List of Caliphs

Khalīfah (Caliph) خَليفة
Calligraphic of Abū Bakr as-Șiddīq, the first caliph
Style	Amir al-Mu'minin
Residence	al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah (Medina) al-Kūfah (Kufa) Dimashq (Damascus) Baġdād (Baghdad) Qāhirah (Cairo) Qustantiniyye (Constantinople)
Precursor	Muhammad as Islamic prophet
Formation	8 June 632
First holder	Abū Bakr as-Șiddīq
Final holder	Abdülmecid II
Abolished	3 March 1924

This is a list of people who have held the title of Caliph, the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, as the political successors to Muhammad. All years are according to the Common Era.

History of the title

Due to the First Fitna which led to the sectarian division of Sunni vs. Shia Islam, the succession of Muhammad is disputed within Islam.

The only two caliphs recognized in both Sunni and mainstream Shia Islam are Ali ibn Abi Talib and Hasan ibn Ali, considered the fourth and fifth or the first two, respectively. However the oldest sect of Shia Islam, the Zaidiyyah sect, does recognise the caliphate of the first two caliphs of Islam Abu bakr and Umar ibn al Khattab.

The Hadith of the Twelve Successors states that after Muhammad there will only be twelve caliphs, all of them from the Quraysh tribe, and that there would be impostor caliphs to guard against, and that after the last of the twelve caliphs, the earth will be swallowed.

Within Sunni Islam, there were universally recognized or "ecumenical" caliphs from the 7th century until the 13th-century Mongol sack of Baghdad, a period comprising the so-called Islamic Golden Age. After the death of Al-Musta'sim, last Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad, in 1258, there were no universally recognized caliphs until 1517, when Ottoman sultan Selim I induced Al-Mutawakkil III to formally surrender the title of caliph after defeating the Mamluk Sultanate.

Afterwards, the Ottoman sultans also carried the title of caliph, until the declaration of Abdülmecid II as "ceremonial caliph" (1922–1924).

Since 1924, there have again been no caliphs with universal recognition within Sunni Islam.

Ecumenical caliphates

Rashidun Caliphs (8 June 632 – 29 January 661)

Period	Caliph	Calligraphic	Relationship with Muhammad	Parents	House	Notes
8 June 632 – 22 August 634	Abū Bakr (أبو بكر) 'Abdullah Șaḥābī Aṣ-Ṣiddīq		Father of Aisha, Muhammad's wife	'Uthman Abu Quhafa, ṣaḥābī Salma Umm-ul-Khair, ṣaḥābīyah	Banu Taim	Commonly known as Aṣ-Ṣiddīq (Arabic: الصديق, "The Truthful") Reigned until his death
23 August 634 – 3 November 644	'Umar ibn al-Khattab (عمر بن الخطاب) Șaḥābī Al-Farooq Amir al-Mu'minin		Father of Hafsa, Muhammad's wife	Khattab ibn Nufayl Hantamah bint Hisyam	Banu Adi	Also known with his epithet Al-Farooq ("the one who distinguishes between right and wrong") Assassinated by Persians in response to the Muslim conquest of Persia
11 November 644 – 20 June 656	'Uthman ibn 'Affan (عثمان بن عفان) Șaḥābī Dhun Nurayn Amir al-Mu'minin		Husband of Muhammad's daughters, Ruqayya and later Umm Kulthum	'Affan ibn Abi al-'As Arwa bint Kurayz, ṣaḥābīyah	Banu Ummaya	Also known as Dhun-Nurayn (Possessor of Two Lights) because he married two Muhammad's daughters Assassinated at the end of a siege upon his house
20 June 656 – 29 January 661	'Ali ibn Abi-Talib (علي بن أبي طالب) Șaḥābī Amir al-Mu'minin		Muhammad's first cousin Husband of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah Husband of Umamah bint Zainab, Muhammad's granddaughter	Abu Talib ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib Fatimah bint Asad, ṣaḥābīyah	Banu Hashim	Also known as First Imam of Shia Assassinated during Fajr prayer in Kufa

Hasan ibn Ali's Caliphate (661)

Period	Caliph	Calligraphic	Relationship with Muhammad or Previous Caliph	Parents	House	Notes
661 (six or seven months)	Ḥasan ibn ʿAli (الحسن بن علي) Ahl al-Bayt Amir al-Mu'minin		Grandson of Muhammad. Son of 'Ali ibn Abi-Talib	'Ali ibn Abi-Talib, fourth Rashidun Caliph Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad and his first wife Khadijah	Banu Hashim	Abdicated after six or seven months for Mu'awiyah

Umayyad Caliphs (661 – 6 August 750)

Abbasid Caliphs (750–1258 and 1261–1517)

Caliphs of Baghdad (25 January 750 – 20 February 1258)

(Not accepted by the Muslim dominions in the Umayyad-ruled Iberian Peninsula and the Fatimid and Almohad-ruled parts of North Africa).^[1][2]

During the latter period of Abbasid rule, Muslim rulers began using other titles, such as Sultan.

Caliphs of Cairo (13 June 1261 – 22 January 1517)

The Cairo Abbasids were largely ceremonial Caliphs under the patronage of the Mamluk Sultanate that existed after the takeover of the Ayyubid dynasty.^[3][4]

Ottoman Caliphs (1517 – 3 March 1924)

The head of the Ottoman dynasty was just entitled Sultan originally, but soon it started accumulating titles assumed from subjected peoples.^[5][6] Murad I (reigned 1362–1389) was the first Ottoman claimant to the title of Caliph; claimed the title after conquering Edirne.^[7]

Period	Caliph	Portrait	Tughra	Parents	Notes
1517 – 21 September 1520	Selim I			Bayezid II Gülbahar Hatun	Reigned until his death.[8]
30 September 1520 – 6 or 7 September 1566	Suleiman I			Selim I Ayşe Hafsa Sultan, Crimean Khanate princess, first valide sultan	Reigned until his death.[9]
29 September 1566 – 21 December 1574	Selim II			Suleiman I Hürrem Sultan, daughter of Orthodox priest, first haseki sultan	Reigned until his death.[10]
22 December 1574 – 16 January 1595	Murad III			Selim II Nurbanu Sultan, Venetian or Spanish, haseki sultan and valide sultan	Reigned until his death.[11]
27 January 1595 – 20 or 21 December 1603	Mehmed III			Murad III Safiye Sultan, Albanian, valide sultan	Reigned until his death;[12]
21 December 1603 – 22 November 1617	Ahmed I			Mehmed III Handan Sultan, valide sultan	Reigned until his death.[13]
22 November 1617 – 26 February 1618	Mustafa I			Mehmed III Abkhazian concubine. Popularly known with name Halime Sultan, valide sultan	First reign; Deposed due to his non-syndromic mental retardation in favour of his young nephew Osman II.[14]
26 February 1618 – 19 May 1622	Osman II			Ahmed I Mahfiruz Hatice Sultân	Deposed in a Janissary riot on 19 May 1622; Murdered on 20 May 1622 by the Grand Vizier Kara Davud Paşa (Black Da'ud Pasha) from compression of his testicles.[15]
20 May 1622 – 10 September 1623	Mustafa I				Second reign; Returned to the throne after the assassination of his nephew Osman II; Deposed due to his syndromic mental retardation and confined until his death in Istanbul on 20 January 1639.[14]
10 September 1623 – 8 or 9 February 1640	Murad IV			Ahmed I Mahpeyker Kösem Sultân, priest's daughter, haseki sultan and later valide sultan	Reigned until his death.[16]
9 February 1640 – 8 August 1648	Ibrahim			Ahmed I Mahpeyker Kösem Sultân, priest's daughter, haseki sultan and later valide sultan	Deposed on 8 August 1648 in a coup led by the Sheikh ul-Islam; Strangled in Istanbul on 18 August 1648[17] at the behest of the Grand Vizier Mevlevî Mehmed Paşa (Sofu Mehmed Pasha).
8 August 1648 – 8 November 1687	Mehmed IV			Ibrahim Turhan Hatice Sultan, haseki sultan and later valide sultan	Deposed on 8 November 1687 following the Ottoman defeat at the Second Battle of Mohács; Died in Edirne on 6 January 1693.[18]
8 November 1687 – 22 June 1691	Suleiman II			Ibrahim Sâliha Dil-AşUb Sultan, haseki sultan and later valide sultan	Reigned until his death.[19]
22 June 1691 – 6 February 1695	Ahmed II			Ibrahim Hatice Mû’azzez , ikinci haseki sultan and later valide sultan	Reigned until his death.[20]
6 February 1695 – 22 August 1703	Mustafa II			Mehmed IV Gulnus Sultan, haseki sultan and later valide sultan	Deposed on 22 August 1703 by reason of the Janissary uprising known as the Edirne Event; Died in Istanbul on 8 January 1704.[21]
22 August 1703 – 1 or 2 October 1730	Ahmed III			Mehmed IV Gulnus Sultan, haseki sultan and later valide sultan	Deposed in consequence of the Janissary rebellion led by Patrona Halil; Died on 1 July 1736.[22]
2 October 1730 – 13 December 1754	Mahmud I			Mustafa II Sâliha Sabkati Sultan, valide sultan	Reigned until his death.[23]
13 December 1754 – 29 or 30 October 1757	Osman III			Mustafa II Şehsuvar Sultan	Reigned until his death.[24]
30 October 1757 – 21 January 1774	Mustafa III			Ahmed III Âminā Mehr-î-Shâh (Emine Mihr-î-Şâh) İkinci Kadın Efendi;	Reigned until his death.[25]
21 January 1774 – 6 or 7 April 1789	Abdülhamid I			Son of Ahmed III Râbi’a Sharm-î (Şerm-î) Kadın Efendi;	Reigned until his death.[26]
7 April 1789 – 29 May 1807	Selim III			Mustafa III Mehr-î-Shâh (Mihr-î-Şâh) Vâlidā Sultân;	Deposed as a result of the Janissary revolt led by Kabakçı Mustafa against his reforms; Assassinated in Istanbul on 28 July 1808[27] at the behest of Ottoman Sultan Mustafa IV.
29 May 1807 – 28 July 1808	Mustafa IV			Abdülhamid I Bash Iqbal Nushatzaza (Nüzhet-Zâdāh / Nükhet-Sedâ) Khānūm Effendi;	Deposed in an insurrection led by Alemdar Mustafa Pasha; Executed in Istanbul on 17 November 1808[28] by order of Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II.
28 July 1808 – 1 July 1839	Mahmud II			Abdülhamid I	Disbanded the Janissaries in consequence of the Auspicious Event in 1826; Reigned until his death.[29]
1 July 1839 – 25 June 1861	Abdülmecid I			Mahmud II Bezm-î-Âlem Vâlidā Sultân;	Proclaimed the Hatt-ı Sharif (Imperial Edict) of Gülhane (Tanzimât Fermânı) that launched the Tanzimat period of reforms and reorganization on 3 November 1839 at the behest of reformist Grand Vizier Great Mustafa Rashid Pasha; Accepted the Islâhat Hatt-ı Hümayun (Imperial Reform Edict) (Islâhat Fermânı) on 18 February 1856; Reigned until his death.[30]
25 June 1861 – 30 May 1876	Abdülaziz I			Mahmud II Pertav-Nihâl (Pertevniyâl) Vâlidā Sultân;	Deposed by his ministers; Found dead (suicide or murder) five days later.[31]
30 May 1876 – 31 August 1876	Murad V			Abdülmecid I Shāvk-Efzâ (Şevk-Efzâ) Vâlidā Sultân;	Deposed due to his efforts to implement democratic reforms in the empire; Ordered to reside in Çırağan Palace where he died on 29 August 1904.[32]
31 August 1876 – 27 April 1909	Abdülhamid II			Abdülmecid I Tîr-î-Müjgan Üçüncü Kadın Efendi	Reluctantly allowed the First Constitutional Era on 23 November 1876 and then suspended it and reverted to personal rule on 13 February 1878; Forced to restore the Second Constitutional Era on 3 July 1908; Deposed after the 31 March Incident (on 13 April 1909); Confined to Beylerbeyi Palace where he died on 10 February 1918.[33]
27 April 1909 – 3 July 1918	Mehmed V			Abdülmecid I Gül-Cemâl Dördüncü Kadın Efendi;	Reigned as a figurehead of Mehmed Talât, İsmail Enver, and Ahmed Cemal (Djemal) Pashas until his death.[34]
4 July 1918 – 1 November 1922	Mehmed VI			Abdülmecid I Gül-İstü (Gülistan Münire) Dördüncü Kadın Efendi;	Sultanate abolished; Left Istanbul on 17 November 1922; Died in exile in Sanremo, Italy on 16 May 1926.[35]
18 November 1922 – 3 March 1924	Abdülmecid II		— [c]	Abdülaziz I Hayrân-î-Dil Kadın Efendi;[36]	Elected caliph by the TBMM; Exiled after the abolition of the caliphate;[37] Died in Paris, France on 23 August 1944.[38]

The Office of the Caliphate was transferred to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey which dissolved the office on March 3, 1924, in keeping with the policies of secularism that were adopted in the early years of the Republic of Turkey by its President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The current pretender to the Imperial House of Osman is Bayezid Osman, since September 23, 2009.

After the dissolution of the Office of the Caliphate, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey founded the Presidency of Religious Affairs as the new highest Islamic religious authority in the country.

Non-ecumenical caliphates

Ibn al-Zubayr's Caliphate (684–692)

Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr led a rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate in 684 AD. He was proclaimed caliph in Mecca but was defeated and killed there in 692 AD after a six-month siege by general Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf.^[39]

Ummayad Caliphs of Córdoba (929–1031)

Caliphate of Córdoba (green), c. 1000.

(Not universally accepted; actual authority confined to Spain and parts of Maghreb)^[40][41]

• Abd-ar-Rahman III (929–961)
• Al-Hakam II (961–976)
• Hisham II al-Hakam (976–1009)
• Muhammad II (1009)
• Sulayman ibn al-Hakam (1009–1010)
• Hisham II al-Hakam, restored (1010–1013)
• Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, restored (1013–1016)
• Abd ar-Rahman IV (1021–1022)
• Abd ar-Rahman V (1022–1023)
• Muhammad III (1023–1024)
• Hisham III (1027–1031)

Fatimid Caliphs (909–1171)

The Fatimid Caliphate (green) at its peak, c. 969.

(The Fatimids belonged to the Isma'ili branch of Shia Islam and hence are not recognized by the majority of Sunnis, whether subjects in their dominions, or from neighboring states).^[42][43]

• Al-Mahdi Billah (909–934): Founder of the Fatimid dynasty
• Al-Qa'im Bi-Amrillah (934–946)
• Al-Mansur Billah (946–953)
• Al-Muizz Lideenillah (953–975): Egypt is conquered during his reign
• Al-Aziz Billah (975–996)
• Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (996–1021)
• Ali az-Zahir (1021–1036)
• Al-Mustansir Billah (1036–1094)
• Al-Musta'li (1094–1101): Quarrels over his succession led to the Nizari split
• Al-Amir (1101–1130): The Fatimid rulers of Egypt after him are not recognized as Imams by Mustaali Taiyabi Isma'ilis
• Al-Hafiz (1130–1149)
• Al-Zafir (1149–1154)
• Al-Faiz (1154–1160)
• Al-Azid (1160–1171)

Almohad Caliphs (1145–1269)

The Almohad dynasty (green) at its greatest extent, c. 1200.

(Not widely accepted, actual dominions were parts of North Africa and Iberia)^[44][45]

• Abd al-Mu'min (1145–1163)
• Abu Yaqub Yusuf I (1163–1184)
• Yaqub al-Mansur (1184–1199)
• Muhammad an-Nasir (1199–1213)
• Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II (1213–1224)
• Abd al-Wahid I (1224)
• Abdallah al-Adil (1224–1227)
• Yahya (1227–1235)
• Idris I (1227–1232)
• Abdul-Wahid II (1232–1242)
• Ali (1242–1248)
• Umar (1248–1266)
• Idris II (1266–1269)

Sokoto Caliphs (1804–1903)

The Sokoto Caliphate (pink) at its greatest extent, c. 1800.

(Not widely accepted, actual dominions were parts of West Africa)

Established by Tariqa Islamic scholar and religious leader Usman dan Fodio through the Fulani War (alternatively known as the Fulani Jihad), which sought to reduce the influence of pre-Islamic religious practices and spread a more vigorous form of Islam through the auspices of a Caliphate.

Various caliphates declared after 1900

Since the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, there has been no single recognized, "ecumenical" caliphate.

Sharifian Caliphate (1924)

Map with the kingdom in green and the current region in red.

A last attempt at restoring the caliphal office and style with ecumenical recognition was made by Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz and Sharif of Mecca, who assumed both on 11 March 1924 and held them until 3 October 1924, when he passed the kingship to his son `Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Hashimi, who did not adopt the caliphal office and style.^[46] Hussein's claim for caliphate was not accepted however, and in 1925 he was driven from Hejaz by the forces of Ibn Saud due to his lack of support for Shari'ah. He continued to use the title of caliph during his remaining life in exile, until his death in 1931.

Ahmadiyya Muslim Caliphate (1908–present)

Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Flag.

Khalīfatul Masīh (Arabic: خليفة المسيح‎‎; Urdu: خلیفہ المسیح‎; English: Successor of the Messiah) or Khalifa of Islam (Caliph of Islam)^[47] sometimes simply referred to as Khalifah (i.e. Caliph, successor) is the elected spiritual and organizational leader of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and is the successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian who had claimed to be the Mahdi and Messiah in Islam. The Caliph is believed to be divinely guided and is also referred to by members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community as Amir al-Mu'minin (Leader of the Faithful). The fifth and current Khalifatul Masih is Mirza Masroor Ahmad.

After the death of Ghulam Ahmad, his successors directed the Ahmadiyya Community from Qadian which remained the headquarters of the community until 1947 with the creation of Pakistan. From this time on the headquarters remained in Rabwah, a town built on land bought in Pakistan by the community in 1948. In 1984, Ordinance XX was promulgated by the government of Pakistan which rendered the Khalifatul Masih unable to perform his duties and put the very institution in jeopardy. Due to these circumstances, Khalifatul Masih IV left Pakistan and migrated to London, England, provisionally moving the headquarters to the Fazl Mosque.^[48]

ISIL/ISIS claim (2014–present)

On 29 June 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) started to call itself "Islamic State" and call its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi "caliph Ibrahim".^[49][50] The validity of this caliphate has not been recognized by any Islamic authority outside of the 10-million-people territory^[51] under control of Islamic State.^[52]

On 24 August 2014, the leader of Boko Haram in Nigeria, Abubakar Shekau, likewise declared a caliphate. Apparently, it remained unclear whether Shekau declared his group to be part of ISIL or if he was declaring a separate caliphate in Nigeria.^[53] On 7 March 2015, Shekau pledged allegiance to ISIL via an audio message posted on the organisation's Twitter account.^[54][55] Afterwards, Boko Haram assumed the name "Wilāyat al Sūdān al Gharbī" (Arabic: ولاية السودان الغربي‎‎, "West Africa Province") or "Islamic State in West Africa" (Iswap).^[56]

• 
  ISIL Flag (Black Standard).
• 
       Areas controlled by ISIL  (as of 21 October 2015)      Areas in which ISIL has claimed to have presence or control ^[57]
• 
  Areas controlled by Wilāyat al Sūdān al Gharbī  (as of 10 April 2015)
• 
  The greatest extent of Wilāyat al Sūdān al Gharbī (in January 2015)

See also

• Caliphate
• Worldwide Caliphate
• Shah
• Sultan
• Emir
• Amir al-Mu'minin
• Shaykh al-Islām
  • List of Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire
• Grand Imam of al-Azhar
  • List of Grand Imams of al-Azhar
  • List of Presidents of Al-Azhar University
• Muhammad
• Succession to Muhammad
• History of Islam
• Shi'a Islam
• Sunni Islam
• Sharifate of Mecca
• Sharif of Mecca

References

Bibliography

• Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004) [1996]. The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys (2nd ed.). Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2137-8. OCLC 56639413. 
• Houtsma, M. Th.; Wensinck, A. J. (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936 (Reprint)|format= requires |url= (help). Volume IX. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-09796-4. 
• Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894). The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions. Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company. OCLC 1199708. 

Caliphal Dynasties
Rashidun Caliphs Abu Bakr Umar Uthman ibn Affan Ali Umayyad Caliphs Family tree Media Caliphs of Damascus (661–750) Muawiyah I Yazid I Muawiya II Marwan I Abd al-Malik Al-Walid I Sulayman Umar II Yazid II Hisham Al-Walid II Yazid III Ibrahim Marwan II Emirs of Córdoba (756–929) Abd al-Rahman I Hisham I Al-Hakam I Abd ar-Rahman II Muhammad I Al-Mundhir Abdullah Abd-ar-Rahman III Caliphs of Córdoba (929–1031) Abd-ar-Rahman III Al-Hakam II Hisham II Muhammad II Sulayman Hisham II Sulayman Abd ar-Rahman IV Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir[H] Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun ibn Hammud[H] Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali[H] Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun ibn Hammud[H] Abd ar-Rahman V Muhammad III Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali[H] Hisham III [H] indicates Hammudid usurpers Abbasid Caliphs Caliphs of Baghdad (749–1258) as-Saffah al-Mansur al-Mahdi al-Hadi Harun al-Rashid al-Amin Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi[B] al-Ma'mun al-Mu'tasim al-Wathiq al-Mutawakkil al-Muntasir al-Musta'in al-Mu'tazz al-Muhtadi al-Mu'tamid al-Mu'tadid al-Muktafi al-Muqtadir Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz[B] al-Muqtadir al-Qahir ar-Radi al-Muttaqi al-Mustakfi al-Muti at-Ta'i al-Qadir al-Qa'im al-Muqtadi al-Mustazhir al-Mustarshid ar-Rashid al-Muqtafi al-Mustanjid al-Mustadi al-Nasir az-Zahir al-Mustansir al-Musta'sim (Mongol conquest) Caliphs of Cairo (1261–1517) al-Mustansir al-Hakim I al-Mustakfi I al-Wathiq I al-Hakim II al-Mu'tadid I al-Mutawakkil I al-Musta'sim al-Mutawakkil I al-Wathiq II al-Musta'sim al-Mutawakkil I al-Musta'in al-Mu'tadid II al-Mustakfi II al-Qa'im al-Mustanjid al-Mutawakkil II al-Mustamsik al-Mutawakkil III al-Mustamsik al-Mutawakkil III (Ottoman conquest) [B] indicates ephemeral caliphs recognized in the city of Baghdad only Fatimid caliphs al-Mahdi al-Qa'im al-Mansur al-Mu'izz al-Aziz al-Hakim az-Zahir al-Mustansir al-Musta'li al-Amir al-Hafiz az-Zafir al-Fa'iz al-Adid Ottoman Sultans / Caliphs Dynasty Family tree (detailed) Family tree (simplified) Line of succession Osman I Orhan Murad I Bayezid I Interregnum Mehmed I Murad II Mehmed II Murad II Mehmed II Bayezid II Selim I Suleiman I Selim II Murad III Mehmed III Ahmed I Mustafa I Osman II Mustafa I Murad IV Ibrahim Mehmed IV Suleiman II Ahmed II Mustafa II Ahmed III Mahmud I Osman III Mustafa III Abdülhamid I Selim III Mustafa IV Mahmud II Abdülmecid I Abdülaziz Murad V Abdülhamid II Mehmed V Mehmed VI Abdülmecid II (Caliph only) Book Category Related templates: Claimants Valide Sultans