List of historic Indian texts
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Collection
Each collection represents a set of books that are collectively known by the collection's name. In the list of books (shown below the table of collections), each book also refers to the collection it belongs to (if it does).
Name | Description | Alternate Names | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Vedas | Sacred hymns, which are a large body of texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. There are four Vedas, and these constitute the Hindu canon. | Samhita | 1500-500 BCE[1] |
Shakhas | Vedic school. Each school taught a Veda in a specific way, over time evolving specific styles and emphasis, based on how / by whom / where it was taught. | ||
Brahmanas | Commentary and elaboration on vedas and description of religious procedures. | 1000-800 BCE | |
Upanishads | Philosophy in response to Vedas and Brahmanas. | 800-600 BCE | |
Vedanta | Later commentary on the Vedas, Brahmanas and Upanishads. | ||
Itihasas | Ramayana and Mahabharata are known as the itihasas (‘once upon a time’). | ||
Pali Canon | Essential collections of teachings of Buddha, as written by his followers, three centuries later. | Tipitaka | |
Puranas | Historic texts (usually about a royal lineage) - written by court-appointed historians. Usually contrasted with historical descriptions in vedas, brahmanas, etc., that are written by priests. | ||
Dharmasastra | Collection and description of laws (man-made and natural). |
Books
Key
- Subject Area - subject area of the book
- Topic - topic (within the subject area).
- Collection - belongs to a collection listed in the table above
- Date - date (year) book was written
- Reign of - king/ruler in whose reign this book was written (occasionally a book could span reigns).
- Reign Age - extent of the reign
- Geographic Region - as it was known at the time of writing
Book | Subject Area | Topic | Collection | Language | Author | Date | Reign of | Reign Age | Geographic Region | Modern Name of Geographic Region | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rig Veda | Hindu hymns about various gods, and references to historic events. | Part 1 of the four part Hindu canon. | Veda/Samhita | Sanskrit | No concrete information available, but attributed to several rishis. | 1500-500 BCE[1] | Saptha Sindhva | Indus region (Indus + its five tributaries + Saraswati) | |||
Yajur Veda | Hindu sacrificial knowledge. | Part 3 of the four part Hindu canon. | Veda/Samhita | Sanskrit | No concrete information available, but attributed to several 'rishis' | 1500-500 BCE[1] | Saptha Sindhva | Indus region (Indus + its five tributaries + Saraswati) | |||
Sama Veda | Hindu music and arts. | Part 2 of the four part Hindu canon. | Veda/Samhita | Sanskrit | 1500-500 BCE[1] | ||||||
Atharva Veda | Hindu medicine, magic, sorcery. | Part 4 of the four part Hindu canon. | Veda/Samhita | Sanskrit | Attributed to rishis "Atharvana" and Angirasa. | 1500-500 BCE[1] | |||||
Taittiriya Shakha | Recension of Yajur Veda | Shakha | Sanskrit | ||||||||
Shaunaka Shakha | Recension of Atharva Veda | Shakha | Sanskrit | ||||||||
Paippalada Shakha | Recension of Atharva Veda | Shakha | Sanskrit | ||||||||
Satapatha Brahmana | Hindu sacrificial knowledge. | Commentary on Yajur Veda | Brahmana | Sanskrit | 600 BCE - 500 BCE | Supposedly an allegory of the Aryan expansion towards the east. | |||||
Aitareya Brahmana | Hindu vedic practices. | Commentary on Rig Veda | Brahmana | Sanskrit | |||||||
Kaushitaki Brahmana | Commentary on Rig Veda | Sanskrit | |||||||||
Taittiriya Brahmana | Hindu sacrificial knowledge. | Commentary on Yajur Veda | Brahmana | Sanskrit | |||||||
Samavidhana Brahmana | Hindu music and arts. | Commentary on Sama Veda | Brahmana | Sanskrit | |||||||
Arseya Brahmana | Hindu music and arts. | Commentary on Sama Veda | Brahmana | Sanskrit | |||||||
Devatadhyaya Brahmana | Hindu music and arts. | Commentary on Sama Veda | Brahmana | Sanskrit | |||||||
Shakdwipiya Brahmana | Hindu music and arts. | Commentary on Sama Veda | Brahmana | Sanskrit | |||||||
Tandyamaha Brahmana | Hindu music and arts. | Commentary on Sama Veda | Brahmana | Sanskrit | |||||||
Aitareya Aranyaka | Sanskrit | ||||||||||
Kaushitaki Aranyaka | Sanskrit | ||||||||||
Taittiriya Upanishad | Upanishad | Sanskrit | |||||||||
Maitri Upanishad | Upanishad | Sanskrit | |||||||||
Mimamsa | Sanskrit | ||||||||||
Theravada Buddhism | Buddhist Pali Canon | Pali | |||||||||
Yoga | Sanskrit | ||||||||||
Ramayana | Life of Rama, a prince of the Sun dynasty. | Sanskrit | 400 BCE - 400 CE [2] | Supposedly an allegory of the Aryan conquest of the pre-Aryan people. | |||||||
Mahabharata | Sanskrit | 400 BCE - 400 CE [2] | |||||||||
Bhagavad Gita | Krishna's advice to Arjuna on duty. | Sanskrit | 200 BCE - 200 CE [2] | Not a separate work. Part of Mahabharata. | |||||||
Hatha Yoga Pradipika | Sanskrit | ||||||||||
Gheranda Samhita | Sanskrit | ||||||||||
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali | Sanskrit | Patanjali | |||||||||
Vishnu Purana | Purana | Sanskrit | |||||||||
Persian Wars | Greek | Herodotus | |||||||||
Arthasastra | polity | Sanskrit | Chanakya (aka Kautilya) | Chandragupta Maurya | 321 BCE - 301 BCE | Magadha | Bihar | ||||
Milinda Panha | Dialogues with King Milinda (Menander) | Pali | Menander | circa 150 BCE | Sagala | Sialkot in Punjab | |||||
Buddhacharita | Buddhism | Life of Buddha | Sanskrit | Ashvagosha | Kanishka | 100 | Purushapura | Peshawar | |||
Periplus of the Erythrean Sea | A naval guide to Indian commerce. | Greek | 0-100 CE | ||||||||
Manusmriti (aka Manava Dharmaśāstra) | Law, code of conduct. | Code of conduct as described by Manu. | Dharmaśāstra | Sanskrit | |||||||
Puranas | Sanskrit | ||||||||||
Kamasutra | Sex | A manual of love. | Sanskrit | Vātsyāyana | 100-200 CE | ||||||
Charaka Samhita | Medicine | Medical text. | Sanskrit | Charaka | 100-200 CE | ||||||
Ashtadyayi | Sanskrit language | Sanskrit grammar | Sanskrit | Panini | circa 400 BCE | ||||||
Siddhāntakaumudī | Sanskrit language | Sanskrit grammar. Rearranges and provides descriptions for Panini's Ashtadyayi. | Sanskrit | Bhattoji Diksita | circa 1700 CE | ||||||
Mahabhashya | Sanskrit language | Sanskrit grammar | Sanskrit | Patanjali | circa 200 BCE | ||||||
Devichandragupta | Drama | Drama about Chandragupta II (aka Vikramaditya) | Sanskrit | Vishakhadatta | 600 BCE | ||||||
Aryabhatiya | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Āryabhaṭa | 499 CE | ||||||
Surya Siddhanta | Mathematics | Mathematics | Panchasiddhantika | Sanskrit | Varahamihira | circa 400 CE | |||||
Romaka Siddhanta | Mathematics | Mathematics | Panchasiddhantika | Sanskrit | Varahamihira | 500-500 CE | |||||
Paulisa Siddhanta | Mathematics | Mathematics | Panchasiddhantika | Sanskrit | Varahamihira | 500-500 CE | |||||
Vasishtha Siddhanta | Mathematics | Mathematics | Panchasiddhantika | Sanskrit | Varahamihira | 500-500 CE | |||||
Paitamaha Siddhanta | Mathematics | Mathematics | Panchasiddhantika | Sanskrit | Varahamihira | 500-500 CE | |||||
Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Brahmagupta | 628 CE | ||||||
Mahabhaskariya | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Bhaskara I | 600-680 CE | Expansion of Aryabhatta's work | |||||
Dhavala | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Virasena | 800-900 CE | Amoghavarsha | |||||
Ganit Saar Sangraha | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Mahavira | 800-870 CE | Rashtrakuta | |||||
Nav Shatika | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Sridhara | 870-930 CE | Bengal | |||||
Maha-Siddhanta | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Aryabhata II | 920–1000 CE | Bengal | Commentary on Sridhara's work | ||||
Siddhanta Sekhara | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Śrīpati | 1019-1066 CE | ||||||
Ganit Tilaka | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Śrīpati | 1019-1066 CE | ||||||
Dhikotidakarana | Mathematics | Lunar and solar eclipses | Sanskrit | Śrīpati | 1019-1066 CE | ||||||
Siddhanta Shiromani | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Bhāskara II | 1114–1185 CE | ||||||
Lilavati | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Bhāskara II | 1114–1185 CE | ||||||
Bijaganita | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Bhāskara II | 1114–1185 CE | ||||||
Gola Addhyaya | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Bhāskara II | 1114–1185 CE | ||||||
Griha Ganitam | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Bhāskara II | 1114–1185 CE | ||||||
Karun Kautoohal | Mathematics | Mathematics | Sanskrit | Bhāskara II | 1114–1185 CE | ||||||
Travels of Faxian | Social life | Travels in India during the Chandragupta II era | Mandarin | Faxian | Chandragupta II (aka Vikramaditya) | 375-415 CE | Magadha | Bihar | |||
Shakuntala | Drama | Drama about a girl forgotten by her husband | Sanskrit | Kalidasa | Chandragupta II (aka Vikramaditya) | 375-415 CE | Magadha | Bihar | |||
Meghadūta | Drama | Story of a cloud carrying a message amongst lovers | Sanskrit | Kalidasa | Chandragupta II (aka Vikramaditya) | 375-415 CE | Magadha | Bihar | |||
Mrichakatika | Drama | Story of a poor brahman falling in love with a courtesan. | Sanskrit | Shudraka | Chandragupta II (aka Vikramaditya) | 375-415 CE | Magadha | Bihar | |||
Harshacharita | Biography | Life of King Harsha Vardhana | Sanskrit | Bāṇabhaṭṭa | Harsha Vardhana | 606-647 CE | Thanesar | near Delhi | |||
In the footsteps of Buddha | Travel | Mandarin | Xuanzang | 630-644 CE | Harsha Vardhana | 606-647 CE | Thanesar | near Delhi | |||
In the footsteps of Buddha | Travel | Mandarin | Xuanzang | 630-644 CE | Pulakesin II (Pulikesi) | 610-642 CE | Badami | near Krishna river | |||
Samkhya verses | Sanskrit | Isvara Krishna | 200 CE | ||||||||
Soundarya Lahari | Sanskrit | Sankaracharya | |||||||||
Bhagavata Purana | Religion | Various mythologic stories | Puranas | Sanskrit | Attributed to Vyasa | 1100-1200 CE | |||||
Mattavilasa Prahasana | Sanskrit | Mahendravarman I | Mahendravarman I (Pallava) | 600-630 CE | Kancheepuram | Kancheepuram | |||||
Arabic | al Biruni | Mahmud of Ghazni | 971-1030 CE | ||||||||
Shahnameh | Arabic | Firdawsi | Mahmud of Ghazni | 971-1030 CE | |||||||
Arabic | Utbi | Mahmud of Ghazni | 971-1030 CE | Utbi was the official court chronicler of Mahmud Gazni. | |||||||
Travel | Travels in Asia and Africa | Arabic | Ibn Battuta | 1324-1354 CE | Muhammad bin Tughluq | 1325-1351 CE | Delhi | ||||
Medicine | Ma'dan ul Shifa | Arabic | Sikandar Lodi | 1489-1517 CE | Delhi | ||||||
Music | Lahjat I Sikandar Shahi | Arabic | Sikandar Lodi | 1489-1517 CE | Delhi | ||||||
Persian | Kabir | 1440-1518 CE | |||||||||
Baburnama | Autobiography | Babur's life | Chagatai | Babur | Babur | Kabul, Delhi | |||||
Humayunnama | Humayun's life | Persian | Humayun | Delhi | |||||||
Ain-i-Akbari | Biography of Akbar | Akbar's rule | Persian | Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak | 1551-1602 CE | Akbar | 1556-1605 CE | Delhi | |||
Tulsidas Ramayan | Hinduism | Translation of Ramayana into Hindi | Hindi | Tulsidas | 1532-1623 CE | Akbar | 1556-1605 CE | Delhi | |||
Tuzk-e-Jahangiri | Memoirs | Memoirs of Jehangir | Persian | Jehangir | 1605-1627 CE | Jehangir | 1605-1627 CE | Delhi | |||
Guru Granth Sahib | Sikhism | Holy scripture of Sikhism | Sant Bhasha | Guru Arjan Dev | 1563-1606 CE | Jehangir | 1605-1627 CE | Punjab |
See also
References
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