List of alloys
This is a list of named alloys grouped alphabetically by base metal. Within these headings, the alloys are also grouped alphabetically. Some of the main alloying elements are optionally listed after the alloy names.
Alloys by base metal
Aluminium
Main articles: Aluminium and Aluminium alloy
Aluminium also forms complex metallic alloys, like β–Al–Mg, ξ'–Al–Pd–Mn, T–Al3Mn
- AA-8000: used for electrical building wire in the U.S. per the National Electrical Code, replacing AA-1350.[1]
- Al–Li (2.45% lithium): aerospace applications, including the Space Shuttle
- Alnico (nickel, cobalt): used for permanent magnets
- Birmabright (magnesium, manganese): used in Land Rover bodies
- Duralumin (copper)
- Hiduminium or R.R. alloys (2% copper, iron, nickel): used in aircraft pistons
- Hydronalium (up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion
- Italma (3.5% magnesium, 0.3% manganese): formerly used to make coinage of the Italian lira
- Kryron
- Magnalium (5-50% magnesium): used in airplane bodies, ladders, pyrotechnics, etc.
- Nambé (aluminium plus seven other undisclosed metals), serveware, exclusively from the one manufacturer
- Scandium–aluminium (scandium)
- Y alloy (4% copper, nickel, magnesium):
Bismuth
Main article: Bismuth
- Bismanol (manganese); magnetic alloy from the 1950s using powder metallurgy
- Cerrosafe (lead, tin, cadmium)
- Rose metal (lead, tin)
- Wood's metal (lead, tin, cadmium)
Chromium
Main article: Chromium
- Chromium hydride (hydrogen)
- Nichrome (nickel)
Cobalt
Main article: Cobalt
- Megallium
- Stellite (chromium, tungsten, carbon)
- Ultimet (chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, tungsten) [2]
- Vitallium
Copper
Main articles: Copper and Copper alloys
- Arsenical copper
- Beryllium copper (beryllium)
- Billon (silver)
- Brass (zinc) see also Brass §Brass types for longer list
- Calamine brass (zinc)
- Chinese silver (zinc)
- Dutch metal (zinc)
- Gilding metal (zinc)
- Muntz metal (zinc)
- Pinchbeck (zinc)
- Prince's metal (zinc)
- Tombac (zinc)
- Bronze (tin, aluminium or other element)
- Aluminium bronze (aluminium)
- Arsenical bronze
- Bell metal (tin)
- Florentine bronze (aluminium or tin)
- Glucydur (beryllium, iron)
- Guanín
- Gunmetal (tin, zinc)
- Phosphor bronze (tin and phosphorus)
- Ormolu (Gilt Bronze) (zinc)
- Speculum metal (tin)
- Constantan (nickel)
- Copper hydride (hydrogen)
- Copper–tungsten (tungsten)
- Corinthian bronze (gold, silver)
- Cunife (nickel, iron)
- Cupronickel (nickel)
- Cymbal alloys (Bell metal) (tin)
- Devarda's alloy (aluminium, zinc)
- Electrum (gold, silver)
- Hepatizon (gold, silver)
- Manganin (manganese, nickel)
- Melchior (nickel); high corrosion resistance, used in marine applications in condenser tubes
- Molybdochalkos (lead)
- Nickel silver (nickel)
- Nordic gold (aluminium, zinc, tin)
- Shakudo (gold)
- Tumbaga (gold)
Gallium
Main article: Gallium
Gold
Main article: Gold
- See also notes below[note 1]
- Colored gold (silver, copper)
- Crown gold (silver, copper)
- Electrum (silver, copper)
- Rhodite (rhodium)
- Rose gold (copper)
- Tumbaga (copper)
- White gold (nickel, palladium)
Indium
Main article: Indium
- Field's metal (bismuth, tin)
Iron
Main article: Iron
- Elinvar (nickel, chromium)
- Fernico (nickel, cobalt)
- Ferroalloys (Category:Ferroalloys)
- Ferroboron
- Ferrocerium
- Ferrochrome
- Ferromagnesium
- Ferromanganese
- Ferromolybdenum
- Ferronickel
- Ferrophosphorus
- Ferrosilicon
- Ferrotitanium
- Ferrouranium
- Ferrovanadium
- Invar (nickel)
- Iron hydride (hydrogen)
- Kanthal (alloy) (20–30% chromium, 4–7.5% aluminium); used in heating elements, including e-cigarettes
- Kovar (nickel, cobalt)
- Spiegeleisen (manganese, carbon, silicon)
- Staballoy (stainless steel) (managanese, chromium, carbon) - see also #Alloys of uranium below
- Steel (carbon) (Category:Steels)
- Bulat steel
- Chromoly (chromium, molybdenum)
- Crucible steel
- Damascus steel
- Hadfield steel
- High speed steel
- HSLA steel
- Maraging steel
- Reynolds 531
- Silicon steel (silicon)
- Spring steel
- Stainless steel (chromium, nickel)
- Tool steel (tungsten or manganese)
- Silver steel (US:Drill rod) (manganese, chromium, silicon)
- Weathering steel ('Cor-ten') (silicon, manganese, chromium, copper, vanadium, nickel)
- Wootz steel
Lead
Main article: Lead
- Molybdochalkos (copper)
- Solder (tin)
- Terne (tin)
- Type metal (tin, antimony)
Magnesium
Main article: Magnesium
- Elektron
- Magnox (0.8% aluminium, 0.004% beryllium); used in nuclear reactors
- T-Mg–Al–Zn (Bergman phase) is a complex metallic alloy
Mercury
Main article: Mercury (element)
Nickel
Main article: Nickel
- Category: Nickel alloys
- Alnico (aluminium, cobalt); used in magnets
- Alumel (manganese, aluminium, silicon)
- Brightray (20% chromium, iron, rare earths); originally for hard-facing valve seats
- Chromel (chromium)
- Cupronickel (bronze, copper)
- Ferronickel (iron)
- German silver (copper, zinc)
- Hastelloy (molybdenum, chromium, sometimes tungsten)
- Inconel (chromium, iron)
- Monel metal (copper, iron, manganese)
- Nichrome (chromium)
- Nickel-carbon (carbon)
- Nicrosil (chromium, silicon, magnesium)
- Nisil (silicon)
- Nitinol (titanium, shape memory alloy)
- Magnetically "soft" alloys
Plutonium
Main article: Plutonium
- Plutonium–aluminium
- Plutonium–cerium
- Plutonium–cerium–cobalt
- Plutonium–gallium (gallium)
- Plutonium–gallium–cobalt
- Plutonium–zirconium
Potassium
Main article: Potassium
Rare Earths
Main article: Rare earth element
- Mischmetal (various rare earth elements)
- Terfenol-D (terbium, dysprosium, and iron), a highly magnetostrictive alloy used in portable speakers such as the SoundBug device
Rhodium
- Pseudo palladium (rhodium–silver alloy)
Samarium
SmCo (cobalt); used for permanent magnets in guitar pickups, headphones, satellite transponders, etc.
Scandium
Silver
Main article: Silver
- Argentium sterling silver (copper, germanium)
- Billon
- Britannia silver (copper)
- Doré bullion (gold)
- Electrum (gold)
- Goloid (copper, gold)
- Platinum sterling (platinum)
- Shibuichi (copper)
- Sterling silver (copper)
- Tibetan silver (copper)
Sodium
Titanium
Main article: Titanium
- 6al–4v (aluminium, vanadium)
- Beta C (vanadium, chromium, others)
- Gum metal (niobium, tantalum, zirconium, oxygen); used in spectacle frames, precision screws etc.
- Titanium hydride (hydrogen)
- Titanium nitride (nitrogen)
- Titanium gold (gold)
Tin
Main article: Tin
- Babbitt (copper, antimony, lead; used for bearing surfaces)[3]
- Britannium (copper, antimony)
- Pewter (antimony, copper)
- Solder (lead, antimony)
- Terne (lead)
- White metal, (copper or lead); used as base metal for plating, in bearings, etc.
Uranium
Main article: Uranium
- Staballoy (depleted uranium with other metals, usually titanium or molybdenum). See also #Alloys of iron above for Staballoy (stainless steel).
- Uranium hydride (hydrogen)
Zinc
Main article: Zinc
- Zamak (aluminium, magnesium, copper)
- Electroplated zinc alloys
Zirconium
Main article: Zirconium
See also
- List of named alloys
- List of brazing alloys
- Complex metallic alloys
- Heusler alloy, a range of ferromagnetic alloys (66% copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel or palladium)
- Intermetallic compounds
- Pot metal; inexpensive casting metal of non-specific composition
Notes
- ↑ The purity of gold alloys is expressed in karats, (UK: carats) which indicates the ratio of the minimum amount of gold (by mass) over 24 parts total. 24 karat gold is fine gold (24/24 parts), and the engineering standard is that it be applied to alloys that have been refined to 99.9% or better purity ("3 nines fine"). There are, however, places in the world that allow the claim of 24kt. to alloys with as little as 99.0% gold ("2 nines fine" or "point nine-nine fine). An alloy which is 14 parts gold to 10 parts alloy is 14 karat gold, 18 parts gold to 6 parts alloy is 18 karat, etc. This is becoming more commonly and more precisely expressed as a decimal fraction, i.e.: 14/24 equals .585 (rounded off), and 18/24 is .750 ("seven-fifty fine"). There are hundreds of possible alloys and mixtures possible, but in general the addition of silver will color gold green, and the addition of copper will color it red. A mix of around 50/50 copper and silver gives the range of yellow gold alloys the public is accustomed to seeing in the marketplace.
References
- ↑ Hunter, Christel (2006). Aluminum Building Wire Installation and Terminations, IAEI News, January–February 2006. Richardson, TX: International Association of Electrical Inspectors.
- ↑ "Ultimet® alloy - Nominal Composition". Haynes International. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
- ↑ "Tin Based Alloys". Mayer Alloys.
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