List of Olympic medalists in art competitions
There were 146 medalists in the art competitions that were part of the Olympic Games from 1912 until 1948. These art competitions were considered an integral part of the movement by International Olympic Committee (IOC) founder Pierre de Coubertin and necessary to recapture the complete essence of the Ancient Olympic Games. Their absence before the 1912 Summer Olympics, according to journalism professor Richard Stanton, stems from Coubertin "not wanting to fragment the focus of his new and fragile movement".[1] Art competitions were originally planned for inclusion in the 1908 Summer Olympics but were delayed after that edition's change in venue from Rome to London following the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius.[2] By the 1924 Summer Olympics they had grown to be considered internationally relevant and potentially "a milestone in advancing public awareness of art as a whole".[3]
During their first three appearances, the art competitions were grouped into five broad categories: architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture. The Dutch Organizing Committee for the 1928 Summer Olympics split these into subcategories in the hopes of increasing participation.[4] Although it was a successful strategy, the 1932 Summer Olympics eliminated several of these subcategories, which led to fewer entries in the broader categories.[5] For the 1936 Summer Olympics, the German government proposed the addition of a film contest to the program, which was rejected.[6]
Following a final appearance at the 1948 Summer Olympics, art competitions were removed from the Olympic program. Planners of the 1952 Summer Olympics opposed their inclusion on logistical grounds, claiming that the lack of an international association for the event meant that the entire onus of facilitation was placed on the local organizing committee.[7] Concerns were also raised about the professionalism of the event, since only amateurs were allowed to participate in the sporting tournaments,[8] and the growing commercialization of the competitions, as artists had been permitted to sell their submissions during the course of the Games since 1928. In 1952 an art festival and exhibition was held concurrent with the Games, a tradition that has been maintained in all subsequent Summer Olympics.[9]
The IOC does not track medalists in Olympic art competitions in its database and thus the prize winners are only officially recorded in the original Olympic reports. Judges were not required to distribute first, second, and third place awards for every category, and thus certain events lack medalists in these placements. Since participants were allowed multiple submissions, it was also possible for artists to win more than one in a single event, as Alex Diggelmann of Switzerland did in the graphic arts category of the 1948 edition.[10] Diggelmann is tied with Denmark's Josef Petersen, who won second prize three times in literature, for the amount of medals captured in the art competitions. Luxembourg's Jean Jacoby is the only individual to win two gold medals, doing so in painting in 1924 and 1928. Of the 146 medalists, 11 were women and only Finnish author Aale Tynni was awarded gold. Germany was the most successful nation, with eight gold, seven silver, and nine bronze medals,[11] although one was won by Coubertin himself, a Frenchman. He submitted his poem Ode to Sport under the pseudonyms Georges Hohrod and Martin Eschbach, as if it were a joint-entry, and won first prize in the 1912 literature category. The original report credits this medal to Germany.[12] Two individuals, Walter W. Winans[13] and Alfréd Hajós, won medals in both athletic and art competitions.[14]
Architecture
Mixed architecture
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1912 Stockholm | MonodEugène-Edouard Monod & Alphonse Laverrière (SUI) Building-plan of a modern Stadium |
zznone awarded | zznone awarded |
1920 Antwerp | zznone awarded | Sinding-LarsenHolger Sinding-Larsen (NOR) Project pour une Ecole de Gymnastique |
zznone awarded |
1924 Paris | zznone awarded | HajosAlfréd Hajós & Dezső Lauber (HUN) Plan d'un Stade |
MedecinJulien Médecin (MON) Stade pour Monte-Carlo |
Mixed architecture, architectural designs
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1928 Amsterdam | WilsJan Wils (NED) Olympic Stadium in Amsterdam |
MindeadalEjnar Mindedal Rasmussen (DEN) Swimming pool at Ollerup |
LambertJacques Lambert (FRA) Stadium at Versailles |
1932 Los Angeles | SaackeGustave Saacké, Pierre Bailly, & Pierre Montenot (FRA) Design for a "Cirque pour Toros" |
PopeJohn Russell Pope (USA) Design for the Payne Whitney Gymnasium, New Haven, Conn. |
KnowiarzRichard Konwiarz (GER) Design for a "Schlesierkampfbahn" in the Sport Park of Breslau |
1936 Berlin | KutscheraHermann Kutschera (AUT) Skiing Stadium |
MarchWerner March[note 1] (GER) Reich Sport Field |
StiegholzerHermann Stiegholzer & Herbert Kastinger (AUT) Sporting Center in Vienna |
1948 London | HochAdolf Hoch (AUT) Skisprungschanze auf dem Kobenzl |
RineschAlfred Rinesch (AUT) Watersports Centre in Carinthia |
OlssonNils Olsson (SWE) Baths and Sporting Hall for Gothenburg |
Town planning
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1928 Amsterdam | HenselAlfred Hensel (GER) Stadium at Nuremberg |
LambertJacques Lambert (FRA) Stadium at Versailles |
LaeugerMax Laeuger (GER) Municipal park at Hamburg |
1932 Los Angeles | HughesJohn Hughes (GBR) Design for a Sports and Recreation Center with Stadium, for the City of Liverpool |
KlemmensenJens Klemmensen (DEN) Design for a Stadium and Public Park |
VerbekeAndré Verbeke (BEL) Design for a "Maraton Park" |
1936 Berlin[15] | MarchWerner March & Walter March (GER) Reich Sport Field |
LayCharles Downing Lay (USA) Marine park, Brooklyn |
NussbaumTheo Nussbaum (GER) Municipal Planning and Sporting Centre in Cologne |
1948 London | LindegrenYrjö Lindegren (FIN) The Centre of Athletics in Varkaus, Finland. |
SchindlerWerner Schindler & Edy Knupfer (SUI) Swiss Federal Sports and Gymnastics Training Centre |
NiemelainenIlmari Niemeläinen (FIN) The Athletic Centre in Kemi, Finland. |
Literature
Mixed literature
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1912 Stockholm | HohrodGeorges Hohrod & Martin Eschbath (GER) Ode to sport |
zznone awarded | zznone awarded |
1920 Antwerp | NicolaiRaniero Nicolai (ITA) Canzoni Olimpioniche |
CookTheodore Andrea Cook (GBR) Olympic Games of Antwerp |
BladelMaurice Bladel (BEL) La Louange des Dieux |
1924 Paris | Géo-Charles (FRA) Jeux Olympiques |
StuartMargaret Stuart (GBR) Sword Songs |
GonnetCharles Gonnet (FRA) Vers le Dieu d’Olympie |
PetersenJosef Petersen (DEN) Euryale |
GogartyOliver St. John Gogarty (IRL) Ode pour les Jeux de Tailteann | ||
1932 Los Angeles | BauerPaul Bauer (GER) Am Kangehenzonga |
PetersenJosef Petersen (DEN) The Argonauts |
zznone awarded |
Dramatic works
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1928 Amsterdam | none awarded | Lauro De Bosis (ITA) Icaro |
none awarded |
Epic works
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1928 Amsterdam | MezoFerenc Mező (HUN) L’histoire des Jeux Olympiques |
WeissErnst Weiss (GER) Boetius von Orlamünde |
SchartenCarel Scharten & Margo Scharten-Antink (NED) De Nar uit de Maremmen |
1936 Berlin | KarhumakiUrho Karhumäki (FIN) Avoveteen |
EhmerWilhelm Ehmer (GER) For the Top of the World |
ParandowskiJan Parandowski (POL) Dysk Olimijski |
1948 London | StuparichGiani Stuparich (ITA) La Grotta |
PetersenJosef Petersen (DEN) The Olympic Champion |
FoldesÉva Földes (HUN) The Well of Youth |
Lyric and speculative works
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1928 Amsterdam | WierzynskiKazimierz Wierzyński (POL) Laur Olimpijski |
BindingRudolf G. Binding (GER) Reitvorschrift fur eine Geliebte |
WeltzerJohannes Weltzer (DEN) Symphonia Heroïca |
1936 Berlin[16] | Dhunen-SondingerFelix Dhünen-Sondinger (GER) The Runner |
FattoriBruno Fattori (ITA) Profili Azzuri |
StoiberHans Stoiber (AUT) The Discus |
1948 London[17] | TynniAale Tynni (FIN) Laurel of Hellas |
HeerdenErnst van Heerden (RSA) Six Poems |
ProuteauGilbert Prouteau (FRA) Rythme du Stade |
Music
Mixed music
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1912 Stockholm | BarthelemyRiccardo Barthelemy (ITA) Triumphal March |
zznone awarded | zznone awarded |
1920 Antwerp | MonierGeorges Monier (BEL) Olympique |
RivaOreste Riva (ITA) Epinicion |
zznone awarded |
1932 Los Angeles | zznone awarded | SukJosef Suk (TCH) Into a New Life |
zznone awarded |
Compositions for orchestra
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1928 Amsterdam | zznone awarded | zznone awarded | SimonsenRudolph Simonsen (DEN) Symphony No. 2 "Hellas" |
1936 Berlin | EgkWerner Egk (GER) Olympic Festive Music |
LiviabellaLino Liviabella (ITA) The Victor |
KrickaJaroslav Křička (TCH) Mountain Suite |
1948 London[18] | TurskiZbigniew Turski (POL) Olympic Symphony |
TuukkanenKalervo Tuukkanen (FIN) Karhunpyynti |
BreneErling Brene (DEN) Viguer |
Solo and chorus compositions
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1936 Berlin | HofferPaul Höffer (GER) Olympic Vow |
ThomasKurt Thomas (GER) Olympic Cantana, 1936 |
GenzmerHarald Genzmer (GER) The Runner |
Instrumental and chamber
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1948 London | none awarded | Jean Weinzweig (CAN) Divertimenti for Solo Flute and Strings |
Sergio Lauricella (ITA) Toccata per Pianoforte |
Vocal
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1948 London | none awarded | none awarded | Gabriele Bianchi (ITA) Inno Olimpionico |
Painting
Mixed painting
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1912 Stockholm | PellegriniCarlo Pellegrini (ITA) Winter Sports |
zznone awarded | zznone awarded |
1920 Antwerp | zznone awarded | BrossinHenriette Brossin de Mère-de Polanska (FRA) L'Elan |
OstAlfred Ost (BEL) Joueur de Football |
1924 Paris | JacobyJean Jacoby (LUX) Etude de Sport |
YeatsJack Butler Yeats (IRL) Natation |
HellJohan van Hell (NED) Patineurs |
Drawings and water colors
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1928 Amsterdam[19] | JacobyJean Jacoby (LUX) Rugby |
VirotAlex Virot (FRA) Gestes de Football |
SkoczylasWładysław Skoczylas (POL) Posters |
1932 Los Angeles | BlairLee Blair (USA) Rodeo |
CrosbyPercy Crosby (USA) Jackknife |
WestermannGerhard Westermann (NED) Horseman |
1936 Berlin | zznone awarded | DazziRomano Dazzi (ITA) Four Sketches for Frescoes |
SuzukiSujaku Suzuki (JPN) Classical Horse Racing in Japan |
Engravings and etchings
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1948 London | Albert Decaris (FRA) Swimming Pool |
John Copley (GBR) Polo Players |
Walter Battiss (RSA) Seaside Sport |
Graphic works
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1928 Amsterdam | NicholsonWilliam Nicholson (GBR) Un Almanach de douze Sports |
MoosCarl Moos (SUI) Posters |
FeldbauerMax Feldbauer (GER) Mailcoach |
1932 Los Angeles[20] | GolinkinJoseph Golinkin (USA) Leg Scissors |
KonarskaJanina Konarska (POL) Stadium |
KarschJoachim Karsch (GER) Stabwechsel |
1936 Berlin[21] | DiggelmannAlex Diggelmann (SUI) Arosa I Placard |
HierlAlfred Hierl (GER) International Automobile Race on the Avis |
Ostoja-ChrostowskiStanisław Ostoja-Chrostowski (POL) Yachting Club Certificate |
1948 London[22] | zznone awarded | DiggelmanAlex Diggelmann (SUI) World Championship for Cycling Poster |
DiggelmanAlex Diggelmann (SUI) World Championship for Ice Hockey Poster |
Paintings
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1928 Amsterdam | IsraelsIsaac Israëls (NED) Cavalier Rouge |
KnightLaura Knight (GBR) Boxeurs |
KlemmWalther Klemm (GER) Patinage |
1932 Los Angeles | WallinDavid Wallin (SWE) At the Seaside of Arild |
MillerRuth Miller (USA) Struggle |
zznone awarded |
1936 Berlin | zznone awarded | EisenmengerRudolf Eisenmenger (AUT) Runner at the Finishing Line |
FujitaRyuji Fujita (JPN) Ice Hockey |
1948 London | ThomsonAlfred Thomson (GBR) London Amateur Championships |
StradoneGiovanni Stradone (ITA) Le Pistard |
HamiltonLetitia Marion Hamilton (IRL) Meath Hunt Point-to-Point Races |
Sculpturing
Mixed sculpturing
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1912 Stockholm | WinansWalter W. Winans (USA) An American trotter |
DuboisGeorges Dubois (FRA) Model of the entrance to a modern Stadium |
zznone awarded |
1920 Antwerp | CollinAlbéric Collin (BEL) La Force |
GoossensSimon Goossens (BEL) Les Patineurs |
De CuyperAlphons De Cuyper (BEL) Lanceur de Poids et Coureur |
1924 Paris | DimitriadisKostas Dimitriadis (GRE) Discobole Finlandais |
HeldensteinFrantz Heldenstein (LUX) Vers l'olympiade |
GauguinJean René Gauguin (DEN) Le Boxeur |
MascauxClaude-Léon Mascaux (FRA) Cadre de Medailles | |||
Medals
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1936 Berlin | none awarded | Luciano Mercante (ITA) Medals |
Josue Dupon (BEL) Equestrian Medals |
Medals and plaques
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1948 London | none awarded | Oskar Thiede (AUT) Eight Sports Plaques |
Edwin Grienauer (AUT) Prize Rowing Trophy |
Reliefs and medallions
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1928 Amsterdam | GrienauerEdwin Grienauer (AUT) Médailles |
HoefChris van der Hoef (NED) Médaille pour les Jeux Olympiques |
ScharffEdwin Scharff (GER) Plaquette |
1932 Los Angeles[23] | KlukowskiJózef Klukowski (POL) Sport Sculpture II |
MacMonniesFrederick William MacMonnies (USA) Lindbergh Medal |
MacKenzieR. Tait McKenzie (CAN) Shield of the Athletes |
Reliefs
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1936 Berlin | SutorEmil Sutor (GER) Hurdlers |
KlukowskiJózef Klukowski (POL) Ball |
zznone awarded |
1948 London | zznone awarded | zznone awarded | FletcherRosamund Fletcher (GBR) The End of the Covert |
Statues
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1928 Amsterdam | LandowskiPaul Landowski (FRA) Boxer |
MartinMilo Martin (SUI) Athlète au repos |
SintenisRenée Sintenis (GER) Footballeur |
1932 Los Angeles | YoungMahonri Young (USA) The Knockdown |
MannoMiltiades Manno (HUN) Wrestling |
ObrovskyJakub Obrovský (TCH) Odysseus |
1936 Berlin | VignoliFarpi Vignoli (ITA) Sulky Driver |
BrekerArno Breker (GER) Decathlon Athlete |
BlombergStig Blomberg (SWE) Wrestling Youths |
1948 London | NordahlGustaf Nordahl (SWE) Homage to Ling |
KarChintamoni Kar (GBR) The Stag |
YencesseHubert Yencesse (FRA) Nageuse |
Statistics
Multiple medalists
Athlete | Nation | Olympics | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diggelmann, AlexAlex Diggelmann | Switzerland (SUI) | 1936–1948 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Petersen, JosefJosef Petersen | Denmark (DEN) | 1924, 1932, 1948 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Jacoby, JeanJean Jacoby | Luxembourg (LUX) | 1924–1936 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Klukowski, JózefJózef Klukowski | Poland (POL) | 1932–1936 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
March, WernerWerner March | Germany (GER) | 1928–1936 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Grienauer, EdwinEdwin Grienauer | Austria (AUT) | 1928, 1948 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Lambert, JacquesJacques Lambert | France (FRA) | 1928 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Medals per year
Nation | 1912 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1948 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria (AUT) | – | – | – | 1 | – | 4 | 4 | 9 |
Belgium (BEL) | – | 6 | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | 8 |
Canada (CAN) | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | 2 |
Denmark (DEN) | – | – | 2 | 3 | 2 | – | 2 | 9 |
Finland (FIN) | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 4 | 5 |
France (FRA) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | – | 3 | 13 |
Great Britain (GBR) | – | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | – | 4 | 9 |
Germany (GER) | 1 | – | – | 8 | 3 | 12 | – | 24 |
Greece (GRE) | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 |
Hungary (HUN) | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | 4 |
Ireland (IRL) | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | 1 | 3 |
Italy (ITA) | 2 | 2 | – | 1 | – | 5 | 4 | 14 |
Japan (JPN) | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | 2 |
Luxembourg (LUX) | – | – | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | 3 |
Monaco (MON) | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 |
Netherlands (NED) | – | – | 1 | 4 | 1 | – | – | 6 |
Norway (NOR) | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
Poland (POL) | – | – | – | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 8 |
South Africa (RSA) | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 2 |
Switzerland (SUI) | 1 | – | – | 2 | – | 1 | 3 | 7 |
Sweden (SWE) | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
Czechoslovakia (TCH) | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 | – | 3 |
United States (USA) | 1 | – | – | – | 7 | 1 | – | 9 |
References
General
- "The Official Report of the Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912" (PDF). Stockholm: Swedish Olympic Committee. 1913: 808–809. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- "Olympic Games: Antwerp 1920: Official Report" (PDF) (in French). Brussels: Belgian Olympic Committee. 1957: 80. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- "Les Jeux de la VIIIE Olympiade" (PDF) (in French). Paris: Comite Olympique Francais. 1924: 605–612. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
- "Official Report of the Olympic Games of 1928 Celebrated at Amsterdam" (PDF). Amsterdam: Netherlands Olympic Committee. 1928: 892–901. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- "The Games of the Xth Olympiad Los Angeles 1932" (PDF). Los Angeles: Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles. 1933: 756–765. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- "The XIth Olympic Games Berlin, 1936: Official Report Volume II" (PDF). Berlin: Organisationskomitee Fur Die XI. Olympiade Berlin 1936 E.V. 1937: 1119–1123. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- "The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad London 1948" (PDF). London: The Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad. 1951: 535–537. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
Specific
- ↑ Stanton, Richard (2000). The Forgotten Olympic Art Competitions (1st ed.). Victoria: Trafford Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 1552126064.
- ↑ Stanton, p. 18.
- ↑ Stanton, p. 69.
- ↑ Stanton, p. 95.
- ↑ Stanton, p. 146.
- ↑ Stanton, p. 158.
- ↑ Stanton, p. 210.
- ↑ Stanton, p. 211.
- ↑ Stanton, p. 213.
- ↑ "The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad London 1948" (PDF). London: The Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad. 1951: 536. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ↑ Gjerde, Arild; Jeroen Heijmans; Bill Mallon; Hilary Evans (2011). "Art Competitions". Olympics. Sports Reference.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-28. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
- ↑ Gjerde, Arild; Jeroen Heijmans; Bill Mallon; Hilary Evans (2011). "Pierre, Baron de Coubertin Biography and Olympic Results". Olympics. Sports Reference.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-28. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
- ↑ Gjerde, Arild; Jeroen Heijmans; Bill Mallon; Hilary Evans (2011). "Walter Winans Biography and Olympic Results". Olympics. Sports Reference.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-28. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- ↑ Gjerde, Arild; Jeroen Heijmans; Bill Mallon; Hilary Evans (2011). "Alfréd Hajós Biography and Olympic Results". Olympics. Sports Reference.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-28. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- ↑ In 1936, this event was listed as "Designs for Municipal Planning". "The XIth Olympic Games Berlin, 1936: Official Report Volume II" (PDF). Berlin: Organisationskomitee Fur Die XI. Olympiade Berlin 1936 E.V. 1937: 1119. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- ↑ In 1936, this event was listed as "Lyric Works". "The XIth Olympic Games Berlin, 1936: Official Report Volume II" (PDF). Berlin: Organisationskomitee Fur Die XI. Olympiade Berlin 1936 E.V. 1937: 1122. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- ↑ In 1948, this event was listed as "Lyrics". "The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad London 1948" (PDF). London: The Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad. 1951: 536. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
- ↑ In 1948, this event was listed as "Choral and Orchestra". "The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad London 1948" (PDF). London: The Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad. 1951: 537. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
- ↑ In 1928, this event was listed as "Drawings". "Official Report of the Olympic Games of 1928 Celebrated at Amsterdam" (PDF). Amsterdam: Netherlands Olympic Committee. 1928: 898. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- ↑ In 1932, this event was listed as "Prints"."The Games of the Xth Olympiad Los Angeles 1932" (PDF). Los Angeles: Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles. 1933: 758. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- ↑ In 1936, this event was listed as "Commercial Graphic Art". "The XIth Olympic Games Berlin, 1936: Official Report Volume II" (PDF). Berlin: Organisationskomitee Fur Die XI. Olympiade Berlin 1936 E.V. 1937: 1122. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- ↑ In 1948, this event was listed as "Applied Art and Crafts". "The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad London 1948" (PDF). London: The Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad. 1951: 535–537. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
- ↑ In 1932, this event was listed as "Medals and Reliefs". "The Games of the Xth Olympiad Los Angeles 1932" (PDF). Los Angeles: Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles. 1933: 758. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
Notes
- ↑ Data provided by Bill Mallon to Sports Reference.com lists Walter March as a co-medalist.