List of confederations

Historic confederations

Name Period Notes
Toltec Empire 496-1122 Existed as a confederation between the Toltecs and the Chichimeca, simultaneously as an empire exerting control over places like Cholula.
League of Mayapan 987-1461 A pre-Hispanic state in Yucatan.
Crown of Aragon 1137-1716 An alliance of medieval kingdoms including Aragon and Catalonia.
Confederation of Madya-as 13th century-1569 A pre-Hispanic state in the Philippines.
Old Swiss Confederacy 1291 – 1798
New England Confederation 1643–1684 British colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven.
Aro Confederacy 1690–1902 One of the two largest precolonial and colonial empires of the Igbo (Ibo) people of West Africa. The other being the Kingdom of Nri.
United States of America 1781–1789 In its first steps, the United States were a confederation of thirteen states (Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations) organized under the Articles of Confederation.
Confederation of the Rhine 1806–1813 It was a client state of the First French Empire.
Sweden-Norway 1814–1905 Personal union between Sweden and Norway.
German Confederation 1815–1866
Argentine Confederation 1831–1861 First political organization of Argentina. Highly decentralized and without a head of state.
Peru-Bolivian Confederation 1836–1839
 Confederate States of America 1861–1865 The Confederacy was established by 11 southern states: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Kentucky.
North German Confederation 1867–1871 It was a military alliance of 22 states of Germany with the Kingdom of Prussia.
 Austria-Hungary 1867–1918 Personal union between the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen.
Carlist States 1872–1876 Stablished by the carlists in Basque provinces and Navarre during the war.
 Soviet Union 1922–1991 Originally it was a confederation between four soviet socialist republics (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic and Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic). As a confederation of member states, Soviet constitutions formally defined each member republic as a sovereign state, whose membership was voluntary, and could secede at any time. Soviet constitutions of 1936-onward defined the state as a federation.
Arab Federation 1958 Ephimeral union of Jordania and Irak.
 United Arab Republic 1958–1961 Union between Syria and Egypt.
United Arab States 1958–1961 Confederation between the United Arab Republic and North Yemen.
Union of African States 1958–1961 An attempt to merge Ghana, Guinea and Mali through the views of panafricanism.
Federation of Arab Republics 1972–1977 An attempt to merge Lybia, Egypt and Syria.
Arab Islamic Republic 1974 Ephimeral proposed union of Libya and Tunisia.
Senegambia 1982–1989 Including the nowadays Senegal and Gambia.
 Serbia and Montenegro 2003–2006 Replacing the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Confederations

Name Period Notes
Iroquois Confederacy 1600–Present A group of Native American nations in Canada and the United States.
 European Union 1957–Present
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