List of U.S. executive branch czars
In the United States, the informal political term "czar" or "tsar" is employed in media and popular usage to refer to high-level officials who oversee a particular policy. There have never been any U.S. government offices with the title "czar", but various governmental officials have sometimes been referred to by the nickname "czar" rather than their actual title.
The earliest known use of the term for a U.S. government official was in the administration of Franklin Roosevelt (1933–1945), during which eleven unique positions (or twelve if one were to count "Economic Czar" and "Economic Czar of World War II" as separate) were so described. The term was revived, mostly by the press, to describe officials in the Nixon and Ford administrations and continues today.
By administration
The list is subjective and imprecise, since frequently individuals or offices might be referred to by the nickname "czar" by some publication or a political opponent, yet the actual governmental official, a majority of publications and others do not use the term. One possible definition is only those officials who are appointed by the president without Senate confirmation.
President's name | Party | In office | Number of czar titles |
Number of appointees |
Appointees not confirmed by Senate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Franklin Roosevelt | D | 1933–1945 | 11 | 19 | 17 |
Harry Truman | D | 1945–1953 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
Dwight Eisenhower | R | 1953–1961 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Lyndon Johnson | D | 1963–1969 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Richard Nixon | R | 1969–1974 | 3 | 5 | 5 |
Gerald Ford | R | 1974–1977 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Jimmy Carter | D | 1977–1981 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
Ronald Reagan | R | 1981–1989 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
George H. W. Bush | R | 1989–1993 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
Bill Clinton | D | 1993–2001 | 8 | 11 | 7 |
George W. Bush | R | 2001–2009 | 33 | 49 | 28 |
Barack Obama | D | 2009– | 38 | 44 | 35 |
The numbers are based upon the sortable list below. Please see it for details and references. Note that what is measured is the popularity of the word czar, rather than an objective measure of authority.
Also note that under George W. Bush only 33 Czar titles had been currently found, thus only 33 Czars, although many of these titles were used by several distinct individuals. For example, there has been an Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health since the passage of the Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, but the phrase "mine safety czar" was only applied to the position since the controversial appointment of Richard Stickler to the post in 2006. Similarly, there has been a director of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs since the office was created by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, but the term "regulatory czar" was not applied to the post until 2001.
List of executive branch czars
The following are executive branch officials who have been described by the media as a czar of some kind.
This is a sortable table; to sort by President, type of appointment, etc., just click on the arrow at the top of the column. To view references for a particular "czar", click on the number next to the name.
Czar title | Official title | Office holder | Tenure | Type of Appointment | Appointing Administration | Senate Confirmed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foreign aid czar | Administrator of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) | Tobias, Randall[1] | 2006–2007 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
AfPak czar, Afghanistan and Pakistan czar | Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan | Holbrooke, Richard[2] | 2009–2010 | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
AIDS czar | National AIDS Policy Coordinator, Member of White House Domestic Policy Council | Gebbie, Kristine[3] | 1993–1994 | President appointed | Clinton, BillBill Clinton | |
AIDS czar | Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy | Fleming, Patricia[4] | 1993–1997 | President appointed | Clinton, BillBill Clinton | |
AIDS czar | Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy, Presidential Envoy for AIDS Cooperation | Thurman, Sandra[5] | 1997–2000 | President appointed | Clinton, BillBill Clinton | |
AIDS czar | Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy | Evertz, Scott[6] | 2001–2002 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
AIDS czar | Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy | O'Neill, Joe[7] | 2002–2003 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
AIDS czar | Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy | Thompson, Carol[8] | 2004–2006 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
AIDS czar | Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy | Crowley, Jeffrey[9] | 2009–2012 | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
AIDS czar | Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy | Colfax, Grant[10] | 2012–2014 | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
AIDS czar | Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy | Brooks, Douglas[11] | 2014–2016 | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
anti-poverty czar, poverty czar | Director of Office of Economic Opportunity | Shriver, Sargent[12] | 1965–1969 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Johnson, LyndonLyndon Johnson | ✓ |
Asian Carp czar | Asian Carp Director, Council on Environmental Quality | Goss, John[13] | 2010–present | Council on Environmental Quality selected | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
auto czar, car czar | Treasury Advisor, Head of the Auto Task Force | Rattner, Steve[14] | 2009 Feb–Jul | Sec. of Treasury appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
auto czar, car czar | Senior Advisor President's Automotive Task Force | Bloom, Ron[15] | 2009–present | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
auto recovery czar, autoworker czar | Member Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry, Director of Recovery for Auto Communities and Workers | Montgomery, Ed[16] | 2009–present | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
bank bailout czar, Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) czar | United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability, Senior Advisor to Secretary of the Treasury | Kashkari, Neel.[17] | 2008–2009 | (New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
bank bailout czar, TARP czar | United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability | Allison, Herbert[18] | 2009–2013 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | ✓ |
bioethics czar | Advisor to the President, Chairman of The President's Council on Bioethics | Kass, Leon[19] | 2001–2005 | (New position), Exec order, President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
bird flu czar | Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services, Advisor to the President for Public Health Emergency Preparedness | Simonson, Stewart[20] | 2004–2006 | (New position), President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
birth control czar | Deputy Assistant Secretary of Population Affairs, Department of Health and Human Services | Keroack, Eric[21] | 2006–2007 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
border czar | U.S. attorney and Special Representative for the Southwest Border, Department of Justice | Bersin, Alan[22] | 1995–1998 | President nominated, Senate confirmed as U.S. Attorney, Appointed as Special Representative | Clinton, BillBill Clinton | ✓ |
border czar | Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Special Representative for Border Affairs, Dept of Homeland Security, | Bersin, Alan[23] | 2009–present | Sec of Homeland Security appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
budget czar | Director of the Office of Management and Budget | Daniels, Mitchell E.[24] | 2001–2003 | President nominated, Senate Confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
budget czar | Director of the Office of Management and Budget | Bolten, Joshua[25] | 2003–2006 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
budget czar | Director of the Office of Management and Budget | Portman, Rob[26] | 2006–2007 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
cleanup czar | Special Assistant Attorney General (to investigate corruption) | Morris, Newbold[27] | 1952, fired after 63 days by Atty General for demanding records access; AG then forced to resign by President Truman | Attorney General appointed | Truman, HarryHarry Truman | |
cleanup czar | Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management, Department of Energy (nuclear cleanup) | Roberson, Jessie[28] | 2001–2004 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
cleanup czar | Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management, Department of Energy (nuclear cleanup) | Rispoli, James[29] | 2005–2008 | Sec. of Energy appointed, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
climate czar | Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary, President's Coordinator for Climate Change, Senior negotiator at Kyoto and Beuenos Aires negottiations | Todd D. Stern[30] | 1997–1999 | President appointed | Clinton, BillBill Clinton | |
climate czar | Special Envoy for Climate Change | Stern, Todd D.[31] | 2009 | Sec. of State appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
climate czar, energy czar, global warming czar | Assistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change | Browner, Carol[32] | 2009–2011 | (New position) | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
copyright czar | Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator | vacant; position approved but not filled during Bush administration[33] | 2009–present | (New position) | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
copyright czar | Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator | Espinel, Victoria[34] | 2009–present | (first at position) | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
communications czar | Counselor to the President, Special counselor to the President | Bartlett, Dan[35] | 2005–2007 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
compensation czar, Gulf claims czar, pay czar | Special Master for TARP Executive Compensation | Feinberg, Kenneth[36] | 2009–present | Sec. of Treasury appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
consumer czar | Special Advisor for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau | Warren, Elizabeth[37] | 2010–2011 | (New Position), President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
car czar | Chief domestic policy advisor and Director of the White House Domestic Policy Council | Reed, Bruce[38] | 1993–2001 | (New position), Exec order, President appointed | Clinton, BillBill Clinton | |
cyber security czar, cyber czar | Special Advisor to the President on Cybersecurity, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) | Clarke, Richard A.[39] | 2001 Oct–2003 Feb | (New position), President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
cyber security czar, cyber czar | Director, National Cybersecurity Center | Beckstrom, Rod[40] | 2008–2009 | (New position), Presidential directive, President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
cyber security czar, cyber czar | Director of the White House Office of Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity Coordinator | Hathaway, Melissa[41] | 2009 May–July, Acting czar ; resigned [42] | Office created May 31, 2009. | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
cyber security czar, cyber czar | Director of the White House Office of Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity Coordinator | Schmidt, Howard[43] | 2009–present | Office created May 31, 2009. | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
czar of censorship | Director, Office of Censorship | Price, Byron[44] | 1941–1945 | Exec Order, President appointed | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
czar of information | Director, Office of War Information | Davis, Elmer[45] | 1942–1945 | Exec order, President appointed | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
czar of Latin American affairs | Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs | Mann, Thomas C.[46] | 1964–1965 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Johnson, LyndonLyndon Johnson | ✓ |
democracy czar | Deputy National Security Advisor for Global Democracy Strategy | Abrams, Elliott[47] | 2005–2008 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
domestic czar | Special Assistant to the President, domestic policy aide | Califano, Joseph[48] | 1965–1969 | President appointed | Johnson, LyndonLyndon Johnson | |
domestic policy czar | Chief Domestic Policy Coordinator, Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to the President, White House Deputy Chief of Staff | Rove, Karl[49] | 2004–2006 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
domestic violence czar | Advisor to the President and the Vice President on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Issues | Rosenthal, Lynn[50] | 2009 | Vice President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
drug czar | Head of Drug programs, Special Action Office of Drug Abuse Prevention | Jaffe, Jerome[51] | 1971 | President appointed | Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon | |
drug czar | Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and head of the Narcotics Treatment Administration | DuPont, Robert | 1973–1978 | Ford, GeraldGerald Ford | ||
drug czar | Director of the White House Drug Abuse Policy (1982), Special Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse (1983), Member of Executive Board of the National Narcotics Border Interdiction System Cabinet Level (1983), Deputy Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse Policy (1985) | Turner, Carlton[52] | 1982–1988 | (New position), Exec order, President appointed | Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan | |
drug czar | Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy | Bennett, William J.[53] | 1989–1990 | (New position) created by Congress, President nominated, Senate Confirmed | Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush | ✓ |
drug czar | Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy | Martinez, Bob[54] | 1991–1993 | President nominated, Senate Confirmed | Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush | ✓ |
drug czar | Director, National Drug Control Policy | Brown, Lee P.[55] | 1993–1995 | President nominated, Senate Confirmed | Clinton, BillBill Clinton | ✓ |
drug czar | Director, National Drug Control Policy | McCaffrey, Barry[56] | 1996–2001 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Clinton, BillBill Clinton | ✓ |
drug czar | Director, National Drug Control Policy | Walters, John P.[57] | 2001–2009 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
drug czar | Director, National Drug Control Policy (cabinet rank removed) | Kerlikowske, R. Gil[58] | 2009–2014 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | ✓ |
drug czar | Director, National Drug Control Policy | Botticelli, Michael P.[59] | 2015–present | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | ✓ |
Ebola czar | Ebola Response Coordinator | Klain, Ron | 2014–present | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
e-commerce czar, e-czar | Executive Director, Electronic Commerce Working Group | Elizabeth Echols[60] | 1998–2000 | Vice President appointed | Clinton, BillBill Clinton | ✓ |
economic czar, economic czar of World War II | Director, Office of Economic Stabilization | Byrnes, James[61] | 1942–1943 | (New position), Exec order, President appointed | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
economic czar | Director, Office of Economic Stabilization | Vinson, Fred M.[62] | 1943–1945 | President appointed | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
economic czar | Director, Office of Economic Stabilization | Davis, William Hammatt[63] | 1945–1946 | President appointed | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
economic czar, big-picture economic czar | Chairman, Economic Recovery Advisory Board | Volcker, Paul A.[64] | 2009 | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
energy czar | Director of the Energy Policy Office | Love, John Arthur[65] | 1973 | (New position), Exec order, President appointed | Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon | |
energy czar | Federal Energy Office Administrator | Simon, William E[66] | 1973–1974 | President appointed | Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon | |
energy czar | Administrator, Federal Energy Administration | Sawhill, John[67] | 1974 | President appointed | Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon | |
energy czar | Administrator, Federal Energy Administration, Assistant to the President for Energy Affairs, Executive Director of Energy Resources Council | Zarb, Frank[68] | 1974–1977 | President appointed | Ford, GeraldGerald Ford | |
energy czar | Director, Department of Energy (cabinet-level position) | Schlesinger, James[69] | 1977–1979 | (New position), Legislation enacted, President nominated, Senate confirmed | Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter | ✓ |
ethics czar, transparency czar | special counsel to the president for ethics and government reform | Eisen, Norm[70] | 2009–2010 | (New position), Exec order, President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
ethics czar, transparency czar | White House Counsel | Bauer, Robert[71] | 2010–present | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
faith-based czar, faith czar | Director, White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives | DiIulio, John[72] | 2001–2002 | (New position), Exec order, President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
faith-based czar, faith czar | Director, White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives | Towey, Jim[73] | 2002–2006 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
faith-based czar, faith czar | Director, White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives | Hein, Jay[74] | 2006–2008 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
faith-based czar | Director of the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships | DuBois, Joshua[75] | 2009–2013 | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
faith-based czar | Director of the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships | Melissa Rogers[76] | 2013–present | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
food czar | Food Administrator and Secretary of Agriculture | Wickard, Claude[77] | 1942–1943 | Exec order | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
food czar | War Food Administrator | Davis, Chester C.[78] | 1943 | Exec order | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
food czar | War Food Administrator | Jones, Marvin[79] | 1943–1945 | Exec order | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
food czar | Chairman Citizens Food Committee | Luckman, Charles[80] | 1947 Sep–Nov | President appointed | Truman, HarryHarry Truman | |
food safety czar | Assistant Commissioner for Food Protection | Acheson, David W. K.[81] | 2007–2008 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
global AIDS czar | Coordinator of U.S. Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally with the rank of Ambassador | Tobias, Randall[82] | 2003–2006 | (New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
global AIDS czar | Coordinator of U.S.Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally, with the rank of Ambassador | Dybul, Mark[83] | 2006–2009 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
Great Lakes czar | Senior Advisor to the EPA Administrator | Davis, Cameron[84] | 2009–present | (New position) | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
green-jobs czar | Special Advisor for Green Jobs, Enterprise, and Innovation at the White House, Member of the White House Council on Environmental Quality | Jones, Van[85] | 2009 Apr–Sep | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
Guantanamo Base closure czar | US Department of State Special Envoy | Fried, Daniel[86] | 2009–present | Sec. of State appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
health care czar, technology czar, internet czar, e-czar | Senior Advisor for Policy Development | Magaziner, Ira,[87] | 1993–1998 | President appointed | Clinton, BillBill Clinton | |
health czar | Director of the White House Office of Health Reform and Counselor to the President | DeParle, Nancy-Ann[88] | 2009–present | Exec Order | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
health czar for the World Trade Center (WTC) | Special coordinator to respond to health effects of September 11 attacks, World Trade Center (WTC) Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program, also served as Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health | Howard, John[89] | 2006–2008 | President Appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
health IT czar | National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Department of Health and Human Services | Brailer, David J.[90] | 2004–2006 | (New position), Exec order, appointed by Sec. of HHS | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
health IT czar | National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Department of Health and Human Services | Blumenthal, Dr. David[91] | 2009 - | Exec order, appointed by Sec. of HHS | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
homeland security czar | Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism | Ridge, Tom[92] | 2001–2002 | (New position), Exec Order, President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
homeland security czar | Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security | Ridge, Tom[92] | 2003–2004 | (New position), Legislation enacted, President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
homeland security czar | Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security | Chertoff, Michael[93] | 2005–2009 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
homeless czar, homelessness czar | Executive Director, United States Interagency Council on Homelessness | Phil Mangano[94][95] | 2002–2008 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
housing czar | Housing Expediter in the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion | Wyatt, Wilson[96] | 1945–1946 | (New position), President appointed | Truman, HarryHarry Truman | |
Gulf Coast reconstruction czar, hurricane Katrina recovery czar | Federal Coordinator of Hurricane Katrina Recovery Effort | Powell, Donald E.[97] | 2005–2008 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
inflation czar, anti-inflation czar | Special Trade Representative, Chief U.S. trade negotiator | Strauss, Robert[98] | 1978 | President appointed | Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter | |
inflation czar | Advisor to the President, Chairman Council on Wage and Price Stability | Kahn, Alfred[99] | 1977–1980 | President appointed | Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter | |
information czar, infotech czar | Chief Information Officer at the White House | Kundra, Vivek[100] | 2009–2011 | (New position), created by statute, President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
information czar, infotech czar | Chief Information Officer at the White House | VanRoekel, Steven[101] | 2011–present | created by statute, President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
intelligence czar | Director of National Intelligence | Negroponte, John[102] | 2005–2007 | (New position), Congress mandated, President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
intelligence czar | Director of National Intelligence | McConnell, John Michael[103] | 2007–2009 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
intelligence czar | Director of National Intelligence | Blair, Dennis[104] | 2009–2010 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | ✓ |
Iran czar | Special Advisor for the Persian Gulf and Southwest Asia (which includes Iran) | Ross, Dennis[105] | 2009–present | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
manpower czar | Director, War Manpower Commission | McNutt, Paul V.[106] | 1942–1945 | Exec order | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
manufacturing czar | Assistant Secretary for manufacturing and services, U.S. Commerce Department | Frink, Albert[107] | 2004–2007 | (New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
manufacturing czar | Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Manufacturing and Services | Sutton, William G.[108] | 2007–2008 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
manufacturing czar | Senior Counselor for Manufacturing Policy | Bloom, Ron[15] | 2009–present | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
Middle East czar | Special Envoy for Middle East Peace | Mitchell, George[109] | 2009–present | Sec. of State appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
mine safety czar | Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health | Stickler, Richard[110] | 2006–2008 | Recess appointment—2 prior presidential nominations were rejected by the Senate | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
missile czar | Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Research and Development | Gardner, Trevor[111] | 1954–1956 | Sec. of Defense appointed, Senate confirmed | Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower | ✓ |
mobilization czar, civilian economy czar | Director, Office of Defense Mobilization | Wilson, Charles E.[112] | 1950–1952 | (New position), Exec order | Truman, HarryHarry Truman | |
oil czar | Petroleum Coordinator for National Defense, Secretary of the Interior | Ickes, Harold L.[113] | 1941–1946 | President nominated, Senate confirmed as Secy of Interior | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | ✓ |
patronage czar | Postmaster General Post Office Department, Cabinet-level position | Hannegan, Bob[114] | 1945–1947 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Truman, HarryHarry Truman | ✓ |
performance czar | United States Chief Performance Officer and Deputy Director for Management at the Office of Management and Budget | Zients, Jeffrey[115] | 2009–present | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | ✓ |
policy czar | Assistant to the President for Policy and Strategic Planning | Gerson, Michael[116] | 2005–2006 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
price czar | Administrator, Office of Price Administration | Henderson, Leon[117] | 1941–1942 | (New position), Exec order, President appointed | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
price czar | Administrator, Office of Price Administration | Brown, Prentiss Marsh[118] | 1942–1943 | President appointed | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
price czar | Administrator, Office of Price Administration | Bowles, Chester[119] | 1943–1946 | President appointed | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
price czar | Chairman of the Price Commission | Grayson, C. Jackson, Jr.[120] | 1971 | (New position), President appointed | Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon | |
production czar | Director, War Production Board | Nelson, Donald[121] | 1942–1944 | (New position), Exec order, President appointed | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
production czar | Director, War Production Board | Krug, Julius[122] | 1944–1945 | President appointed | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
public diplomacy czar | Special advisor to the President, Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs | Hughes, Karen[123] | 2005–2007 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
public diplomacy czar | Undersecretary of State for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy | Glassman, James[124] | 2008–2009 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
reading czar | President's Advisor on Reading First Initiative, Member of the President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education | Lyon, G. Reid[125] | 2001–2005 | President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
reconversion czar | Director of War Mobilization and Reconversion | Snyder, John[126] | 1945–1946 | President appointed | Truman, HarryHarry Truman | |
regulatory czar | Director of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs Office of Management and Budget | Graham, John D.[127] | 2001–2006 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
regulatory czar | Director of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs Office of Management and Budget | Dudley, Susan[128] | 2006–2009 | Recess appointment, nominee did not receive a Senate vote | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
regulatory czar | Director of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs Office of Management and Budget | Sunstein, Cass[129] | 2009–present | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | ✓ |
rubber czar | Rubber Director | Jeffers, Bill[130] | 1942–1943 | (New position), Exec order, appointed by Chairman of War Production Board | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
savings & loan czar | Director, Office of Thrift Supervision | Ryan, T. Timothy, Jr.[131] | 1990–1997 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush | ✓ |
science czar | Science Advisor to the President, Director, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy | Marburger, John[132] | 2001 Oct–2009 Jan | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
science czar | Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy | Holdren, John[133] | 2009–present | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | ✓ |
shipping czar | Administrator, War Shipping Administration | Land, Emory S.[134] | 1942–1946 | Exec order | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
stimulus accountability, stimulus oversight | Chairman, Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board | Devaney, Earl[135] | 2009 | (New position), created by statute, President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
technology czar, chief technology czar | Associate Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Chief Technology Officer (CTO), Assistant to the President | Chopra, Aneesh[136] | 2009–present | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | ✓ |
terrorism czar, counter-terrorism czar | National coordinator for security, infrastructure protection and counter-terrorism, member of National Security Council, cabinet-level position | Clarke, Richard A.[137] | 1998 May–2001 Jan | President appointed | Clinton, BillBill Clinton | |
terrorism czar | National coordinator for security, infrastructure protection and counter-terrorism, cabinet level rank removed | Clarke, Richard A.[138] | 2001 Jan–Oct | (Held over from prior administration) President Clinton appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
terrorism czar, counterterrorism czar | National Director for Combating Terrorism, Deputy National Security Advisor | Downing, Wayne[139] | 2001 Nov–2002 Jun | (New position), President appointed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | |
terrorism czar | Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism | Brennan, John O.[140] | 2009 | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
trade czar | Senior Policy Advisor in the White House on behalf of the United States Trade Representative. | Mary Ryckman | 2012 | Appointed by USTR Michael Froman in 2012[141] She also represents the USTR on the President's Council on Women and Girls.[142] | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
transportation czar | Director, Office of Defense Transportation | Eastman, Joseph Bartlett[143] | 1941–1944 | (New position), Exec order, President appointed | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
transportation czar | Director, Office of Defense Transportation | Johnson, J. Monroe[144] | 1944–1949 | President appointed | Roosevelt, FranklinFranklin Roosevelt | |
urban affairs czar | Director of the White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy | Carrion, Adolfo[145] | 2009–2010 | Exec Order, President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
war czar | Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Iraq and Afghanistan | Lute, Douglas[146] | 2007–present | (New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed | Bush, George W.George W. Bush | ✓ |
war czar | Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Iraq and Afghanistan | Lute, Douglas[146] | 2007–present | (Held over from prior administration) President Bush nominated, Senate confirmed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | ✓ |
weapons czar | Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (AT&L) | Carter, Ashton[147] | 2009 | President nominated, Senate confirmed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | ✓ |
weapons of mass destruction czar, nonproliferation czar | Special Assistant to the President and White House Coordinator for Arms Control and Weapons of Mass Destruction, Proliferation, and Terrorism | Samore, Gary[148] | 2009–2013 | President appointed | Obama, BarackBarack Obama | |
weatherization czar | Program Manager, Office of Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program, U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) | Sperling, Gil[149] | 2008–present | Career incumbent, retained from George W. Bush administration | Bush, George W.George W. Bush, Obama, BarackBarack Obama |
See also
References
- ↑ "Morality Gets a Message", The Nation, May 10. 2007. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1330-109, confirmed Mar 29. 2009. PN603-110, resigned May 2007.
- ↑ Kondracke, Morton. "Pakistan Must Be Obama's Leading Foreign Priority", Roll Call, Mar 13, 2009, archived by WebCite. Holland, Steve. "Obama fashions a government of many czars", Reuters, May 29, 2009, Archived by WebCite. Obama, BarackBarack Obama. "Remarks on US Military and Diplomatic Strategies for Afghanistan and Pakistan", US Govt Printing Office, Mar 27, 2009.
- ↑ Jehl, Douglas."Ex-Washington State Official to Get AIDS Post", The New York Times, Jun 25, 1993. Hunter, Elizabeth. "Kristine M. Gebbie, former AIDS czar", The Lutheran, Sep 2001.
- ↑ Hilts, Philip J. "Clinton Picks New Director of AIDS Policy", The New York Times, Nov 11, 1994. American Presidency Project, Announcing Patsy Fleming as National AIDS Policy Director, Nov 19, 1994. Announcing Sandra L. Thurman as Director, Apr 7, 1997.
- ↑ Staff biography, "Sandra Thurman", Office of National AIDS Policy, Apr 1997. American Presidency Project, Press briefing, presidential envoy for AIDS cooperation, Aug 27, 2000.
- ↑ Office of Press Secretary. "President Bush Announces Evertz to be the Director of the Office National AIDS Policy",GeorgeWBushWhiteHouse.gov Apr 9, 2001. Lochead, Carolyn."Bush's AIDS czar departing for post with global focus", San Francisco Chronicle, Jul 19, 2002
- ↑ Office of Press Secretary."President Bush Announced Dr. Joseph O'Neill to be Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy ", GeorgeWBushWhiteHouse.gov, Jul 19, 2002. "'AIDS czar' position unfilled since February", Washington Blade, Sep 15, 2006
- ↑ Chibbaro, Lou Jr. "White House mum on AIDS director post: 'AIDS czar' position unfilled since February", Washington Blade, Sep 15, 2006 accessed Aug 30, 2009
- ↑ Office of the Press Secretary."President Obama Selects Health Policy Expert to Head Office of National AIDS Policy", "WhiteHouse.gov", Feb 26, 2009. 'The activists' wish list, the new AIDS czar, Jeffrey Crowley", Advocate, May 1, 2009.
- ↑ "LA Times".
- ↑ Steinmetz, Katy. "White House AIDS Czar Steps Down". TIME.com. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
- ↑ Evans and Novak. "Numerous Pitfalls Face Move to Fight Poverty", The Free Lance Star, Oct 25, 1965. "Poverty and now justice", Time, May 6, 1966. "Williams v. Phillips, US Ct of Appeals, DC Cir, 1973.
- ↑ Evans and Novak. "U.S. names Asian Carp Czar", Chicago Tribune/WGN, Sept. 8, 2010.
- ↑ AFP. "Rattner tapped as Treasury's advisor for US auto sector", Feb 23, 2009. Thomas, Ken, A.P. "Rattner to advise Treasury on auto industry" salon.com, Feb 23, 2009. King, Neil, Jr. "Auto czar quits post six months into the job", Wall St. Journal, Jul 14, 2009.
- 1 2 Allen, Mike. "Obama parks 'car czar' plan" Politico, Feb 16, 2009. Brown, Carrie Budoff. "Car czar decision has critics revved up", Politico, Feb 17, 2009.
- ↑ AP."Ed Montgomery, auto recovery czar, asked to help auto suppliers",Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 26, 2009 "Archived by WebCite. "Univ of MD Dean Appointed", Mar 30, 2009. Luhby, Tami."Obama taps czar to help autoworkers",CNN, Mar 30, 2009, "Archived by WebCite".
- ↑ Kall, Rob. "Meet the $700 Billion Bailout Czar, Neel Kashkari",Huffington Post, Sep 6, 2008, Archived by WebCite. Horowitz, Jed. "TARP Czar: AIG bailout isn't start of larger program", Investment News, Nov 10, 2008, "Archived by WebCite". Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1044-110, nominated Nov 15, 2007, confirmed Jun 27, 2008.
- ↑ Andres, Gary and Griffin, Patrick "Using czars in W.H. to focus on policy", Politico, Apr 27, 2009. Press office. "Herbert M. Allison, Jr. Confirmed as Assistant Secretary for Financial Stability", U.S. Department of Treasury, Jun 19, 2009. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN390-111, confirmed Jun 19, 2009.
- ↑ Gillespie, Nick. "Leon Kass' bioethics homework assignment", Slate Magazine, Jan 18, 2002. Allen, Arthur. "The bioethics czar's new right-hand man is passionately opposed to abortion, public schools, federal taxes and Democrats", Salon.com, Nov 30, 2001. Weiss, Rick. "Bioethics Council Head to Step Down",Washington Post, Sep 9, 2005.
- ↑ Lovley, Erika. "Czar (n): An insult; a problem-solver", Politico, Oct 21, 2008, archived by WebCite. Office of Press Secretary "Personnel Announcement ", Apr 8, 2004.
- ↑ Schaeffer, Amanda. "The Family Un-Planner, The Bush administration's crazy new HHS appointment", Slate Magazine, Nov 21, 2006. Lloyd, Carol. "Pharmacy protects women from contraception.", Salon.com, May 31, 2007. Estes, Andrea."Doctor who quit US post was warned by state", Boston Globe, Apr 7, 2007.
- ↑ Ellingwood, Ken. "'Border Czar' Ends a Highly Visible Reign", Los Angeles Times, Jun 28, 1998.
- ↑ "Secretary Napolitano Appoints Alan Bersin", U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Apr 15, 2009. Dibble, Sandra. "Bersin to focus on violence in 2nd tour as border czar", Union-Tribune, Apr 16, 2009. Not a new position, no Senate confirm required. 2008 Plum Book, p. 79, GPOAccess.gov.
- ↑ Walczak, Lee "Q&A with the OMB's Mitch Daniels Bush's budget czar talks about the $1.35 trillion tax cut plan", Business Week Online Extra, May 21, 2001, Archived by WebCite. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN101-107 Confirmed Jan 23, 2001, PN682-108, resigned Jun 3, 2003
- ↑ Gleckman, Howard. "A Chat with Bush's Budget Czar", BusinessWeek.com, September 6, 2004. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN682-108, confirmed Jun 26, 2003. PN1484-109 successor confirmed May 26, 2006.
- ↑ Platt, Gordon. "Bush's new budget czar pledges to tackle US deficit", Global Finance, May 2006. Abramowitz, Michael. "Bush Names Ex-Rep. Nussle Budget Chief Portman to Leave In August", Washington Post, Jun 20, 2007.
- ↑ AP. "Truman Announces McGrath's Resignation Few Hours After Attorney General Fires Morris", Ellenburg Daily Record, Apr 3, 1952 accessed Sep 1, 2009
- ↑ Cary, Annette. DOE cleanup czar to visit Richland, Wash, nuclear reservation, Tri-City Herald, Nov 9, 2004. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN362-107, confirmed Jul 12, 2001. PN521-109, successor confirmed Jul 29, 2005.
- ↑ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN521-109, confirmed Jul 29, 2005. Hot topics."Rispoli Resigning As DOE Cleanup-Czar" Energy Daily, Nov 6, 2008
- ↑ Cushman, John H. "Clinton Hones Sales Pitch On Global Warming Pact", Oct 4, 1997. American Presidency Project. "Press Briefing", Oct 3, 1997. American Presidency Project."Press Briefing by Todd Stern, President's Coordinator for Climate Change", Jun 3, 1999.
- ↑ Franke-Ruta, Garance."Stern Appointed Climate Change Envoy", Washington Post, Jan 26, 2009. Allen, Mike."Secretary Clinton names climate czar", Politico, Jan 26, 2009, Archived by WebCite.
- ↑ American Presidency Project President-Elect Barack Obama Announces Key Members of Energy and Environment Team, December 15, 2008. Dinan, Stephen. Obama climate czar has socialist ties, Washington Times, Jan 12, 2009, archived by WebCite. Romero, Frances. "Energy Czar: Carol Browner", Time, Apr 8, 2009.
- ↑ Albanesius, Chloe President Bush Approves 'Copyright Czar' Bill, October 13, 2008.
- ↑ Albanesius, Chloe President Bush Approves 'Copyright Czar' Bill, October 13, 2008. Kravets, David. Obama Appoints Scholar as New Copyright Czar, PC Magazine, September 25, 2009.
- ↑ Laidlaw, Scott."Congress wants answers on Tillman death", USA Today, Jul 24, 2007. "Former Presidential Counselor Dan Bartlett To Join LBJ School Faculty", Univ of Texas At Austin, Jan 20, 2009.
- ↑ Jaffee, Matthew "Obama's New Special Master: Don't Call Him 'Pay Czar'", Jun 11, 2009. Press release. "Interim Final Rule on TARP Standards for Compensation", Treasury.gov"Gulf claims czar briefing the Hill", July 22, 2010. Politico
- ↑ Cha, Ariana Eunjung "Elizabeth Warren appointed White House 'consumer czar'", September 17, 2010. Washington Post "Consumer Czar Warren Sees Transparency in Banking as Top Priority", Oct. 5, 2010. PBS. David Lazarus "Consumer czar needs to get tough with banks", Oct 1, 2010. Los Angeles Times
- ↑ Von Drehle, David. "Saying No to a Car Czar: A Smart First Step on Detroit", Time, Feb 17, 2009. DLC biography. "Bruce Reed", "DLC.org", Jul 27, 2009. Marcus, Ruth. "Belatedly, White House Forms Domestic Policy Unit", Washington Post, Aug 19, 1993. American Presidency Project. "Executive Order 12859 - Establishment of the Domestic Policy Council" Aug 16, 1993
- ↑ "President Bush Announces Ten People to Serve in his Administration", October 19, 2001--"Clarke was recently named Special Advisor to the President for Cyber Space Security and was previously the National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection and Counter-terrorism on the National Security Council". Features."Bush's Cybersecurity Czar?", Digital Government Research OnLine, ISI.edu, Dec 2001. Anderson, Kevin."US names cyber-terrorism czar", BBCNews.com, Oct 10, 2001. AP. "U.S. Cybersecurity Czar to Resign", Wired, Jan 28, 2003.
- ↑ "Senior Leadership The First Five Years: 2003–2008", Dept of Homeland Security, History Office, September 2008,DHS.gov, p. 29. "On January 8, 2008, President George W. Bush issued Homeland Security Presidential Directive 23 (HSPD-23), creating the National Cyber Security Center (NCSC), led by a director... Rod Beckstrom (appointed) March 7, 2008." Shachtman, Noah. "Cyber-Security Czar Quits Amid Fears of NSA Takeover", Mar 6, 2009, archived by WebCite.
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- ↑ Gorman, Siobhan (2009-08-04). "Security Cyber Czar Steps Down - WSJ.com". Online.wsj.com. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
- ↑ ,'Information Week', May 27, 2010.
- ↑ "FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943. American Presidency Project. Exec order establishing the office, Exec order terminating the office.
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- ↑ Crowley, Michael. "Elliott Abrams, From Iran-Contra to Bush's democracy czar". Slate Magazine, Feb 17, 2005. Office of Press Secretary. Personnel announcement, Feb 2, 2005. Office of Press Secretary "Deputy Press Secretary Abrams Aboard Air Force One En Route to Jerusalem", May 14, 2008
- ↑ Sidey, Hugh."THE PRESIDENCY: Misusing the White House Machine", Time, Aug 13, 1973."Joseph Califano", Bio."Joseph A. Califano, Jr."Citizen's Commission to Protect the Truth, accessed Aug 30, 2009.
- ↑ Meyerson, Harold. "Rove's Blind Spot", Washington Post, Aug 15, 2007 Benen, Steve. "When you wish upon a czar", Washington Monthly, Jul 11, 2009.
- ↑ "Vice President Biden Announces", WhiteHouse.gov, Jun 26, 2009. Works out of the Office of the Vice President Erbe, Bonnie. "Obama's Endless Czar List Now Includes a Domestic Violence Aide", U.S. News blogs, Jun 29, 2009, Archived by WebCite.
- ↑ Frontline Drug Wars. "Interview Dr. Jerome Jaffe", PBS.org. Shuit, Douglas. "Former U.S. Drug Officials Admit Policy Oversights, Los Angeles Times, Sep 2, 1994, Archived by WebCite.
- ↑ American Presidency Project. Remarks on Signing Executive Order 12368, Concerning Federal Drug Abuse Policy Functions", Jun 24, 1982. "Appointment of Carlton E. Turner", Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Archives, Mar 12, 1985.
- ↑ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN141-101, confirmed Mar 9, 1989. "The Drug Czar's Coherent Legacy - The New York Times", New York Times Nov 11, 1990.
- ↑ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN65-102, confirmed Mar 21, 1991, successor nominated Jun, 1993.
- ↑ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN361-103, confirmed Senate Jun 16, 1993.
- ↑ Ostrow, Ronald. "Swift Approval Seen for Drug Czar", LA Times, Feb 26, 1996. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN840-104, confirmed Feb 29, 1996.
- ↑ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN965-107, confirmed Dec 5, 2001. Kraul, Chris. "U.S. drug czar points finger at Chavez", Los Angeles Times, Jan 21, 2008.
- ↑ Cook, Dave. "New drug czar gets lower rank, promise of higher visibility", The Christian Science Monitor, Mar 11, 2009. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN185-111, confirmed May 7, 2009.
- ↑ "Michael Botticelli". The White House. Retrieved 2016-06-05.
- ↑ "Vice President Names Elizabeth Echols as Executive Director of Electronic Commerce Working Group". U.S. Newswire. August 6, 1998. Shane Thacker (August 25, 1998). "Echols named e-commerce czar; other Internet issues announced". PNN Online. Richard S. Dunham (November 3, 1999). "She's Weaving Web Policy from the West Wing". Business Week.
- ↑ "U.S. At War: Trouble Ahead"Time, Feb 15, 1943. "FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943. "US At War: Men Around Byrnes", Time, Oct 19, 1942. American Presidency Project. Exec order establishing the office Oct 3, 1942.
- ↑ St. Clair, James and Gugin, Linda. "Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson of Kentucky: a political biography", Univ Press of Kentucky, 2002, p. xii.
- ↑ "FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943. "US At War: Men Around Byrnes", Oct 19, 1942. American Presidency Project. Exec order establishing the office, Oct 3, 1942.
- ↑ Hamburger, Tom and Parsons, Christi. "President Obama's czar system concerns some", Los Angeles Times, Mar 5, 2009. Coile, Zachary. "Obama's big task: managing the best, brightest", San Francisco Chronicle, Jan 11, 2009.
- ↑ Lovley, Erika. "Czar (n): An insult; a problem-solver", Politico, Oct 21, 2008. Energy Policy Office, Nixon Presidential Library
- ↑ Mufson, Steven and Heath, Thomas. "Wanted: Crisis Manager in Chief, A Key Challenge in Auto Bailout Is Finding 'Czar' to Oversee Change", Washington Post, Dec 10, 2008. "Energy Timeline", Energy.gov
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- ↑ Quint, Michael." Profile, Frank G. Zarb His Formula", New York Times, Mar 28, 1993. NPR Interview."Frank Zarb CEO of the National Association of Securities Dealers", NPR.com, Jun 13, 2000.
- ↑ "Schlesinger's Czardom Takes Shape", Time, Mar. 07, 1977. "Carter's Great Purge" Jul 30, 1979.
- ↑ "Norm Eisen Gets Ambassador Gig Leaving White House 'Ethics Czar' Post Vacant", The Huffington Post, June 29, 2010 "Timothy P. Carney: Obama closes curtain on transparency", The Examiner, August 12, 2010.
- ↑ "Timothy P. Carney: Obama closes curtain on transparency", The Examiner, August 12, 2010.
- ↑ American Presidency Project. " Remarks on Signing Executive Orders With Respect to Faith-Based and Community Initiatives", Conn, Joseph. "Religious Right, Politics Have Undue Influence At White House, Ex-Faith Czar DiIulio Charges", Church & State, Jan, 2003.
- ↑ Faith Czar Towey blasts 'militant secularism' at Catholic men's event", Church & State, Mar 2005, "Archived by Webcite". "President names Towey as Director of the Faith-Based & Community Initiatives", Feb 1, 2002. Jim Towey Whitehouse Bio.
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- ↑ Boorstein, Michelle; Shear, Michael D. "DuBois, 26, to Head Faith Office", Washington Post, Jan 29, 2009. Goldstein, Laurie. "Leaders Say Obama Has Tapped Pastor for Outreach Office", The New York Times, Jan 28, 2009.Mason, Julie. "Obama focuses more on issue czars, less on Cabinet", San Francisco Examiner, Apr 21, 2009.
- ↑ Weiner, Rachel. "Melissa Rogers promises continuity in faith-based office", Washington Post, Mar 22, 2013.
- ↑ American Presidency ProjectExecutive Order 9280 Delegating Authority Over the Food Program to the Secretary of Agriculture, Dec 5, 1942. "FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943."U.S. At War: Trouble Ahead"Time, Feb 15, 1943.
- ↑ War Food Administration established by Exec Order 9334 on Apr 19, 1943. American Presidency Project Exec order terminating office "FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943. American Presidency Project."Exec Order on Prices and Wages", Apr 8, 1943. "Letter of Resignation from Chester C. Davis, War Food Administrator", Jun 28, 1943.
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- ↑ Epstein, Edward. Retired drug company executive named global AIDS czar, San Francisco Chronicle, Jul 3, 2003, archived by WebCite. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN932-108, confirmed Oct 3, 2003. Enter search PN1815-109, successor nominated Jul 18, 2006.
- ↑ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1815-109, Confirmed Aug 3, 2006. McNeil, Donald. "Mystery, controversy dog AIDS czar transition", San Francisco Chronicle, Jan 31, 2009
- ↑ Flesher, John, A.P. EPA appoints Great Lakes cleanup czar, Jun 4, 2009. Archived by WebCite.
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- ↑ Rosenberg, Carol. "Fried named as Guantanamo Closure Czar", The State, May 13, 2009.
- ↑ Pear, Robert.Washington at Work; An Idealist's New Task: To Revamp Health Care Feb 26, 1993. Solomon, Jolie. "For Magaziner, Reform Is The Road To Paradise", Newsweek, Sep 20, 1993.
Maria Seminerio (December 1, 1998). "US Report: US to spur third-world e-commerce". ZDNet.
"White House Rejects Call to Can Internet Czar". Wired News. December 29, 1997.
Richard S. Dunham (Nev 3, 1999). "She's Weaving Web Policy from the West Wing". Business Week. Check date values in:
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(help) - ↑ Office of Press Secretary. Executive Order, Establishment of the White House Office of Health Reform, WhiteHouse.gov, Apr 8, 2009. Brown, Carrie Budoff. Obama taps DeParle as health czar, Politico, Mar 2, 2009.
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- ↑ "Obama's Electronic Health Records Czar: HIV Status and Abortions Need Not be Included ", "CNS News, July 21, 2010.
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- ↑ "Phil Magano" The Bush administration's homeless czar talks, LA Times, Oct 4, 2007. Appointed in Mar 2002, UniverCity Connections, Phil Magano biography. Participated in 2008 study as Director of ICH, Philip Magano Commencement Address, Apr 2009.
- ↑ Swope, Christopler, "PUBLIC OFFICIALS of the YEAR: Philip Mangano,2006 HONOREE, Executive Director, U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness", Governing magazine, 2006
- ↑ Pearson, Drew. "The Daily Washington Merry-Go-Round, Rooking War Veterans", Prescott Evening Courier, Apr 13, 1946. American Presidency Project. "Letter to Wilson Wyatt Appointing Him Housing Expediter", Dec 12, 1945. American Presidency Project. "Letter Accepting Resignation of Wilson Wyatt as Housing Expediter" Dec 4, 1946.
- ↑ Seabrook, Andrea."What's With This 'Czar' Talk?", NPR, May 16, 2007. Hsu, Spencer."A Bush Loyalist Tackles Katrina Recovery", Washington Post, Nov 20, 2005. Wald, Matthew L. "Bush’s Czar to Rebuild Gulf Coast Is Resigning", New York Times, Mar 1, 2008.
- ↑ Time, Apr 24, 1978. Loeb, Marshall. "What Might Have Been",Time, Nov 6, 1978. Glassman, James K. Close, But No Big Czar, ReasonOnLine.com, Dec 18, 2000.
- ↑ "Inflation Czar Will Take Apart His Title", Cornell Chronicle, Jul 14, 1983.
- ↑ Thomas LOC. E Government Act, 2002. President Obama Names Vivek Kundra,WhiteHouse.gov, Mar 9, 2009. Carpenter, Amanda. "Hot Button", Washington Times, Jun 15, 2009, archived by WebCite.
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/04/technology/white-house-picks-new-information-chief.html
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- ↑ Eisler, Peter. "Obama's choice of Blair as intelligence czar covers bases", USA Today, Jan 8, 2009. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN65-01-111, confirmed, Jan 28, 2009.
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- ↑ Bureaus reporting directly to the Secretary. "Special Envoy for Middle East Peace", State.gov. Fletcher, Michael A. and Dennis, Brady.Obama's Many Policy 'Czars' Draw Ire From Conservatives, Washington Post, Sep 16, 2009.
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- ↑ Pearson, Drew. "Truman's First 6 Months Good President Needs To Watch Friends", St. Petersburg Times, Oct 12, 1945, p. 6. "Oral History Interviews with John W. Snyder", TrumanLibrary.org
- ↑ "Regulations Czar Prefers New Path",New York Times, Mar 21, 2001. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN213-107 confirmed Jul 19, 2001, PN1875-109, successor nominated, Aug 1, 2006.
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- ↑ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN323-111, confirmed Sep 9, 2009. Weisman, Jonathan and Bravin Jess. Obama's Regulatory Czar Likely to Set a New Tone, Wall Street Journal, Jan 8, 2009.
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- ↑ "People - Ryan in Wings as Savings and Loan Czar", Los Angeles Times, Mar 9, 1990. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1161-101, confirmed, PN196-105 successor nominated.
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- ↑ Summary of the September 13, 2012 Meeting of the Board Of Directors of the Millennium Challenge Corporation, from the MCC.gov website
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