List of mammals of the United States
About 490 species of mammals are recorded in the United States. This list is probably incomplete. Unincorporated territories like for example Puerto Rico, Guam or Northern Mariana Islands are not covered. Mammals introduced and extinct in the Holocene except Pleistocene/Holocene boundary are included.
According to the IUCN Red List 3 of these species are critically endangered, 20 endangered, 15 vulnerable, 20 near threatened and 4 extinct.[1]
Some species are identified as indicated below:
- (A) - Accidental
- (E) - Extinct
- (Ex) - Extirpated (extinct in the USA, but exists elsewhere in the world)
- (I) - Introduced
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:
EX | Extinction | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorize it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
(v. 2013.2, the data are current as of March 5, 2014[1])
and the Endangered Species Act:
E | Endangered |
T | Threatened |
XN, XE | eXperimental Nonessential or Essential population |
E(S/A), T(S/A) | Endangered or Threatened due to Similarity of Appearance |
(the data are current as of March 28, 2014[2])
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Metatheria
Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)
Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene.They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.
- Family: Didelphidae (American opossums)
- Subfamily: Didelphinae
- Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana [n 1][n 2] LC
- Subfamily: Didelphinae
Infraclass: Eutheria
Order: Cingulata (armadillos)
The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species. Only the nine-banded armadillo is found in the United States.
- Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)
- Subfamily: Dasypodinae
- Nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Dasypodinae
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
- Suborder: Hystricognathi
- Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
- Subfamily: Erethizontinae
- North American porcupine Erethizon dorsatum [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Erethizontinae
- Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Aplodontidae (mountain beaver)
- Mountain beaver Aplodontia rufa [n 3] LC (ssp. nigra: E)
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
- American beaver Castor canadensis [n 3] LC
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Abert's squirrel Sciurus aberti [n 3] LC
- Arizona gray squirrel Sciurus arizonensis [n 3] DD
- Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis [n 3] LC
- Western gray squirrel Sciurus griseus [n 3] LC
- Mexican fox squirrel Sciurus nayaritensis [n 4] LC
- Fox squirrel Sciurus niger [n 3] LC
(Delmarva fox squirrel S. n. cinereus: E) - Douglas squirrel Tamiasciurus douglasii [n 3] LC
- American red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus [n 3] LC
(Mount Graham red squirrel T. h. grahamensis: E)
- Tribe: Pteromyini
- Northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus [n 3] LC
(Carolina northern flying squirrel G. s. coloratus and Virginia northern flying squirrel G. s. fuscus: E) - Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans [n 3] LC
- Northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus [n 3] LC
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Harris's antelope squirrel Ammospermophilus harrisii [n 3] LC
- Texas antelope squirrel Ammospermophilus interpres [n 1][n 5] LC
- White-tailed antelope squirrel Ammospermophilus leucurus [n 3][n 6] LC
- San Joaquin antelope squirrel Ammospermophilus nelsoni [n 3] EN
- Gunnison's prairie dog Cynomys gunnisoni [n 3][n 7] LC
- White-tailed prairie dog Cynomys leucurus [n 1][n 5] LC
- Black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus [n 3] LC
- Utah prairie dog Cynomys parvidens [n 1][n 5] EN T
- Alaska marmot Marmota broweri [n 1] (Alaska only) LC
- Hoary marmot Marmota caligata [n 3] LC
- Yellow-bellied marmot Marmota flaviventris [n 3] LC
- Groundhog Marmota monax [n 3] LC
- Olympic marmot Marmota olympus [n 3] LC
- California ground squirrel Otospermophilus beecheyi [n 3] LC
- Rock squirrel Otospermophilus variegatus [n 3] LC
- Golden-mantled ground squirrel Callospermophilus lateralis [n 3][n 7] LC
- Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel Callospermophilus saturatus [n 1][n 5] LC
- Mohave ground squirrel Xerospermophilus mohavensis [n 3] VU
- Spotted ground squirrel Xerospermophilus spilosoma [n 3] LC
- Round-tailed ground squirrel Xerospermophilus tereticaudus [n 3] LC
- Franklin's ground squirrel Poliocitellus franklinii [n 3] LC
- Mexican ground squirrel Ictidomys mexicanus [n 3] LC
- Thirteen-lined ground squirrel Ictidomys tridecemlineatus [n 3] LC
- Uinta ground squirrel Urocitellus armatus [n 3] LC
- Belding's ground squirrel Urocitellus beldingi [n 3] LC
- Idaho ground squirrel Urocitellus brunneus [n 3] EN
(Northern Idaho ground squirrel U. b. brunneus: T) - Merriam's ground squirrel Urocitellus canus [n 1] LC
- Columbian ground squirrel Urocitellus columbianus [n 3] LC
- Wyoming ground squirrel Urocitellus elegans [n 1] LC
- Piute ground squirrel Urocitellus mollis [n 1] LC
- Arctic ground squirrel Urocitellus parryii [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Richardson's ground squirrel Urocitellus richardsonii [n 3] LC
- Townsend's ground squirrel Urocitellus townsendii [n 3] VU
- Washington ground squirrel Urocitellus washingtoni [n 3] NT
- Alpine chipmunk Tamias alpinus [n 3] LC
- Yellow-pine chipmunk Tamias amoenus [n 3] LC
- Gray-footed chipmunk Tamias canipes [n 1] LC
- Gray-collared chipmunk Tamias cinereicollis [n 3] LC
- Cliff chipmunk Tamias dorsalis [n 3] LC
- Merriam's chipmunk Tamias merriami [n 3] LC
- Least chipmunk Tamias minimus [n 3] LC
- California chipmunk Tamias obscurus [n 1] LC
- Yellow-cheeked chipmunk Tamias ochrogenys [n 1] LC
- Palmer's chipmunk Tamias palmeri [n 3] EN
- Panamint chipmunk Tamias panamintinus [n 3] LC
- Long-eared chipmunk Tamias quadrimaculatus [n 3] LC
- Colorado chipmunk Tamias quadrivittatus [n 3] LC
- Red-tailed chipmunk Tamias ruficaudus [n 3] LC
- Hopi chipmunk Tamias rufus [n 1] LC
- Allen's chipmunk Tamias senex [n 1] LC
- Siskiyou chipmunk Tamias siskiyou [n 1] LC
- Sonoma chipmunk Tamias sonomae [n 3] LC
- Lodgepole chipmunk Tamias speciosus [n 3] LC
- Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus [n 3] LC
- Townsend's chipmunk Tamias townsendii [n 3] LC
- Uinta chipmunk Tamias umbrinus [n 3] LC
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Geomyidae
- Desert pocket gopher Geomys arenarius [n 1][n 5] NT
- Attwater's pocket gopher Geomys attwateri [n 1] LC
- Baird's pocket gopher Geomys breviceps [n 1] LC
- Plains pocket gopher Geomys bursarius [n 3][n 7] LC
- Knox Jones's pocket gopher Geomys knoxjonesi [n 1] LC
- Texas pocket gopher Geomys personatus [n 3] LC
- Southeastern pocket gopher Geomys pinetis [n 3] LC
- Llano pocket gopher Geomys texensis [n 1] LC
- Yellow-faced pocket gopher Pappogeomys castanops [n 3] LC
- Botta's pocket gopher Thomomys bottae [n 8] LC
- Camas pocket gopher Thomomys bulbivorus [n 3] LC
- Wyoming pocket gopher Thomomys clusius [n 1] LC
- Idaho pocket gopher Thomomys idahoensis [n 1] LC
- Mazama pocket gopher Thomomys mazama [n 3] LC
- Mountain pocket gopher Thomomys monticola [n 3] LC
- Northern pocket gopher Thomomys talpoides [n 3] LC
- Townsend's pocket gopher Thomomys townsendii [n 3] LC
- Southern pocket gopher Thomomys umbrinus [n 3] LC
- Family: Heteromyidae
- Subfamily: Dipodomyinae
- Agile kangaroo rat Dipodomys agilis [n 3] LC
- California kangaroo rat Dipodomys californicus [n 1] LC
- Gulf Coast kangaroo rat Dipodomys compactus [n 1] LC
- Desert kangaroo rat Dipodomys deserti [n 3] LC
- Texas kangaroo rat Dipodomys elator [n 3] VU
- Heermann's kangaroo rat Dipodomys heermanni [n 3] LC
(Morro Bay kangaroo rat D. h. morroensis: E) - Giant kangaroo rat Dipodomys ingens [n 3] EN E
- Merriam's kangaroo rat Dipodomys merriami [n 3] LC (San Bernardino kangaroo rat D. m. parvus: E)
- Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat Dipodomys microps [n 3] LC
- Fresno kangaroo rat Dipodomys nitratoides [n 3] VU (Fresno subspecies D. n. exilis and Tipton kangaroo rat D. n. nitratoides: E)
- Ord's kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordii [n 3] LC
- Panamint kangaroo rat Dipodomys panamintinus [n 3] LC
- Banner-tailed kangaroo rat Dipodomys spectabilis [n 3] NT
- Stephens' kangaroo rat Dipodomys stephensi [n 3] EN E
- Dulzura kangaroo rat Dipodomys simulans [n 1] LC
- Narrow-faced kangaroo rat Dipodomys venustus [n 3][n 9] LC
- Big-eared kangaroo rat Dipodomys (venustus) elephantinus [n 10][n 9]
(D. venustus: LC)
- Big-eared kangaroo rat Dipodomys (venustus) elephantinus [n 10][n 9]
- Dark kangaroo mouse Microdipodops megacephalus [n 3] LC
- Pale kangaroo mouse Microdipodops pallidus [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Heteromyinae
- Mexican spiny pocket mouse Liomys irroratus [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Perognathinae
- Bailey's pocket mouse Chaetodipus baileyi [n 3] LC
- California pocket mouse Chaetodipus californicus [n 3] LC
- Chihuahuan pocket mouse Chaetodipus eremicus [n 1] LC
- San Diego pocket mouse Chaetodipus fallax [n 3] LC
- Long-tailed pocket mouse Chaetodipus formosus [n 3] LC
- Hispid pocket mouse Chaetodipus hispidus [n 3] LC
- Rock pocket mouse Chaetodipus intermedius [n 3] LC
- Nelson's pocket mouse Chaetodipus nelsoni [n 3] LC
- Desert pocket mouse Chaetodipus penicillatus [n 3] LC
- Baja pocket mouse Chaetodipus rudinoris [n 11] LC
- Spiny pocket mouse Chaetodipus spinatus [n 3] LC
- White-eared pocket mouse Perognathus alticola [n 3] EN
- Arizona pocket mouse Perognathus amplus [n 3] LC
- Olive-backed pocket mouse Perognathus fasciatus [n 3] LC
- Plains pocket mouse Perognathus flavescens [n 8] LC
- Silky pocket mouse Perognathus flavus [n 3] LC
- San Joaquin pocket mouse Perognathus inornatus [n 3] LC
- Little pocket mouse Perognathus longimembris [n 3] LC
(Pacific pocket mouse P. l. pacificus: E) - Merriam's pocket mouse Perognathus merriami [n 3] LC
- Great Basin pocket mouse Perognathus parvus [n 8] LC
- Subfamily: Dipodomyinae
- Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
- Subfamily: Zapodinae
- Woodland jumping mouse Napaeozapus insignis [n 3] LC
- Meadow jumping mouse Zapus hudsonius [n 3] LC
(Preble's meadow jumping mouse Z. h. preblei: T) - Western jumping mouse Zapus princeps [n 3] LC
- Pacific jumping mouse Zapus trinotatus [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Zapodinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- White-footed vole Arborimus albipes [n 3] LC
- Red tree vole Arborimus longicaudus [n 3] NT
- California red tree mouse Arborimus pomo [n 1] NT
- Western red-backed vole Clethrionomys californicus [n 3] LC
- Southern red-backed vole Clethrionomys gapperi [n 8] LC
- Northern red-backed vole Clethrionomys rutilus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Northern collared lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus [n 12] (Alaska only) LC
- Nelson's collared lemming Dicrostonyx nelsoni [n 13] (Alaska only) LC
- Unalaska collared lemming Dicrostonyx unalascensis [n 14] (Alaska only) DD
- Sagebrush vole Lemmiscus curtatus [n 3] LC
- North American brown lemming Lemmus trimucronatus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Insular vole Microtus abbreviatus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Beach vole Microtus breweri [n 15][n 5] VU
- California vole Microtus californicus [n 3] LC (ssp. scirpen: E)
- Gray-tailed vole Microtus canicaudus [n 1] LC
- Rock vole Microtus chrotorrhinus [n 3] LC
- Long-tailed vole Microtus longicaudus [n 8] LC
- Mexican vole Microtus mexicanus [n 16] LC
(including M. mogollonensis: LC, ssp. hualpaiensis: E))- Mogollon vole Microtus mogollonensis [n 16]
(sometimes split from M. mexicanus) (M. mexicanus: LC)
- Mogollon vole Microtus mogollonensis [n 16]
- Singing vole Microtus miurus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Montane vole Microtus montanus [n 3] LC
- Prairie vole Microtus ochrogaster [n 3] LC
- Tundra vole Microtus oeconomus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Creeping vole Microtus oregoni [n 3] LC
- Meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus [n 3][n 7] LC (Florida salt marsh vole M. p. dukecampbelli: E)
- Woodland vole Microtus pinetorum [n 3] LC
- Water vole Microtus richardsoni [n 3] LC
- Townsend's vole Microtus townsendii [n 3] LC
- Taiga vole Microtus xanthognathus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Round-tailed muskrat Neofiber alleni [n 3] LC
- Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus [n 3] LC
- Western heather vole Phenacomys intermedius [n 3] LC
- Eastern heather vole Phenacomys ungava [n 17] LC
- Northern bog lemming Synaptomys borealis [n 3] LC
- Southern bog lemming Synaptomys cooperi [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Neotominae
- Northern pygmy mouse Baiomys taylori [n 3] LC
- White-throated woodrat Neotoma albigula [n 3] LC
- Bushy-tailed woodrat Neotoma cinerea [n 3] LC
- Arizona woodrat Neotoma devia [n 1] LC
- Eastern woodrat Neotoma floridana [n 3] LC (Key Largo woodrat N. f. smalli: E)
- Dusky-footed woodrat Neotoma fuscipes [n 3] LC (ssp. riparia: E)
- Desert woodrat Neotoma lepida [n 3] LC
- White-toothed woodrat Neotoma leucodon [n 11] LC
- Big-eared woodrat Neotoma macrotis [n 11] LC
- Allegheny woodrat Neotoma magister [n 1] NT
- Mexican woodrat Neotoma mexicana [n 3] LC
- Southern plains woodrat Neotoma micropus [n 3] LC
- Stephen's woodrat Neotoma stephensi [n 3] LC
- Golden mouse Ochrotomys nuttalli [n 3] LC
- Texas mouse Peromyscus attwateri [n 1] LC
- Brush mouse Peromyscus boylii [n 3] LC
- California mouse Peromyscus californicus [n 3] LC
- Canyon mouse Peromyscus crinitus [n 3] LC
- Cactus mouse Peromyscus eremicus [n 3] LC
- Northern Baja deermouse Peromyscus fraterculus [n 11] LC (formerly in Peromyscus eremicus)
- Cotton mouse Peromyscus gossypinus [n 3] LC (ssp. allapaticola: E)
- Osgood's mouse Peromyscus gratus [n 1] LC
- Northwestern deer mouse Peromyscus keeni [n 3] LC
- White-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus [n 3] LC
- Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus [n 3] LC
- Black-eared mouse Peromyscus melanotis [n 14] LC
- Mesquite mouse Peromyscus merriami [n 3] LC
- Northern rock mouse Peromyscus nasutus [n 1][n 18] LC
- White-ankled mouse Peromyscus pectoralis [n 3] LC
- Oldfield mouse Peromyscus polionotus [n 3] LC (Choctawatchee beach mouse P. p. allophrys, Perdido Key beach mouse P. p. trissyllepsis, St. Andrews beach mouse P. p. peninsularis, Alabama beach mouse P. p. ammobates and Anastasia Island beach mouse P. p. phasma: E, Southeastern beach mouse P. p. niveiventris: T)
- Pinyon mouse Peromyscus truei [n 3] LC
- Florida mouse Podomys floridanus [n 3] VU
- Fulvous harvest mouse Reithrodontomys fulvescens [n 3] LC
- Eastern harvest mouse Reithrodontomys humulis [n 3] LC
- Western harvest mouse Reithrodontomys megalotis [n 3] LC
- Plains harvest mouse Reithrodontomys montanus [n 3] LC
- Salt marsh harvest mouse Reithrodontomys raviventris [n 3] EN E
- Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
- Chihuahuan grasshopper mouse Onychomys arenicola [n 1] LC
- Northern grasshopper mouse Onychomys leucogaster [n 3] LC
- Southern grasshopper mouse Onychomys torridus [n 3] LC
- Coues' rice rat Oryzomys couesi [n 1] LC
- Marsh rice rat Oryzomys palustris [n 3][n 19] LC (ssp. natator: E)
- Arizona cotton rat Sigmodon arizonae [n 1] LC
- Tawny-bellied cotton rat Sigmodon fulviventer [n 3] LC
- Hispid cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus [n 3] LC
- Yellow-nosed cotton rat Sigmodon ochrognathus [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Family: Aplodontidae (mountain beaver)
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
- Collared pika Ochotona collaris [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- American pika Ochotona princeps [n 3] LC
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Pygmy rabbit Brachylagus idahoensis [n 3] LC E
- Swamp rabbit Sylvilagus aquaticus [n 3] LC
- Desert cottontail Sylvilagus audubonii [n 3] LC
- Brush rabbit Sylvilagus bachmani [n 3] LC (ssp. riparius: E)
- Manzano mountain cottontail Sylvilagus cognatus [n 14] DD (formerly in Sylvilagus floridanus)
- Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus [n 3] LC
- Mountain cottontail Sylvilagus nuttallii [n 3] LC
- Appalachian cottontail Sylvilagus obscurus [n 1] NT
- Marsh rabbit Sylvilagus palustris [n 3] LC (Lower Keys marsh rabbit S. p. hefneri: E)
- Robust cottontail Sylvilagus robustus [n 17] EN
- New England cottontail Sylvilagus transitionalis [n 3] VU
- Antelope jackrabbit Lepus alleni [n 3][n 7] LC
- Snowshoe hare Lepus americanus [n 3] LC
- Black-tailed jackrabbit Lepus californicus [n 3] LC
- White-sided jackrabbit Lepus callotis [n 1][n 5] NT
- Alaskan hare Lepus othus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- White-tailed jackrabbit Lepus townsendii [n 3] LC
Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)
Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Blarinini
- Northern short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda [n 3] LC
- Southern short-tailed shrew Blarina carolinensis [n 1] LC
- Everglades short-tailed shrew Blarina peninsulae [5] (B. carolinensis LC)
- Elliot's short-tailed shrew Blarina hylophaga [n 1] LC
- North American least shrew Cryptotis parva [n 3] LC
- Tribe: Notiosoricini
- Cockrum's gray shrew Notiosorex cockrumi [n 11] LC
- Crawford's gray shrew Notiosorex crawfordi [n 3] LC
- Tribe: Soricini
- Glacier Bay water shrew Sorex alaskanus [6][n 5] (Alaska only) DD
- Arctic shrew Sorex arcticus [n 3][n 7] LC
- Arizona shrew Sorex arizonae [n 1] LC
- Baird's shrew Sorex bairdi [n 1] LC
- Marsh shrew Sorex bendirii [n 3] LC
- Cinereus shrew Sorex cinereus [n 3] LC
- Long-tailed shrew Sorex dispar [n 20] LC
- Smoky shrew Sorex fumeus [n 3] LC
- Prairie shrew Sorex haydeni [n 1] LC
- American pygmy shrew Sorex hoyi [n 3] LC
- Pribilof Island shrew Sorex pribilofensis [n 8] (Alaska only) EN
- Saint Lawrence Island shrew Sorex jacksoni [n 17][n 5] (Alaska only) LC
- Southeastern shrew Sorex longirostris [n 3] LC
- Mount Lyell shrew Sorex lyelli [n 3] LC
- Merriam's shrew Sorex merriami [n 3] LC
- Montane shrew Sorex monticolus [n 3] LC
- Dwarf shrew Sorex nanus [n 3] LC
- New Mexico shrew Sorex neomexicanus [n 11] DD
- Ornate shrew Sorex ornatus [n 8] LC (ssp. relictus: E)
- Pacific shrew Sorex pacificus [n 3] LC
- American water shrew Sorex palustris [n 3][n 7] LC
- Preble's shrew Sorex preblei [n 3] LC
- Olympic shrew Sorex rohweri [n 17] LC (formerly in Sorex cinereus)
- Fog shrew Sorex sonomae [n 1] LC
- Inyo shrew Sorex tenellus [n 3] LC
- Trowbridge's shrew Sorex trowbridgii [n 3] LC
- Tundra shrew Sorex tundrensis [n 1] (Alaska only) LC
- Barren ground shrew Sorex ugyunak [n 1] (Alaska only) LC
- Vagrant shrew Sorex vagrans [n 8] LC
- Alaska tiny shrew Sorex yukonicus [n 14] (Alaska only) LC
- Tribe: Blarinini
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Scalopinae
- Tribe: Condylurini
- Star-nosed mole Condylura cristata [n 3] LC
- Tribe: Scalopini
- Hairy-tailed mole Parascalops breweri [n 3] LC
- Eastern mole Scalopus aquaticus [n 3] LC
- Broad-footed mole Scapanus latimanus [n 3] LC
- Coast mole Scapanus orarius [n 3] LC
- Townsend's mole Scapanus townsendii [n 3] LC
- Tribe: Condylurini
- Subfamily: Talpinae
- Tribe: Neurotrichini
- Shrew-mole Neurotrichus gibbsii [n 3] LC
- Tribe: Neurotrichini
- Subfamily: Scalopinae
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Silver-haired bat Lasionycteris noctivagans [n 3] LC
- Southwestern myotis Myotis auriculus [n 1] [n 21] LC
- Southeastern myotis Myotis austroriparius [n 3] LC
- California myotis Myotis californicus [n 3] LC
- Western small-footed myotis Myotis ciliolabrum [n 1] LC
- Long-eared myotis Myotis evotis [n 3][n 7] LC
- Gray bat Myotis grisescens [n 3] NT E
- Keen's myotis Myotis keenii [n 3] LC
- Eastern small-footed myotis Myotis leibii [n 3] LC
- Little brown bat Myotis lucifugus [n 3] LC
- Dark-nosed small-footed myotis Myotis melanorhinus [n 11] LC
- Arizona myotis Myotis occultus [n 22] LC
- Northern long-eared myotis Myotis septentrionalis [n 1] LC
- Indiana bat Myotis sodalis [n 3] EN E
- Fringed myotis Myotis thysanodes [n 3] LC
- Cave myotis Myotis velifer [n 3] LC
- Long-legged myotis Myotis volans [n 3] LC
- Yuma myotis Myotis yumanensis [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Pallid bat Antrozous pallidus [n 3] LC
- Big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus [n 3] LC
- Spotted bat Euderma maculatum [n 3] LC
- Allen's big-eared bat Idionycteris phyllotis [n 3] LC
- Western red bat Lasiurus blossevillii [n 15] LC
- Eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis [n 23] LC
- Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus [n 3] LC (Hawaiian hoary bat L. c. semotus: E)
- Southern yellow bat Lasiurus ega [n 23] LC
- Northern yellow bat Lasiurus intermedius [n 3] LC
- Seminole bat Lasiurus seminolus [n 3] LC
- Western yellow bat Lasiurus xanthinus [n 1] LC
- Evening bat Nycticeius humeralis [n 3] LC
- Western pipistrelle Pipistrellus hesperus [n 3] LC
- Eastern pipistrelle Pipistrellus subflavus [n 3] LC
- Rafinesque's big-eared bat Plecotus rafinesquii [n 3] LC
- Townsend's big-eared bat Plecotus townsendii [n 3] LC
(ssp. virginianus and ingens: E)
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Molossidae
- Wagner's bonneted bat Eumops glaucinus [n 3] LC
- Florida bonneted bat Eumops floridanus [6] CR E (formerly in Eumops glaucinus)
- Western mastiff bat Eumops perotis [n 3] LC
- Underwood's bonneted bat Eumops underwoodi [n 3] LC
- Velvety free-tailed bat Molossus molossus [n 24] LC
- Pocketed free-tailed bat Nyctinomops femorosaccus [n 3] LC
- Big free-tailed bat Nyctinomops macrotis [n 3] LC
- Mexican free-tailed bat Tadarida brasiliensis [n 3] LC
- Family: Mormoopidae
- Ghost-faced bat Mormoops megalophylla [n 3] LC
- Family: Phyllostomidae
- Subfamily: Phyllostominae
- California leaf-nosed bat Macrotus californicus [n 3][n 7] LC
- Subfamily: Glossophaginae
- Mexican long-tongued bat Choeronycteris mexicana [n 3] NT
- Lesser long-nosed bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae [n 3][n 6] VU (Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae: E)
- Greater long-nosed bat Leptonycteris nivalis [n 25] EN E
- Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
- Velvety fruit-eating bat Enchisthenes hartii [n 14] LC
- Subfamily: Desmodontinae
- Hairy-legged vampire bat Diphylla ecaudata [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Phyllostominae
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Ocelot Leopardus pardalis [n 3] LC E
- Margay Leopardus wiedii [n 26] (Ex) NT
- Canadian lynx Lynx canadensis [n 3] LC T
- Bobcat Lynx rufus [n 3] LC
- Cougar Puma concolor [n 3] LC T(S/A)
(except coryi, ssp. couguar and coryi: E) - Jaguarundi Puma yagouaroundi [n 3] LC
(Gulf Coast jaguarundi P. y. cacomitli and Sinaloan Jauguarundi P. y. tolteca: E) - Subfamily: Pantherinae
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs)
- Arctic fox Alopex lagopus [n 3] (Alaska only - introduced) LC
- Kit fox Vulpes macrotis [n 3] LC (ssp. mutica: E)
- Swift fox Vulpes velox [n 3] LC (ssp. hebes: E)
- Red fox Vulpes vulpes [n 27][n 28] LC
- Gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus [n 3][n 7] LC
- Island fox Urocyon littoralis [n 1][n 5] NT
(ssp. littoralis, catalinae, santarosae and santacruzae: E) - Coyote Canis latrans [n 3] LC
- Gray wolf Canis lupus [n 3] LC E (and XN)
- Eastern wolf Canis (lupus) lycaon [14][15] (Ex??)
- Red wolf Canis rufus [n 29] CR E (and XN)
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- American black bear Ursus americanus [n 3] LC T(S/A)
(Louisiana black bear U. a. luteolus: T) - Brown bear Ursus arctos [n 30] LC
(includes grizzly bear Ursus arctos horribilis: T, XN and
Alaskan brown bear Ursus arctos middendorffi, also known as the Kodiak bear) - Polar bear Ursus maritimus [n 3] (Alaska only) VU T
- American black bear Ursus americanus [n 3] LC T(S/A)
- Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
- Ring-tailed cat Bassariscus astutus [n 3] LC
- Raccoon Procyon lotor [n 3] LC
- White-nosed coati Nasua narica [n 3] LC
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Ermine Mustela erminea [n 3] LC
- Long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata [n 3] LC
- Black-footed ferret Mustela nigripes [n 3] EN E (and XN)
- Least weasel Mustela nivalis [n 3][n 31] LC
- American mink Neovison vison [n 3] LC
- Sea mink †Neovison macrodon [n 14] (E) EX
- American marten Martes americana [n 3] LC
- Fisher Martes pennanti [n 3] LC
- Wolverine Gulo gulo [n 3][n 32] LC
- American badger Taxidea taxus [n 3] LC
- North American river otter Lontra canadensis [n 3] LC
- Sea otter Enhydra lutris [n 3] EN (ssp. nereis and kenyoni: T, ssp. nereis also XN)
- Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions)
- Northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus [n 3] VU
- Guadalupe fur seal Arctocephalus townsendi [n 3][n 33] NT T
- Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus [n 3] NT T
(except west of 144° W, where E) (ssp. monteriensis: LC) - California sea lion Zalophus californianus [n 3] LC
- Family: Odobenidae
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Hooded seal Cystophora cristata [n 22] VU
- Bearded seal Erignathus barbatus [n 3] LC
- Ribbon seal Histriophoca fasciata [n 3] (Alaska almost only) DD
- Northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris [n 3] LC
- Hawaiian monk seal Monachus schauinslandi [n 14] (Hawaiian Islands only) CR E
- Caribbean monk seal †Monachus tropicalis [n 34] (E) EX
- Spotted seal Phoca largha [n 1] (Alaska only) DD T
- Harbor seal Phoca vitulina [n 3] LC
- Harp seal Pagophilus groenlandicus [n 35] LC
- Ringed seal Pusa hispida [n 3] LC
- Gray seal Halichoerus grypus [n 22] LC
- Family: Mephitidae
- Western spotted skunk Spilogale gracilis [n 1] LC
- Eastern spotted skunk Spilogale putorius [n 3][n 19] LC
- Hooded skunk Mephitis macroura [n 3] LC
- Striped skunk Mephitis mephitis [n 3] LC
- American hog-nosed skunk Conepatus leuconotus [n 36] LC
(merged with western hog-nosed skunk C. mesoleucus)
- Family: Canidae (dogs)
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
- Collared peccary Tayassu tajacu [n 3] LC
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Elk Cervus canadensis [n 37] (sometimes as C. elaphus canadensis; C. elaphus: LC)
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
- Moose Alces alces [n 38] LC (sometimes as distinct species Alces americanus)
- Mule deer Odocoileus hemionus [n 3] LC
- White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus [n 3] LC (Columbian white-tailed deer O. v. leucurus and key deer O. v. clavium: E)
- Caribou Rangifer tarandus [n 39] LC
(includes migratory woodland caribou R. t. caribou: E,
see also: barren-ground caribou R. t. groenlandicus)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Family: Antilocapridae (pronghorn)
- Pronghorn Antilocapra americana [n 3] LC (Sonoran pronghorn A. a. sonoriensis: E)
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Bovinae
- American bison Bison bison [n 3] NT (wood bison B. b. athabascae: T)
- †Bison occidentalis [16] (E)
- Subfamily: Caprinae
- Muskox Ovibos moschatus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Mountain goat Oreamnos americanus [n 3] LC
- Bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis [n 3] LC (desert bighorn sheep O. c. nelsoni and Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep O. c. sierrae: E)
- Dall sheep Ovis dalli [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Subfamily: Bovinae
Order: Proboscidea (elephants and allies)
- Family: Elephantidae (elephants and mammoths)
- Woolly mammoth †Mammuthus primigenius [17] (E)
Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands.
- Family: Dugongidae
- Steller's sea cow †Hydrodamalis gigas [6] (E) EX
- Family: Trichechidae
- West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus [n 3] VU E
(Antillean or Caribbean manatee: EN, ssp. latirostris - Florida manatee: EN)
- West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus [n 3] VU E
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae
- Bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus [n 3][n 40] (Alaska almost only) LC (Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Sea subpopulation: LC)
- North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis [n 23] EN E
- North Pacific right whale Eubalaena japonica [n 11] (A) (Hawaiian Islands only) EN E
(Northeast Pacific subpopulation: CR)
- Family: Balaenopteridae
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata [n 23] LC
- Sei whale Balaenoptera borealis [n 23] EN E
- Bryde's whale Balaenoptera edeni [n 23] (A) DD
- Blue whale Balaenoptera musculus [n 23] EN E (ssp. brevicauda - pygmy blue whale: DD, ssp. musculus North Pacific stock: LR/cd)
- Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus [n 23] EN E
- Subfamily: Megapterinae
- Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae [n 23] LC E
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Family: Eschrichtiidae
- Gray whale Eschrichtius robustus [n 23] LC E
- Family: Balaenidae
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Monodontidae
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena [n 23] LC
- Dall's porpoise Phocoenoides dalli [n 23] LC
- Family: Physeteridae
- Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus [n 23] VU E
- Family: Kogiidae
- Pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps [n 23] DD
- Dwarf sperm whale Kogia sima [n 23] (Hawaiian Islands only) DD
- Family: Ziphiidae
- Subfamily: Ziphiinae
- Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris [n 23] LC
- Subfamily: Berardiinae
- Baird's beaked whale Berardius bairdii [n 23] DD (collective name for two species - Baird's beaked whale and Arnoux's beaked whale)
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
- Northern bottlenose whale Hyperoodon ampullatus [n 23] DD
- Sowerby's beaked whale Mesoplodon bidens [n 23] DD
- Hubbs' beaked whale Mesoplodon carlhubbsi [n 23] DD
- Blainville's beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris [n 23] DD
- Gervais' beaked whale Mesoplodon europaeus [n 23] DD
- Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale Mesoplodon ginkgodens [n 23] DD
- Hector's beaked whale Mesoplodon hectori [n 41] (A) DD
- True's beaked whale Mesoplodon mirus [n 23] DD
- Perrin's beaked whale Mesoplodon perrini [n 17] DD
- Pygmy beaked whale Mesoplodon peruvianus [n 42] (A) DD
- Stejneger's beaked whale Mesoplodon stejnegeri [n 23] DD
- Tropical bottlenose whale Indopacetus pacificus [19] (Hawaiian Islands only) DD
- Subfamily: Ziphiinae
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis [n 23] LC
- Common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus [n 23] LC
- Pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata [n 23] LC
- Clymene dolphin Stenella clymene [n 15] DD
- Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba [n 23] LC
- Atlantic spotted dolphin Stenella frontalis [n 15] DD
- Spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris [n 23] DD
- Long-beaked common dolphin Delphinus capensis [n 15] DD
- Short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis [n 23] LC
- Fraser's dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei [n 41] LC
- Atlantic white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus [n 23] LC
- White-beaked dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris [n 15] LC
- Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens [n 23] LC
- Northern right whale dolphin Lissodelphis borealis [n 23] LC
- Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus [n 23] LC
- Melon-headed whale Peponocephala electra [n 15] LC
- Pygmy killer whale Feresa attenuata [n 23][n 40] DD
- False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens [n 23] DD
- Killer whale Orcinus orca [n 23] DD E
- Short-finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus [n 3] DD
- Long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas [n 23] DD
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Introduced animals
- Family: Myocastoridae
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Red-bellied squirrel Sciurus aureogaster [n 41] (I) LC
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- House mouse Mus musculus [n 44] (I) LC
- Polynesian rat Rattus exulans [n 14][n 45] (I) (Hawaiian Islands only) LC
- Brown rat Rattus norvegicus [n 10] (I) LC
- Roof rat Rattus rattus [n 10] (I) LC
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus [n 46] (I) (Hawaiian Islands only) NT (I) NT
- Cape hare Lepus capensis [3] (I) LC
- European hare Lepus europaeus [n 35] (I) LC
- Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
- Rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta [n 14] (I) LC
- Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata [23] (I) LC T
- Vervet monkey Chlorocebus pygerythrus [23] (I) LC
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Family: Herpestidae (mongoose)
- Small Asian mongoose [n 14] Herpestes javanicus (I) (Hawaiian Islands only) LC
- Family: Canidae (dogs)
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Beech marten Martes foina [6] (I) LC
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus [n 50][n 54] (I) LC (I) LC
- Feral cattle Bos (primigenius) taurus [n 55] (I)
- Subfamily: Hippotraginae
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
- Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra [n 50][n 57] (I) NT
- Bezoar ibex Capra aegagrus aegagrus [n 58] (I) LC
- Mouflon Ovis orientalis [n 59] (I) VU
- Barbary sheep Ammotragus lervia [n 50][n 60] (I) VU
- Feral goat Capra aegagrus hircus [n 61] (I)
- Family: Equidae (horses and allies)
- Feral donkey Equus africanus asinus [5] (I) (See also: Burro)
- Feral horse Equus ferus caballus [n 62] (I) (See also: Mustang)
See also
- List of mammals of North America
- List of threatened mammals of the United States
- List of chordate orders
- List of regional mammals lists
- List of prehistoric mammals
- Mammal classification
- New mammal species
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6] - ↑ Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as opossum D. marsupialis (merged Mexican D. marsupialis and D. virginiana).
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6] - ↑ Mexican fox squirrel Sciurus nayaritensis: Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - only as Apache fox squirrel S. apache. - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - mentioned only in the description of another species as possible split.
- 1 2 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - range not clear because described separately as the nominative species but merged with another species.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - described separately as the nominative species but merged with another species.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - described as the nominative species and 1 or 2 additional distinct species. - 1 2 Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] and IUCN Red List,[6] also probably North American Mammals NMNH SI[4] - Dipodomys elephantinus merged with D. venustus as D. venustus elephantinus.
- 1 2 3 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002.[3]
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ↑ Northern collared lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus: Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] - described separately as the nominative species but merged with D. exsul. - ↑ Nelson's collared lemming Dicrostonyx nelsoni: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] - mentioned only in the description of D. groenlandicus as possible split (D. exsul). - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] IUCN Red List.[6]
- 1 2 Mexican vole Microtus mexicanus:
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List[6] - M. mexicanus.
Kays & Wilson 2002[3] - only M. mogollonensis.
North American Mammals NMNH SI[4] - M. mexicanus listed, but only M. mexicanus mogollensis (Arizona and New Mexico) described in "Mexican Vole (Microtus mexicanus)" chapter.
IUCN Red List[6] - M. mexicanus sometimes split in two species: M. mexicanus and M. mogollonensis.[8][9]
12 subspecies are recognized, 4 occur in the USA (1991[10]), Hualapai Mexican vole M. m. hualpaiensis is listed as endangered (E) under the Endangered Species Act.[2][10] - 1 2 3 4 5 North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ↑ Northern rock mouse Peromyscus nasutus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - mentioned only in the description of Zacatecan deer mouse Peromyscus difficilis that P. difficilis was formerly known as P. nasuts, so range is not clear because these species are merged here.
- 1 2 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - described separately as the nominative species but probably merged with another species.
- ↑ Long-tailed Shrew Sorex dispar: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI[4] - as 2 distinct species: longtail/long-tailed shrew S. dispar and Gaspé shrew S. gaspensis. - ↑ Southwestern myotis Myotis auriculus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - mentioned only in the description of long-eared myotis M. evotis as possible split, occurring in southern N. Mexico.
- 1 2 3 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ↑ Velvety Free-tailed Bat: North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Kays & Wilson 2002[3] - it is believed that colonies found in buildings in the Florida Keys were members of Molossidae. - ↑ Lesser long-nosed bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae: Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - mentioned only in the description of L. nivalis under the junior synonym[13] L. sanborni as possible split, so range is not clear here. - ↑ Margay: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3).[5]
Kays & Wilson 2002:[3] last record in Texas from 1852.[3] - ↑ Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3).[5]
- ↑ Red Fox Vulpes vulpes: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as North American V. fulva distinct from the Old World species V. vulpes.
- 1 2 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ↑ Brown Bear Ursus arctos: Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as 2 distinct species: grizzly bear U. horribilis and Kodiak bear U. middendorffi, also distinct from the "worldwide" species U. arctos. - ↑ Least weasel Mustela nivalis: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as North American M. rixosa distinct from the Old World species M. nivalis.
- ↑ Wolverine Gulo gulo: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as North American G. luscus distinct from the Old World species G. gulo.
- ↑ Guadalupe fur seal Arctocephalus townsendi: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as Guadalupe fur seal A. philippi, formerly A. townsendi.
- ↑ Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
- 1 2 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ↑ American hog-nosed skunk Conepatus leuconotus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Kays & Wilson 2002[3] - as 2 distinct species: eastern hog-nosed skunk C. leuconotus and western hog-nosed skunk C. mesoleucus. - ↑ Elk Cervus canadensis: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] North American Mammals NMNH SI[4] (species list from the database).
Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI[4] (Field Guide), Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List[6] - as "worldwide" C. elaphus (not North American C. canadensis). - ↑ Moose Alces alces: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002.[3]
North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List[6] - as North American A. americanus (distinct from Eurasian elk A. alces). - ↑ Caribou Rangifer tarandus: Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as 3 distinct species: woodland caribou R. caribou, barren-ground caribou R. arcticus and Greenland caribou R. tarandus. - 1 2 3 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - only general range description.
- 1 2 3 4 Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ↑ Pygmy Beaked Whale: Kays & Wilson 2002:[3] one record in North America, Division of Mammals Collections NMNH SI:[18] two strandings in California (2001 and 2012).
- ↑ Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ↑ House Mouse: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] IUCN Red List.[6]
Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] - only general range description. - ↑ Polynesian rat[20][21]
- ↑ European Rabbit: & Wilson 2002[3] - range not clear (islands on Pacific Coast).
Introduced to Hawaii.[22] - ↑ Feral Cat: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] - Wildcat Felis silvestris (USA), Baker et al. 2003[24] (North America north of Mexico) - Feral cat F. catus.
- ↑ Kays & Wilson 2002[3] - packs of feral domestic dogs Canis familiaris (USA), Baker et al. 2003[24] (North America north of Mexico) - Feral dog C. familiaris.
- ↑ Sus scrofa: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - Wild Boar (Swine), Kays & Wilson 2002[3] - Wild Boar, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] - Wild boar - feral populations, IUCN Red List[6] - Wild boar - introduced (USA), Baker et al. 2003[24] (North America north of Mexico) - feral pig or wild boar.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ↑ Chital - free-ranging.[26]
- ↑ Sambar - free ranging.[25]
- ↑ Red deer elaphus division (not canadensis division) - introduced i.e. to USA.[5]
- ↑ Nilgai - semi-free-ranging[26]/free-ranging.[25]
- ↑ Feral Cattle: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] - Aurochs Bos taurus - feral populations (USA), Baker et al. 2003[24] (North America north of Mexico) - domestic cattle Bos taurus.
For example feral cattle in Hawaii.[28][29] - ↑ Gemsbok - free ranging.[30][31]
- ↑ Blackbuck - free ranging.[25][26][31][32]
- ↑ Bezoar ibex - free-ranging: Florida Mountains near Deming New Mexico.[31]
- ↑ Mouflon: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] - Red sheep Ovis aries - Mouflon introduced, improved domestic stock feral (USA), Baker et al. 2003[24] (North America north of Mexico) - European mouflon sheep Ovis aries.
Feral sheep - free-ranging - Hawaii[33] and Texas.[34] - ↑ Barbary Sheep - free ranging.[25][26]
- ↑ Feral Goat: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] - goat C. hircus - feral populations (USA), Baker et al. 2003[24](North America north of Mexico) - goat Capra hircus.
Goat - free-ranging, Hawaii.[33] - ↑ Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] - Horse Equus ferus - feral in USA (incl. Hawaiian Isls), Baker et al. 2003[24] (North America north of Mexico) - feral horse Equus caballus.
- Species listed in Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (MSW3) as occurring in the USA, but omitted in this article: Pteronotus pristinus - possibly Florida.
References
- 1 2 "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
- 1 2 "Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries, § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife.". US Government Printing Office. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Kays, Roland W.; Wilson, Don E. (2002). Mammals of North America. Illustrated by Sandra Doyle, Nancy Halliday, Ron Klingner, Elizabeth McClelland, Consie Powell, Wendy Smith, Todd Zalewski, Diane Gibbons, Susan C. Morse, Jesse Guertin. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07012-1.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 "North American Mammals". Smithsonian Institution. National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
This site is based on The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals, by Don E. Wilson and Sue Ruff (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999) and Mammals of North America, by Roland W. Kays and Don E. Wilson (Princeton University Press, 2002).
Downloaded on March 25, 2014 - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
- Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 "Search Results: Mammalia USA 2014-03-29". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. IUCN. 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
Search terms Search by taxonomy: MAMMALIA, Search by location: United States, (Native, Introduced, Vagrant, Uncertain), Refinements : [X] Show regional assessments:, Taxa to show: Species, Subspecies and varieties, Stocks and subpopulation). Downloaded on 29 March 2014
External link in|website=
(help) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Burt, William Henry (Text and Maps); Grossenheider, Richard Philip (Illustrations) (1976). A Field Guide to the Mammals. North America north of Mexico. Peterson Field Guides (Third ed.). Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-91098-6.
- ↑ Álvarez-Casta?eda, S.T. & Reid, F. (2008). "Microtus mexicanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
- ↑ Musser, G.G.; Carleton, M.D. (2005). "Microtus (See comments.) mexicanus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 894–1531. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- 1 2 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1991). Hualpai Mexican Vole Recovery Plan (PDF). Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp. 28 pp. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
- ↑ Whitaker, John O.; Hamilton, William John (June 28, 1998). Mammals of the Eastern United States (3rd ed.). Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801434754. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
- ↑ Hutterer, R. (2005). "Sorex (Otisorex) cinereus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 220–311. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ↑ Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Leptonycteris yerbabuenae". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 312–529. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ↑ "WolfQuest. Eastern Timber Wolf (Canis lups lycaon)". Minnesota Zoo & Eduweb. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
- ↑ Mech, L.D. (2010). "What is the taxonomic identity of Minnesota wolves?" (PDF). Can. J. Zool. NRC Research Press (88): 129–138. doi:10.1139/Z09-129. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
- ↑ Hall, Stephen Austin (Aug 1972). "Holocene Bison occidentalis from Iowa". Journal of Mammalogy. 53 (3): 604–606. JSTOR 1379052. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
- ↑ Crossen, K. S. (2005). "5,700-Year-Old Mammoth Remains from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska: Last Outpost of North America Megafauna". Geological Society of America. 37: 463. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
- ↑ "Search the Division of Mammals Collections".
Keywords: Mesoplodon peruvianus: STR 13453 Stranding, Skull, Salinas State Beach, Monterey Bay, California, 2001, STR 18334: Stranding, Photograph, Arcata, Humboldt County, California, 2012
- ↑ Taylor, B.L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S.M.; Ford, J.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2008). "Indopacetus pacificus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
- ↑ Ruedas, L.; Heaney, L. & Molur, S. (2008). "Rattus exulans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
- ↑ Williams, J. Morgan (1973). "The Ecology of Rattus exulans (Peale) Reviewed" (PDF). Pacific Science. University of Hawaii Press. 27 (2): 120–127. ISSN 0030-8870.
- ↑ Bloggs, Fred (2011). "The history of mammal eradications in Hawai`i and the United States associated islands of the Central Pacific". In Veitch, C. R; Clout, M. N; Towns, D. R. Island invasives: eradication and management. (PDF). Study authors S. C. Hess and J. D. Jacobi. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. pp. 67–73. Retrieved April 8, 2014.
- 1 2 The Illustrated Encyclopedia Of North American Mammals: A Comprehensive Guide To Mammals Of North America. Mobi Reference. MobileReference. January 7, 2010. ISBN 9781605012797. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Robert J. Baker; Lisa C. Bradley; Robert D. Bradley; Jerry W. Dragoo; Mark D. Engstrom; Robert S. Hoffmann; Cheri A. Jones; Fiona Reid; Dale W. Rice & Clyde Jones (December 1, 2003). "Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003" (PDF). Occasional Papers. Museum of Texas Tech University (229). ISSN 0149-175X. Retrieved March 9, 2014. External link in
|journal=
(help) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bowers, Nora; Bowers, Rick; Kaufmann, Kenn (2004). Mammals of North America. Kaufman focus guides. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-618-15313-6. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 EXOTICS IN TEXAS by: Max Traweek and Roy Welch. April 1992. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Reproduced From PWD-BK-W7000-206 5/92
- ↑ Timmins, R.; Duckworth , J.W.; Samba Kumar, N.; Anwarul Islam, M.; Sagar Baral, H.; Long, B. & Maxwell, A. (2012). "Axis porcinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
- ↑ "Domestic Cow - Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station". Mauna Kea Support Services / Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station. 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2014.
- ↑ "Introduction of Cattle - Hawaii History - The Paniolo". HawaiiHistory.org. 2014. Retrieved March 30, 2014.
- ↑ Whitford, Walter G. (April 2002). Ecology of Desert Systems (1st ed.). Elsevier Science. ISBN 9780127472614. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
- 1 2 3 Deal, Kevin (2010). Wildlife and Natural Resource Management (3rd ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN 1-4354-5401-4. Retrieved April 5, 2014.
- ↑ "Blackbuck - North America Introduced". Big Game Hunting Records - Safari Club International Online Record Book. Safari Club International. 2007–2014. Retrieved April 5, 2014.
- 1 2 Cox, George W. (1999). Alien Species in North America and Hawaii. Washington DC: Island Press. ISBN 1-55963-679-3. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
- ↑ "European Mouflon - North America Introduced". Big Game Hunting Records - Safari Club International Online Record Book. Safari Club International. 2007–2014. Retrieved April 5, 2014.
Further reading
- Kays, Roland W.; Wilson, Don E. (2002). Mammals of North America. Illustrated by Sandra Doyle, Nancy Halliday, Ron Klingner, Elizabeth McClelland, Consie Powell, Wendy Smith, Todd Zalewski, Diane Gibbons, Susan C. Morse, Jesse Guertin. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07012-1.
- Burt, William Henry (Text and Maps); Grossenheider, Richard Philip (Illustrations) (1976). A Field Guide to the Mammals. North America north of Mexico. Peterson Field Guides (Third ed.). Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-91098-6.
- Robert J. Baker; Lisa C. Bradley; Robert D. Bradley; Jerry W. Dragoo; Mark D. Engstrom; Robert S. Hoffmann; Cheri A. Jones; Fiona Reid; Dale W. Rice & Clyde Jones (December 1, 2003). "Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003" (PDF). Occasional Papers. Museum of Texas Tech University (229). ISSN 0149-175X. Retrieved March 9, 2014. External link in
|journal=
(help)
External links
- American Society of Mammalogists
- Databases: Division of Mammals: Department of Vertebrate Zoology: NMNH - i.e. printable Field Guide to mammals of North America
- Search the Division of Mammals Collections - National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
- Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (MSW3) - database of mammalian taxonomy
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Search results: mammalia, USA, 2014-03-29)
- Endangered Species Program - US Fish & Wildlife Service
- Species Search - US Fish & Wildlife Service
- Endangered Species Act - National Marine Fisheries Service - NOAA
- List of Endangered and threatened wildlife - US Government Printing Office