List of sultans on the Comoros
Sultan Said Ali bin Said Omar of Grande Comore (1897)
Several Sultanates on the Comoros, an archipelago in the Indian Ocean with an ethnically complex mix, were founded after the introduction of Islam into the area in the 15th century. Other uses depending on the island could also be styled fani, mfaume and ntibe. Unlike sultans in many other Arab nations, these sultans had little real power. At one time alone on the island of Ndzuwani or Nzwani (today Anjouan), 40 fanis and other chiefs shared power of the island; Ngazidja (today Grand Comore) was at many times divided into 11 sultanates. This article addresses the major ones.
The term Shirazis (derived from the former Persian capital Shiraz) is a reference to Iranian roots in some dynasties. The Sultans of Hamamvu who are also Sultans of Aldabra (Wa-Shirazi Sultans) are a surviving dynasty that are of the Imperial Persian royal line and carry an extant connection to the Wa-Shirazi people of the East African Coast.
The historical sultanates based the following five cities have been collectively proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage site:
They have not yet been inscribed as such.
Sultans of and on Ndzuwani (Anjouan)
| Reign (start) | Reign (end) | Name | Variations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. 1676 | c. 1711 | Alimah III | First known ruler and female ruler of Anjouan. | |
| c. 1711 | c. 1741 | Salim | ||
| c. 1741 | c.1782 | Saidi Ahamd | ||
| c. 1782/1792 | c. 1788/1796 | Abdallah I | Alimiah | She ruled as a de facto ruler twice. |
| c.1788 | c.1792 | Halimah | ||
| c.1796 | c.1816 | Alawi bin Husain | Mwinye Fani | |
| c.1816/ 1833 | c.1832/1836 | Abdallah II bin Alawi | ||
| c.1832 | c.1833 | Ali bin Salim | ||
| c.1836 | c.1837 | Saidi Alawi bin Abdallah | ||
| c.1837 | c.1852 | Salim bin Alawi | ||
| c.1852 | c.1891 | Saidi Abdallah bin Salim | ||
| c.1891 | c.1891 | Salim bin Abdalla | ||
| c.1891 | c.1892 | Saidi Omar bin Saidi Hasan | ||
| c.1892 | c.1912 | Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar |
Sultans on Ngazidja (Grande Comore)
Sultans of Bamboa
| Reign (start) | Reign (end) | Name | Variations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. ??? | c. ??? | Ngoma Mrahafu | ||
| c. ??? | c. ??? | Mwasi Pirusa | ||
| c. ??? | c. ??? | Fum Mbavu Inkwaba | ||
| c. ??? | c. ??? | Mwenye Mji wa Mwenye Mambo | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Inye wa Mantsi | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Mwenye Mji wa Mwanze | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Tambavu mna Muhame wa Saidi | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Tambavu Inkwaba | ||
| c.?? | c.??? | Fum Nau wa Kori Dozi | He was the first ruler of Bamboa to be given the title (Sultan) Tibe, i.e. Paramount ruler of the island. | |
| c.??? | c.??? | Mwenye Mji wa Mvunza Panga | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Mla Nau | Second ruler with the hegemonic title Sultan tibe. | |
| c.?? | c.?? | Fozi Wa | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Suja Oma Inkwaba | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Nyau wa Faume | First remale ruler of Bamboa. | |
| c.??? | c.??? | Nyau wa Faume | First remale ruler of Bamboa. | |
| c.??? | c.??? | Bamba Oma wa Ju Mamba | He ruled a second after Ahmed bin Shekhe Ngome's first ruling period. | |
| c.??? | c.??? | Ahmed bin Shekhe Ngome | The fourth ruler to styled Sultan tibe. He ruled a second time after Mamba's brief second ruling period which was then again interrupted by a brief period of rule under Saidi Bakari followed by his third ruling period. (A possible explanation is a period of anarchy with multiple rulers). | |
| c.??? | c.??? | Saidi Bakari | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Mwenye Mambo | ||
| c.??? | c.??? | Ju Mamba | ||
| c.???/1874? | c.???/??? | Mohamed bin Ahmed | He ruled twice in the 1800s the second time after Abdallah bin Saidi Hamza's first ruling period. | |
| c.??? | c.??? | |||
| c.??? | c.??? | |||
| c.??? | c.??? | |||
| c.??? | c.??? | |||
| c.??? | c.??? | |||
| c.??? | c.??? | shah waPantat jumbu Kulup | ||
Sultans of Itsandra
Styled "Mfalme"
- Fey Owa Mbaya
- Fey Mwenza
- Fey Jumbe
- Ju Mwamba Pirusa
- Zombe Ilingo
- Nguzo waInehili
- Tibe waKanzu
- Mkongo
- Mna Musa Hibu
- Muhammadi Saidi
- Mvunza Panga
- Fey Beja waWabeja(f)
- Fum Nau waKori Dozi
- Fey Fumu
- Bwana Fumu
- Fey Fumu (2nd time)
- Bwana Fumu (2nd time)
- Fey Fumu (3rd time)
- Fum Mbavu
- Musa Fumu waFey Fumu
- Tibe Bamba
- Musa Fumu waFey Fumu (2nd time)
- Tibe Bamba (2nd time)
- Musa Fumu waFey Fumu (3rd time)
- Tibe Bamba (3rd time)
- Musa Fumu waFey Fumu (4th time) (d. c.1883)
- Tibe Bamba (4th time)
- Kalega
Sultans of Mitsamihuli
Styled "Mfalme"
- Mahame Msahi
- Fozi waMahame
- Mbantsi
- Ju Mambu Madi waMusa Fumu
- Jumbe Fumu Mfaume waDomba (possibly ruled jointly with Kori Dazi)
- Kori Dazi
- Jumbe Fumu Mfaume waDomba (as sole Mfalme)
- Tambavu waJumbe Fumu
- Fozi
- Suja Fumu Mbamba (possibly ruled jointly with Mba Fumu wa Jumbe Fumu)
- Mba Fumu waJumbe Fumu
- Mba Fumu waTambwe (possibly ruled jointly with Jumbe Fumu wa Jumbe Mfumu)
- Jumbe Fumu waJumbe Mfumu
- Mbandhi waBwana Haji (possibly ruled jointly with Abdallah bin Ahmad)
- Abdallah bin Ahmed
- Bwana Fumu (reign ended c.1886)
- mukou
Sultans of Washili
Styled "Mfalme"
- Mohama Mdume waBeja
- Fey Zinda waMawana
- Fey Zinda waMakasara
- Tambwe Musa Fumu
- Tambwe waHabadi (possibly co-ruler with Mfalme Tambwe Musa Fumu)
- Jumbe Fumu waMbala Bwani
- Tambwe No Fumu waMba Nau (d. 1815)
- Jumwamba Mwenye Majini
- Mba Fumu waSuja Fumu Bamba
- Shekhe Salim (possibly co-ruler with Mfalme Mba Fumu waShuja Fumu Bamba)
- Mavunzanga
- Tibe Mbe
- Abudu
Mukou
Sultans of Bajini
Styled "Mfalme"
- Mwenye Bamba I
- Bamba Jumbe
- Tambe Mbafu waFum Nau
- Ju Mamba Oma waMba Nau
- Mwambatsi (co-ruler with Mfalme Ju Mamba Oma waMba Nau)
- Mwenye Bamba II
- Bamba Oma
- Suja Oma waTambwe (co-ruler with Mfalme Bamba Oma)
- Shekani (co-ruler with Mfalme Bamba Oma)
- Fumu Oma
- Oma waDari (co-ruler with Mfalme Fumu Oma) (d. 1884))
- Ja Mhaba (f)
- Hashimu bin Ahmed
- Hadija bint Ahmed (f)
- Hashimu bin Ahmed (2nd time)
- 1886-89 uncertain Mfalme or interregnum
- Hashimu bin Ahmed (3rd time)(d. 1889)
Sultans of Hambu
Styled "Mfalme"
- Beja Mbuyuni
- Nau waMigira
- Nau waMoro
- Fumu Nau
- Yasi Azi
- Demani Mtango
- Fumu Jimba waIdimani
- Mahdi Jimbwa waTangwe
- Dari waMba Nau (co-ruler with Mfalme Mahdi Jimbwa waTangwe
- Jumbe Fumu waSuja Oma Inkwaba
- Suja Oma waTambwe
- Mrunda Mijo
- Fey Mwando waTambwe (co-ruler with Mfalme Mrunda Mijo)
- Bamba Oma waJumamba
- Tambwe waHinye
- Abudu bin Mohamed bin Sultani
- Bamba Oma waOma (co-ruler with Mfalme Abudu bin Mohamed bin Sultani)
Sultans of Hamahame
Styled "Mfalme"
- Nye Hila
- Haji waNo Fumu
- Suja Oma Mshinda Kodo
- Jumbe Fumu Madi
- Bwana Haji Musa
- Simai
- Dari Oma
- Fumu Oma waNasiri
- Suja Oma waFumu
- Mba Fumu waBwana Haji
- Suja Oma Bwana
Sultans of Mbaku
The Sultan was also styled mfalme; the only known incumbent (no dates) was: Bwana Fumu.
Sultans of Mbude
Sultans (also styled mfalme) (no dates available):
- .... - .... Msa Mwinza
- .... - .... Bamba
- .... - .... Lwali
- .... - .... Jumbe Fumu wa Tambwe
- .... - .... Dari Mbamba
- .... - .... Mwandhi Oma wa Jumbe Fumu
- .... - .... Bamba Oma wa Suja Funu
- .... - .... Jumbe Fumu Mna Mango
- .... - .... Bamba wa Madi Jimba
- .... - .... Jumbe Fumu wa Sinai
Sultans of La Dombe
The Sultan was also styled mfalme; the only known incumbent (no dates) was: Febeja Mambwe.
Sultans of and on Mwali (Mohéli)
- 1830-1842 - Ramanetaka (also Abderremane)(d. 1842)
- 1842-1865 - Raketaka Jombe Sudy (f) (1st time) (c.1836-1878) (after 1851, Jumbe Fatima bint Abderremane)
- 1842-1849 - Regency (Ravao (f), Tsivandini (through 1847))
- 1865-1874 - Mohamed bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara (c.1859-1874)
- 1865-1868 - Jumbe Fatima bint Abderremane (f), Regent (1st time) (c.1836-1878)
- 1868-1871 - Joseph Lambert, Duc d'Imerina, Regent (1824–1873)
- 1871-1874 - Jumbe Fatima bint Abderremane (f), Regent (2nd time) (c.1836-1878)
- 1874-1878 - Jumbe Fatima bint Abderremane (f) (2nd time) (c.1836-1878)
- 1878-1885 - Abderremane bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara (c.1860-1885)
- 1885-1886 - Mohammed Shekhe (b. c.1830)
- 1886-1888 - Marjani bin Abudu Shekhe (b. c.1851)
- 1888-1909 - Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara (f) (never acceeded) (1874–1964)
- 1888-1889 - Regents (Fadeli bin Othman, Balia Juma (f), Abudu Tsivandini)
- 1889-1897 - Mahmudu bin Mohamed Makadara, Regent (1863–1898)
- 1909- French colony of Moheli
See also
Sources
(incomplete; most material still to be worked in)
- Almanach de Bruxelles (now a paying site)
- WorldStatesmen- Comoros
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