60 years.^[9]

Charles W. Kingston taught that "Every individual ... no matter what authority, standing, or station he is in, is responsible to the one above him in exactly the same way as if that individual was the Savior himself .... We must look at the one above us in the same light as we look at the Savior."^[13] This doctrine is known as the Law of One-above-another.

The church emphasizes family values, education, and self-sufficiency, and members believe that every child is a priceless blessing. Children are allowed to attend public school and many go on to college. The church recently established a private school, which almost all of the children now attend.^[2]

Controversies

Intra-family marriages

The theories on genetics that could be used to "purify" the Kingston-family pedigree were reportedly developed at the Kingston Dairy, owned by the co-op in Woods Cross, Davis County, Utah.^[3][14] Use of these theories encouraged incestuous marriages of close relatives in order to "perfect" the Kingston bloodline.^[14] Those marriages, if proven, could be considered illegal under Utah's consanguinity laws.^[15] Connie Rugg, formerly one of Ortell's plural wives, stated: "Ortell Kingston experimented [with] inbreeding with his cattle, and then he turned to his children."^[3]

Some examples include:

• LDCC member Jason Ortell Kingston married his half-sister, Andrea Johnson, who became pregnant in 1992. She suffered from preeclampsia (toxemia) before being brought in for medical treatment. A C-section was performed to save the baby, but Andrea died. Utah state officials believe that obstetrical care was withheld because of the possibility that the incestuous relationship would be discovered.^[16]
• Jeremy Ortell Kingston was sentenced to a year in prison in 2004 for having taken LuAnn Kingston, who was his cousin and aunt, as his fourth wife in 1994.^[17]
• LDCC member David O. Kingston married 15-year-old Mary Ann Kingston, who attempted to run away but was apprehended by her father. Mary counted 28 lashes before passing out.^[18] He was arrested and pleaded “no contest” to the charge of child abuse and served seven months in jail. David O. Kingston was convicted of incest and unlawful sexual conduct and sentenced to a 10-year prison term, of which he only served 4 years. Mary Ann later filed a $110-million lawsuit against members of the Kingston Clan, alleging intentional sexual abuse of a child and intentional infliction of emotional distress.^[19]

Child marriage

The Latter Day Church of Christ, for a period, practiced child marriage of girls just attaining puberty. Kingston Clan leaders having a "pure bloodline" have priority over almost any other members when choosing plural wives.^[3] With this advantage, girls as young as 13 were coerced into marriage as new plural wives.^[20]

Financial fraud

Despite the wealth of the Kingston Clan leaders, plural wives have been found living in almost inhuman conditions.^[21] Often, wives' homes consisted of only small rundown clapboard houses with peeling paint and broken windows.^[7] Connie Rugg stated: "The men in the Kingston group do little or nothing to support their many wives and children".^[7] Sometimes wives will "go gardening," scrounging through garbage cans to provide food for their children and themselves.^[7]

The Latter Day Church of Christ has also been accused of engaging in welfare fraud and tax evasion.^[22] The members have larger families, which is typical of the older Mormon teachings. John Ortell Kingston was accused of tax evasion and fraudulently obtained welfare by having his wives claim to be single mothers, claiming that he was not the father of their children. Ortell's holdings were estimated at $70 million. In 1983, Utah sued Ortell Kingston for repayment of welfare subsidies his plural wives had received. While admitting no wrongdoing, Ortell paid the state $250,000 and the case was dropped.

Leaders

• Paul Elden Kingston, (1987–current)
• John Ortell Kingston (1948–87)
• Elden Kingston (1935–48)
• Charles W. Kingston (founders father, patriarch, supported leaders from 1935 until his death in 1975)

Kingston Group assets

The Utah holdings of the Davis County Cooperative are estimated at more than $2 million.^[3] including the following:

See also

• Factional breakdown: Mormon fundamentalist sects
• Under the Banner of Heaven: A Story of Violent Faith
• List of Mormon fundamentalist churches
• List of Mormon fundamentalist leaders

References