List of tone rows and series
This is a list of tone rows and series. For a list of unordered collections, see set (music), Forte number, list of pitch class sets, and trope (music).
Twelve tone rows
Row form | Integers | Notation | Composer: Composition | Year | Hexa- |
Hexa- |
Derivation/ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P: | 0 1 2 e t 9 5 4 3 6 7 8 |
Anton Webern: Op. 32, later row[1] |
un- finished |
6-1 | 6-1 | — | |
I: | 0 e t 1 2 3 7 8 9 6 5 4 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 3 5 6 2 4 8 7 9 e t |
Igor Stravinsky: Abraham & Isaac[2][3] |
1963 | 6-Z3 | 6-Z36 | — | |
I: | 0 e 9 7 6 t 8 4 5 3 1 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 3 6 7 9 8 t e 2 4 5 |
Arnold Schoenberg: Serenade, op. 24, mov. 5[4] |
1920–23 | 6-30 | 6-30 | derived: 3-3 | |
I: | 0 e 9 6 5 3 4 2 1 t 8 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 3 8 4 9 t 7 6 5 e 2 |
|
Alban Berg: Kammerkonzert[5] |
1923–25 | 6-Z19 | 6-Z44 | cryptogram: |
I: | 0 e 9 4 8 3 2 5 6 7 1 t | ||||||
P: | 0 1 3 9 2 e 4 t 7 8 5 6 |
Arnold Schoenberg: Suite for Piano, op. 25[6][7][8][9] |
1921–23 | 6-2 | 6-2 | — | |
I: | 0 e 9 3 t 1 8 2 5 4 7 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 4 2 9 5 e 3 8 t 7 6 |
Pohlman Mallalieu[10][11]
Robert Morris: |
n.a.
1973 |
6-14 | 6-14 | all-interval, RT6-invariant | |
I: | 0 e 8 t 3 7 1 9 4 2 5 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 4 3 2 5 6 9 8 7 t e |
|
Anton Webern: Variations for Orchestra, Op. 30[12][3][13] |
1940 | 6-1 | 6-1 | all- combinatorial |
I: | 0 e 8 9 t 7 6 3 4 5 2 1 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 4 3 2 5 6 9 8 e t 7 |
Igor Stravinsky: Agon, "Pas de deux", "Four trios"[2][14] |
1957 | 6-1 | 6-1 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 e 8 9 t 7 6 3 4 1 2 5 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 4 3 7 6 e 2 t 9 5 8 |
Arnold Schoenberg: Die Jakobsleiter[15] |
un- finished |
6-Z13 | 6-Z42 | — | |
I: | 0 e 8 9 5 6 1 t 2 3 7 4 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 4 5 8 7 6 3 2 7 e t |
Walter Piston: Symphony No. 8 (first movement)[16] |
1965 | 6-Z19 | 6-Z44 | — | |
I: | 0 e 8 7 4 5 6 9 t 5 1 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 4 5 7 6 8 9 t e 2 3 |
Roger Reynolds: Ambages[17] |
1965 | 6-5 | 6-5 | — | |
I: | 0 1 4 5 7 6 8 9 t e 2 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 4 6 8 t 5 7 9 e 2 3 |
Ernst Krenek: Lamentatio Jeremiae Prophetae, Op. 93, row 3[18] |
1940–41 | 6-34 | 6-34 | RI- | |
I: | 0 e 8 6 4 2 7 5 3 1 t 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 4 9 5 8 3 t 2 e 6 7 |
Milton Babbitt: Composition for Twelve Instruments[3][19] |
1948 | 6-20 | 6-20 | dyadic, tri-, tetra-, and hexa- chordal combina- toriality | |
I: | 0 e 8 3 7 4 9 2 t 1 6 5 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 5 2 6 t 3 8 9 4 7 e |
Edison Denisov: Fünf Geschichten von Herrn Keuner[20] |
1966 | 6-Z43 | 6-Z17 | all-trichord | |
I: | 0 e 7 t 6 2 9 4 3 8 5 1 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 5 8 t 4 3 7 9 2 e 6 |
Luigi Dallapiccola: Quaderno musicale di Annalibera[21] Variazioni per orchestra Canti di Liberazione[22] |
1952 1954 1951–55 |
6-31 | 6-31 | — | |
I: | 0 e 7 4 2 8 9 5 3 t 1 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 6 2 7 9 3 4 t e 5 8 |
Arnold Schoenberg: Violin Concerto, op. 36[23] |
1936 | 6-Z50 | 6-Z29 | — | |
I: | 0 e 6 t 5 3 9 8 2 1 7 4 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 6 2 t 9 4 7 3 8 e 5 |
Arnold Schoenberg: A Survivor from Warsaw[24][25] |
1947 | 6-15 | 6-15 | — | |
I: | 0 e 6 t 2 3 8 5 9 4 1 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 6 5 7 e 2 t 3 9 8 4 |
Milton Babbitt: All Set[26] |
1957 | 6-7 | 6-7 | second-order combinatorial | |
I: | 0 e 6 7 5 1 t 2 9 3 4 8 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 7 2 3 9 t 8 6 5 e 4 |
Edison Denisov: Viola concerto[27] |
1986 | 6-Z41 | 6-Z12 | — | |
I: | 0 e 5 t 9 3 2 4 6 7 1 8 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 7 5 6 4 t 8 9 e 2 3 |
|
Arnold Schoenberg: Moses und Aron[24] |
un- finished |
6-5 | 6-5 | inversional |
I: | 0 e 5 7 6 8 2 4 3 1 t 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 7 5 6 e 9 8 t 3 4 2 |
Igor Stravinsky: Movements[2] |
1958–59 | 6-7 | 6-7 | — | |
I: | 0 e 5 7 6 1 3 4 2 9 8 t | ||||||
P: | 0 1 7 6 8 9 3 2 4 5 e t |
Alberto Ginastera: Don Rodrigo, Act I, op. 31[28] |
1963–64 | 6-5 | 6-5 | — | |
I: | 0 e 5 6 4 3 9 t 8 7 1 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 7 9 8 6 3 t 2 5 e 4 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Plus-Minus[29] |
1963 (rev. 1974) | 6-5 | 6-5 | — | |
I: | 0 e 5 3 4 6 9 2 t 7 1 8 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 8 e 7 3 2 5 4 t 9 6 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Zeitmaße[30][31] |
1955–56 | 6-16 | 6-16 | — | |
I: | 0 e 4 1 5 9 t 7 8 2 3 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 9 e 3 2 6 7 t 8 4 5 |
Anton Webern: Op. 32, row 1[32] |
un- finished |
6-2 | 6-2 | — | |
I: | 0 e 3 1 9 t 6 5 2 4 8 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 9 e 3 2 7 6 t 8 4 5 |
Anton Webern: Op. 32, row 2[32] |
un- finished |
6-1 | 6-1 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 e 3 1 9 t 5 6 2 4 8 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 9 e 8 t 4 5 6 2 3 7 |
|
Anton Webern: Variations for piano, mov. II, op. 27[33][34] |
1936 | 6-1 | 6-1 | all- combinatorial |
I: | 0 e 3 1 4 2 8 7 6 t 9 5 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 9 e t 7 8 3 4 6 5 2 |
Igor Stravinsky: A Sermon, a Narrative and a Prayer[2] |
1961 | 6-2 | 6-2 | — | |
I: | 0 e 3 1 2 5 4 9 8 6 7 t | ||||||
P: | 0 1 t 2 6 4 5 3 7 e 8 9 |
Luigi Dallapiccola: Dialoghi[35] |
6-21 | 6-21 | RI-invariant: P0 = RI9 | ||
I: | 0 e 2 t 6 8 7 9 5 1 4 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 1 t 3 4 6 8 9 e 5 7 2 |
Chen Yi: Near Distance[3][36] |
1988 | 6-Z23 | 6-Z45 | — | |
I: | 0 e 2 9 8 6 4 3 1 7 5 t | ||||||
P: | 0 1 e 2 t 3 9 4 8 5 7 6 |
|
Luigi Nono: Canti per tredeci Il canto sospeso[15][37][38] Composizione per orchestra n. 2: Diario polacco ’58 |
1955 1955–56 1959 |
6-1 | 6-1 | symmetrical all-interval row; all- combinatorial |
I: | 0 e 1 t 2 9 3 8 4 7 5 6 |
|
Nicolas Slonimsky: Grandmother chord[39] | 1938 | |||
P: | 0 2 1 3 8 7 5 6 4 e 9 t |
Joonas Kokkonen: Symphonic Sketches, mov. 3, row A[40] |
1968 | 6-Z38 | 6-Z6 | — | |
I: | 0 t e 9 4 5 7 6 8 1 3 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 1 3 4 6 7 9 8 t 5 e |
Igor Stravinsky: Agon, second coda[41][42] |
1957 | 6-2 | 6-2 | — | |
I: | 0 t e 9 8 6 5 3 4 2 7 1 |
Igor Stravinsky: coda[43] | |||||
P: | 0 2 1 7 t 8 9 e 3 4 6 5 |
Igor Stravinsky: The Flood[2] |
1962 | 6-Z12 | 6-Z41 | — | |
I: | 0 t e 5 2 4 3 1 9 8 6 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 1 7 e 8 9 6 t 4 3 5 |
Luigi Dallapiccola: Requiescant[35] |
6-5 | 6-5 | RI-invariant: P0 = RI5 | ||
I: | 0 t e 5 1 4 3 6 2 8 9 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 1 t 3 e 5 9 4 7 8 6 |
Alfred Schnittke: String Quartet No. 1[3] |
1966 | 6-1 | 6-1 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 t e 2 9 1 7 3 8 5 4 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 e t |
Alban Berg: Lulu, Schigolch[24][44] |
1934 | 6-1 | 6-1 | all- combinatorial, | |
I: | 0 t 9 e 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 3 5 4 9 7 8 t e 1 6 |
Igor Stravinsky: Agon, "Bransles"[43] |
1957 | 6-Z40 | 6-Z11 | — | |
I: | 0 t 9 7 8 3 5 4 2 1 e 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 3 5 7 8 e 4 6 t 8 1 |
|
Alban Berg: "Der Wein"[45] |
1929 | 6-16 | 6-16 | D harmonic minor |
I: | 0 t 9 7 5 4 1 8 6 2 4 e | ||||||
P: | 0 2 3 6 8 t 5 7 9 e 1 4 |
Ernst Krenek: Lamentatio Jeremiae Prophetae, Op. 93, row 2[18] |
1940–41 | 6-34 | 6-34 | RI- | |
I: | 0 t 9 6 4 2 7 5 3 1 e 8 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 4 5 8 t 6 7 9 e 1 3 |
Ernst Krenek: Lamentatio Jeremiae Prophetae, Op. 93, row 1[18] |
1940–41 | 6-34 | 6-34 | RI- | |
I: | 0 t 8 7 4 2 6 5 3 1 e 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 4 6 7 t 5 8 9 e 1 3 |
Ernst Krenek: Lamentatio Jeremiae Prophetae, Op. 93, row 6[18] |
1940–41 | 6-34 | 6-34 | RI- | |
I: | 0 t 8 6 5 2 7 4 3 1 e 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 4 6 8 9 5 7 t e 1 3 |
Ernst Krenek: Lamentatio Jeremiae Prophetae, Op. 93, row 5[18] |
1940–41 | 6-34 | 6-34 | RI- | |
I: | 0 t 8 6 4 3 7 5 2 1 e 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 4 6 t 8 e 7 9 1 3 5 |
Alban Berg: Lulu[24] |
1934 | 6-35 | 6-35 | — | |
I: | 0 t 8 6 2 4 1 5 3 e 9 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 5 3 t 4 6 1 e 7 8 9 |
Igor Stravinsky: Variations[46][2][3][47][48][49][50][51] |
1963–64 | 6-9 | 6-9 | — | |
I: | 0 t 7 9 2 8 6 e 1 5 4 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 6 4 t 9 7 e 8 5 1 3 |
Arnold Schoenberg: Piano Piece [Klavierstück], op. 33b[24] |
1931 | 6-34 | 6-34 | — | |
I: | 0 t 6 8 2 3 5 1 4 7 e 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 6 t 4 7 8 3 5 9 e 1 |
|
Alban Berg: Lulu, Schoolboy[44][52][53] |
1934 | 6-34 | 6-34 | — |
I: | 0 t 6 2 8 5 4 9 7 3 1 e | ||||||
P: | 0 2 9 e 8 6 5 7 t 1 4 3 |
Igor Stravinsky: The Owl and the Pussy Cat[2] |
1966 | 6-Z23 | 6-Z45 | — | |
I: | 0 t 3 1 4 6 7 5 2 e 8 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 7 6 5 8 9 4 3 t e 2 1 |
Karel Goeyvaerts: Nummer 2[54] |
1951 | 6-Z36 | 6-Z3 | — | |
I: | 0 5 6 7 4 3 8 9 2 1 t e | ||||||
P: | 0 2 t e 1 8 6 7 9 4 3 5 |
|
Igor Stravinsky: Requiem Canticles, 1st series[2] |
1966 | 6-2 | 6-2 | — |
I: | 0 t 2 1 e 4 6 5 3 8 9 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 e 9 t 1 3 6 4 5 7 8 |
Joonas Kokkonen: Woodwind Quintet, mov. 1 & 2, row A & B[40] |
1973 | 6-1 | 6-1 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 t 1 3 2 e 9 6 8 7 5 4 | ||||||
P: | 0 2 e 9 t 4 3 7 5 6 8 1 |
Arnold Schoenberg: Dreimal Tausend Jahre, Op. 50a[3] |
1949 | 6-9 | 6-9 | — | |
I: | 0 t 1 3 2 8 9 5 7 6 4 e | ||||||
P: | 0 3 1 2 4 7 5 6 8 e 9 t |
Arvo Pärt: Symphony No. 2[55] |
1966 | 6-Z36 | 6-Z3 | derived: 4–1 | |
I: | 0 9 e t 8 5 7 6 4 1 3 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 3 1 2 e t 8 9 5 7 6 4 |
Milton Babbitt: Woodwind Quartet[56] |
1953 | 6-1 | 6-1 | — | |
I: | 0 9 e t 1 2 4 3 7 5 6 8 | ||||||
P: | 0 3 1 6 2 4 t 5 9 7 8 e |
Ernst Krenek: Sechs Vermessene, Op. 168[57] |
1958 | 6-2 | 6-2 | — | |
I: | 0 9 e 6 t 8 2 7 3 5 4 1 | ||||||
P: | 0 3 1 6 2 t 9 8 e 7 5 4 |
Ernst Krenek: Karl V[58][59] |
1938 | 6-Z39 | 6-Z10 | — | |
I: | 0 9 e 6 t 2 3 4 1 5 7 8 | ||||||
P: | 0 3 1 t 2 8 e 5 6 9 7 4 |
Donald Martino: Fantasy Variations[60] |
1962 | 6-9 | 6-9 | — | |
I: | 0 9 e 2 t 4 1 7 6 3 5 8 | ||||||
P: | 0 3 2 1 4 8 e 5 t 7 6 9 |
Benjamin Frankel: The Curse of the Werewolf[61] |
1961 | 6-Z37 | 6-Z4 | — | |
I: | 0 9 t e 8 4 1 7 2 5 6 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 3 2 9 7 8 e 6 1 5 4 t |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: "Aries", from Tierkreis[62] |
1974–75 | 6-18 | 6-18 | — | |
I: | 0 9 t 3 5 4 1 6 e 7 8 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 3 2 1 5 4 t e 7 8 9 6 |
Anton Webern: Symphony, Op. 21[4][63] |
1928 | 6-1 | 6-1 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 9 t e 7 8 2 1 5 4 3 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 3 4 6 e 8 7 t 9 5 1 2 |
Igor Stravinsky: Agon, "Mystery" (sketches only)[64] |
1957 | 6-31 | 6-31 | — | |
I: | 0 9 8 6 1 4 5 2 3 7 e t | ||||||
P: | 0 3 5 1 2 6 4 e 7 8 e 9 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Klavierstück IV |
1952 | 6-Z3 | 6-Z36 | — | |
I: | 0 9 7 e t 6 8 1 5 4 1 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 3 5 4 e t 9 8 7 6 2 1 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: "Aquarius", from Tierkreis[62] |
1974–75 | 6-Z6 | 6-Z38 | — | |
I: | 0 9 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 t e | ||||||
P: | 0 3 5 7 9 e 6 8 t 1 2 4 |
Ernst Krenek: Lamentatio Jeremiae Prophetae, Op. 93, row 4[18] |
1940–41 | 6-34 | 6-34 | RI- | |
I: | 0 9 7 5 3 1 6 4 2 e t 8 | ||||||
P: | 0 3 7 e 2 5 9 1 4 6 8 t |
|
Alban Berg: Violin Concerto[4][24][66] |
1935 | 6-Z24 | 6-Z46 | — |
I: | 0 9 5 1 t 7 3 e 8 6 4 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 3 e 2 t 1 9 5 8 4 7 6 |
Anton Webern: "Erlösung" from Drei Lieder, Op. 18, No. 2[67] |
1910–13 | 6-1 | 6-1 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 9 1 t 2 e 3 7 4 8 5 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 3 e 4 2 1 7 8 t 5 9 6 |
Ernst Krenek: Quaestio temporis, Op. 170[68] |
1959 | 6-1 | 6-1 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 9 1 8 t e 5 4 2 7 3 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 3 e t 2 9 1 5 4 8 7 6 |
Anton Webern: Op. 31[12] |
1941–43 | 6-Z3 | 6-Z36 | — | |
I: | 0 9 1 2 t 3 e 7 8 4 5 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 4 1 8 5 9 3 e 2 7 t 6 |
Milton Babbitt: Composition for Four Instruments, row iv[26] |
1948 | 6–20 | 6–20 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 8 e 4 7 3 9 1 t 5 2 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 4 1 e 3 2 8 6 5 t 7 9 |
Milton Babbitt: Composition for Four Instruments[69] |
1948 | 6–1 | 6–1 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 8 e 1 9 t 4 6 7 2 5 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 4 2 5 7 8 t 9 e 1 6 3 |
Igor Stravinsky: Anthem[2] |
1962 | 6–33 | 6–33 | — | |
I: | 0 8 t 7 5 4 2 3 1 e 6 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 4 3 2 5 6 t e 9 1 7 8 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Licht, Eve formula[70][71] |
1977– 2003 |
6–2 | 6–2 | — | |
I: | 0 8 9 t 7 6 2 1 3 e 5 4 | ||||||
P: | 0 4 3 7 e 8 9 6 5 1 2 t |
Arnold Schoenberg: Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte Suite Op. 29[72] Luigi Nono: |
1942 1926 1950 |
6–20 | 6–20 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 8 9 5 1 4 3 6 7 e t 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 4 3 8 7 e 5 1 2 9 t 6 |
Milton Babbitt: Composition for Four Instruments, row iii[26] |
1948 | 6–20 | 6–20 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 8 9 4 5 1 7 e t 3 2 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 4 3 e 7 8 t 9 2 5 1 6 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: "Scorpio", from Tierkreis[62] |
1974–75 | 6–20 | 6–20 | — | |
I: | 0 8 9 1 5 4 2 3 t 7 e 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 4 3 e t 9 1 7 8 6 2 5 |
Ernst Krenek: Suite, Op. 84 |
6–5 | 6–5 | — | ||
I: | 0 8 9 1 2 3 e 5 4 6 t 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 4 5 2 6 7 8 9 e t 3 1 |
Alban Berg: Lulu[24] |
1934 | 6–9 | 6–9 | — | |
I: | 0 8 7 t 6 5 4 3 1 2 9 e | ||||||
P: | 0 4 5 2 7 9 6 8 e t 3 1 |
|
Alban Berg: Lulu, Basic[44][52][53] |
1934 | 6–32 | 6–32 | circle of fifths |
I: | 0 8 7 t 5 3 6 4 1 2 9 e | ||||||
P: | 0 4 5 e 6 t 7 3 1 2 9 8 |
Milton Babbitt: All Set[75][76] |
1957 | 6–7 | 6–7 | all- | |
I: | 0 8 7 1 6 2 5 9 e t 3 4 | ||||||
P: | 0 4 5 t 7 6 1 8 e 2 9 3 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: "Gemini", from Tierkreis[62] |
1974–75 | 6-Z41 | 6-Z12 | — | |
I: | 0 8 7 2 5 6 e 4 1 t 3 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 4 8 9 3 2 t e 7 6 5 1 |
Robert Moevs: Three Symphonic Pieces, mov. 2[77] |
1954–55 | 6-Z17 | 6-Z43 | all-trichord | |
I: | 0 8 4 3 9 t 2 1 5 6 7 e | ||||||
P: | 0 4 t 6 3 8 7 2 5 9 1 e |
Juan Carlos Paz: Canciones y Baladas, Balada II[78] |
1936 | 6–34 | 6–34 | — | |
I: | 0 8 2 6 9 4 5 t 7 3 e 1 | ||||||
P: | 0 5 1 2 3 9 8 t 4 e 6 7 |
Alban Berg: Lulu, Chorale[44] |
1934 | 6-Z39 | 6-Z10 | — | |
I: | 0 7 e t 9 3 4 2 8 1 6 5 | ||||||
P: | 0 5 1 4 2 3 9 8 t 7 e 6 |
Michael Gielen: Six Songs, for bass, violin, viola, clarinet, bass clarinet, and piano[79] |
1958 | 6–1 | 6–1 | retrograde-symmetrical all-interval row, all- combinatorial hexachords | |
I: | 0 7 e 8 t 9 3 4 2 5 1 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 5 1 4 t 8 e 9 3 6 2 7 |
Alfred Schnittke: Concerto Grosso No. 3[3] |
1985 | 6–31 | 6–31 | — | |
I: | 0 7 e 8 2 4 1 3 9 6 t 5 | ||||||
P: | 0 5 2 7 4 9 6 e 8 1 t 3 |
Benjamin Britten: The Turn of the Screw[80] |
1954 | 6–32 | 6–32 | — | |
I: | 0 7 t 5 8 3 6 1 4 e 2 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 5 2 7 t 1 e 4 6 8 9 3 |
Dmitri Shostakovich: Symphony No. 14, mov. III[81] |
1969 | 6-Z47 | 6-Z25 | — | |
I: | 0 7 t 5 2 e 1 8 6 4 3 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 5 2 t 1 7 8 6 e 4 9 3 |
Alban Berg: Lulu, Countess Geschwitz[24][44][53] |
1934 | 6-Z47 | 6-Z25 | — | |
I: | 0 7 t 2 e 5 4 6 1 8 3 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 5 4 7 t 6 e 8 1 9 2 3 |
Igor Stravinsky: Threni[2] |
1958 | 6-Z41 | 6-Z12 | — | |
I: | 0 7 8 5 2 6 1 4 e 3 t 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 5 7 4 2 3 9 1 8 e t 6 |
Milton Babbitt: Three Compositions for Piano, no. I[82] |
1947 | 6–8 | 6–8 | — | |
I: | 0 7 5 8 t 9 3 e 4 1 2 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 5 7 6 e 3 4 2 9 8 t 1 |
Alban Berg: Lulu, Acrobat/Athlete[24][44][53] |
1934 | 6-Z17 | 6-Z43 | all-trichord | |
I: | 0 7 5 6 1 9 8 t 3 4 2 e | ||||||
P: | 0 5 9 t 4 7 6 e 1 2 8 3 |
|
Alban Berg: Lulu, Dr. Schön[44][52][53] |
1934 | 6-Z25 | 6-Z47 | — |
I: | 0 7 3 2 8 5 6 1 e t 4 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 5 e 6 3 2 8 7 9 t 4 1 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: "Leo", from Tierkreis[62] |
1974–75 | 6Z-13 | 6-Z42 | — | |
I: | 0 7 1 6 9 t 4 5 3 2 8 e | ||||||
P: | 0 6 4 2 8 9 3 1 e t 7 5 |
Igor Stravinsky: Elegy for J.F.K.[2] |
1964 | 6–34 | 6–34 | — | |
I: | 0 6 8 t 4 3 9 e 1 2 5 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 6 4 3 2 9 t 5 7 8 e 1 |
Karel Husa: Mosaïques[83] |
1960 | 6-Z45 | 6-Z23 | — | |
I: | 0 6 8 9 t 3 2 7 5 4 1 e | ||||||
P: | 0 6 5 1 e 7 4 8 9 3 2 t |
Arnold Schoenberg: "De Profundis", Op. 50b[3] |
1950 | 6–7 | 6–7 | — | |
I: | 0 6 7 e 1 5 8 4 3 9 t 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 6 5 2 3 4 7 8 9 t e 1 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: "Sagittarius", from Tierkreis[62] |
1974–75 | 6–2 | 6–2 | — | |
I: | 0 6 7 t 9 8 5 4 3 2 1 e | ||||||
P: | 0 6 5 e t 4 3 9 8 2 1 7 |
Witold Lutosławski: Musique funèbre (Funeral Music)[84] |
1954–58 | 6–7 | 6–7 | — | |
I: | 0 6 7 1 2 8 9 3 4 t e 5 | ||||||
P: | 0 6 7 8 9 1 2 5 e 4 t 3 |
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: String Quartet in E♭ major, K. 428 |
6–5 | 6–5 | — | ||
I: | 0 6 5 4 3 e t 7 1 8 2 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 6 8 5 7 e 4 3 9 t 1 2 |
|
Arnold Schoenberg: Variations, Op. 31[78][86][87] |
1926–28 | 6–5 | 6–5 | Bach motif |
I: | 0 6 4 7 5 1 8 9 3 2 e t | ||||||
P: | 0 6 8 t 2 4 9 5 3 e 7 1 |
Arnold Schoenberg: Three Songs, Op. 48[63] |
1933 | 6–35 | 6–35 | — | |
I: | 0 6 4 2 t 8 3 7 9 1 5 e | ||||||
P: | 0 6 9 2 8 t 4 7 1 e 3 5 |
Josef Matthias Hauer: Salambo, op. 60[88] |
1929 | 6-21 | 6-21 | — | |
I: | 0 6 3 t 4 2 8 5 e 1 9 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 6 t 7 9 8 3 2 4 1 5 e |
Michel Fano: Sonata for Two Pianos[89] | 1951 | 6-Z3 | 6-Z36 | retrograde- | |
I: | 0 6 2 5 3 4 9 t 8 e 7 1 | ||||||
P: | 0 6 t 8 4 7 2 5 1 e 3 9 |
Ben Johnston: String Quartet No. 7, mov. 2[90] |
1984 | 6–21 | 6–21 | just intonation: | |
I: | 0 6 2 4 8 5 t 7 e 1 9 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 7 1 t e 9 5 8 4 3 2 6 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Klavierstück IV |
1952 | 6–2 | 6–2 | — | |
I: | 0 5 e 2 1 3 7 4 8 9 t 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 7 2 1 e 8 3 5 9 t 4 6 |
|
Arnold Schoenberg: Piano Piece, op. 33a[24][91] |
1928 | 6–5 | 6–5 | — |
I: | 0 5 t e 1 4 9 7 3 2 8 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 7 3 t 2 6 9 1 4 8 e 5 |
Alberto Ginastera: Quintet, op. 29[28] |
1963 | 6–31 | 6–31 | — | |
I: | 0 5 9 2 t 6 3 e 8 4 1 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 7 4 e 6 t 3 9 1 8 5 2 |
Elliott Carter: Piano Concerto, Orchestra[92] |
1964–65 | 6-Z43 | 6-Z17 | all-trichord | |
I: | 0 5 8 1 6 2 9 3 e 4 7 t | ||||||
P: | 0 7 6 4 5 9 8 t 3 1 e 2 |
Igor Stravinsky: Requiem Canticles, 2nd series[2] |
1966 | 6-Z40 | 6-Z11 | — | |
I: | 0 5 6 8 7 3 4 2 9 e 1 t | ||||||
P: | 0 7 6 e 9 1 4 t 8 5 2 3 |
Ernst Krenek: String Quartet No. 7, op. 96[58] |
1943–44 | 6-Z12 | 6-Z41 | — | |
I: | 0 5 6 1 3 e 8 2 4 7 t 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 7 e 2 1 9 3 5 t 6 8 4 |
Arnold Schoenberg: Piano Concerto, Op. 42[93][94] |
1942 | 6–9 | 6–9 | inversional | |
I: | 0 5 1 t e 3 9 7 2 6 4 8 | ||||||
P: | 0 7 e 8 2 t 6 9 5 4 1 3 |
Anton Webern: Op. 23[95] |
1933 | 6-Z10 | 6-Z39 | — | |
I: | 0 5 1 4 t 2 6 3 7 8 e 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 7 e t 2 9 6 1 5 4 8 3 |
Ross Lee Finney: Edge of Shadow[21] |
1959 | 6–8 | 6–8 | — | |
I: | 0 5 1 2 t 3 6 e 7 8 4 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 7 e t 9 8 3 6 4 1 5 2 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: "Cancer", from Tierkreis[62] |
1974–75 | 6–1 | 6–1 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 5 1 2 3 4 9 6 8 e 7 t | ||||||
P: | 0 8 1 7 2 e 9 6 4 5 3 t |
Arnold Schoenberg: String Trio, Op. 45[96] |
1946 | 6–5 | 6–5 | — | |
I: | 0 4 e 5 t 1 3 6 8 7 9 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 8 1 t 9 e 5 3 4 7 2 6 [97][98] |
|
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Klavierstück VII Klavierstück IX Klavierstück X |
1955 1955–57 1961 1961 |
6–1 | 6–1 | all- combinatorial hexachord, retrograde-symmetrical |
I: | 0 4 e 2 3 1 7 9 8 5 t 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 8 1 e t 7 5 9 4 6 3 2 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Klavierstück V (row of original 1954 version)[99] Klavierstück VIII[100] |
1954–55 1954 |
6-Z3 | 6-Z36 | — | |
I: | 0 4 e 1 2 5 7 3 8 6 9 t | ||||||
P: | 0 8 4 9 t 3 1 6 e 2 7 5 |
Elliott Carter: Piano Concerto, Solo[ist][92] |
1964–65 | 6-Z17 | 6-Z43 | all-interval | |
I: | 0 4 8 3 2 9 e 6 1 t 5 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 8 5 t 7 1 6 4 e 2 3 9 |
|
Alban Berg: Lulu, Alwa[44][52][53] |
1934 | 6-Z25 | 6-Z47 | — |
I: | 0 4 7 2 5 e 6 8 1 t 9 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 8 7 t 4 5 2 9 e 3 1 6 |
Elliott Carter: A Symphony of Three Orchestras[92] |
1976 | 6-Z24 | 6-Z46 | ordered in | |
I: | 0 4 5 2 8 7 t 3 1 9 e 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 8 7 e t 9 3 1 4 2 6 5 |
|
Anton Webern: Variations for piano, mov. III, op. 27[101][102] |
1936 | 6–1 | 6–1 | all- combinatorial |
I: | 0 4 5 1 2 3 9 e 8 t 6 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 8 e t 2 1 4 3 7 6 9 5 |
Anton Webern: Op. 29[103][35] |
1938 | 6–2 | 6–2 | semi- P0 = RI5 | |
I: | 0 4 1 2 t e 8 9 5 6 3 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 8 e t 4 6 7 1 5 3 9 2 |
Ernst Krenek: Sestina, op. 161[58] |
1957 | 6–22 | 6–22 | — | |
I: | 0 4 1 2 8 6 5 e 7 9 3 t | ||||||
P: | 0 9 1 3 4 e 2 8 7 5 t 6 |
Luigi Dallapiccola: Piccola musica notturna[104] |
1954 | 6–8 | 6–8 | — | |
I: | 0 3 e 9 8 1 t 4 5 7 2 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 9 1 8 4 5 7 2 3 6 t e |
Milton Babbitt: Composition for Synthesizer[105] |
1961 | 6–20 | 6–20 | — | |
I: | 0 3 e 4 8 7 5 t 9 6 2 1 | ||||||
P: | 0 9 1 e t 2 8 7 5 4 6 3 |
|
Milton Babbitt: Composition for Four Instruments[106][107] |
1948 | 6–1 | 6–1 | all- combinatorial |
I: | 0 3 e 1 2 t 4 5 7 8 6 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 9 2 3 e t 5 4 1 6 7 8 |
Igor Stravinsky: Epitaphium[2] |
1959 | 6-Z3 | 6-Z36 | — | |
I: | 0 3 t 9 1 2 7 8 e 6 5 4 | ||||||
P: | 0 9 2 8 7 5 6 1 3 4 t e |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: "Capricorn", from Tierkreis[62] |
1974–75 | 6-Z47 | 6-Z25 | — | |
I: | 0 3 t 4 5 7 6 e 9 8 2 1 | ||||||
P: | 0 9 8 4 7 6 1 t 3 5 e 2 |
David Dzubay: Di/Con[ver(gence/sions)][3] | 1988 | 6-Z39 | 6-Z10 | — | |
I: | 0 3 4 8 5 6 e 2 9 7 1 t | ||||||
P: | 0 9 8 e t 2 3 4 5 7 1 6 |
Anton Webern: Op. 22[108] |
1929–30 | 6–2 | 6–2 | semi- | |
I: | 0 3 4 1 2 t 9 8 7 5 e 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 9 e 2 4 1 7 t 8 5 3 6 |
Milton Babbitt: Composition for Four Instruments, row ii[26] |
1948 | 6–8 | 6–8 | — | |
I: | 0 3 1 t 8 e 5 2 4 7 9 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 t 1 2 5 4 6 3 7 e 8 9 |
Pierre Boulez: Le marteau sans maître[3][109] |
1953–55 | 6-Z10 | 6-Z39 | — | |
I: | 0 2 e t 7 8 6 9 5 1 4 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 t 3 4 2 7 6 9 8 e 1 5 |
Charles Ives: Tone Roads No. 1[110] |
1911 | 6-Z46 | 6-Z24 | — | |
I: | 0 2 9 8 t 5 6 3 4 1 e 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 t 3 e 8 7 1 2 5 9 4 6 |
Elliott Carter: Night Fantasies[111] |
1982 | 6–14 | 6–14 | — | |
I: | 0 2 9 1 4 5 e t 7 3 8 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 t 9 8 7 5 e 1 2 3 4 6 |
Milton Babbitt: Composition for Four Instruments, row i[26] |
1948 | 6–8 | 6–8 | — | |
I: | 0 2 3 4 5 7 1 e t 9 8 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 t 9 e 7 2 8 1 4 6 5 3 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Kreuzspiel[112] |
1951 | 6-Z50 | 6-Z29 | — | |
I: | 0 2 3 1 5 t 4 e 8 6 7 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 1 2 9 8 t 7 5 6 4 3 |
Igor Stravinsky: Agon, "Double Pas de Quatre"[2][113] |
1957 | 6-Z3 | 6-Z36 | — | |
I: | 0 1 e t 3 4 2 5 7 6 8 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 1 3 4 2 5 7 6 8 t 9 |
Igor Stravinsky: Fanfare[2] |
1964 | 6–1 | 6–1 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 1 e 9 8 t 7 5 6 4 2 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 1 3 4 2 7 6 9 5 8 t |
Igor Stravinsky: Canticum Sacrum, II & IV[2] |
1955 | 6–1 | 6–1 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 1 e 9 8 t 5 6 3 7 4 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 1 7 9 8 t 4 6 5 2 3 |
Chen Yi: Woodwind Quintet[3][36] |
1987 | 6-Z4 | 6-Z37 | — | |
I: | 0 1 e 5 3 4 2 8 6 7 t 9 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 2 1 3 4 9 t 7 8 6 5 |
Arvo Pärt: Diagrams[55] |
1964 | 6–1 | 6–1 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 1 t e 9 8 3 2 5 4 6 7 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 2 1 5 6 3 4 8 7 t 9 |
|
Anton Webern: String Quartet, Op. 28:[103][66][101] |
1936 | 6–5 | 6–5 | derived: 4–1 (BACH motif), semi- |
I: | 0 1 t e 7 6 9 8 4 5 2 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 2 3 4 1 6 5 8 9 t 7 |
Alberto Ginastera: Violin Concerto, op. 30[28] |
1963 | 6–1 | 6–1 | all- combinatorial | |
I: | 0 1 t 9 8 e 6 7 4 3 2 5 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 2 9 5 3 4 8 t 7 1 6 |
Elliott Carter: String Quartet No. 3[114] |
1973 | 6-Z23 | 6-Z45 | — | |
I: | 0 1 t 3 7 9 8 4 2 5 e 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 3 1 7 9 6 2 t 5 8 4 |
Arnold Schoenberg: Violin Phantasy, Op. 47[115][116] |
1949 | 6–21 | 6–21 | — | |
I: | 0 1 9 e 5 3 6 t 2 7 4 8 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 3 2 1 8 6 9 t 7 5 4 |
Igor Stravinsky: Double Canon[2] |
1959 | 6-Z36 | 6-Z3 | — | |
I: | 0 1 9 t e 4 6 3 2 5 7 8 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 3 4 8 7 9 5 6 1 2 t |
|
Anton Webern: Concerto for Nine Instruments, Op. 24[24][67][86][91][117] |
1934 | 6–20 | 6–20 | all- combinatorial, derived: 3–3 |
I: | 0 1 9 8 4 5 3 7 6 e t 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 4 5 7 3 2 6 8 1 t 9 |
David Lewin: Just a Minute, Roger[118] |
1978 | 6–16 | 6–16 | — | |
I: | 0 1 8 7 5 9 t 6 4 e 2 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 5 2 1 6 3 8 7 4 t 9 |
Alfred Schnittke: Viola Concerto[3] |
1985 | 6–5 | 6–5 | — | |
I: | 0 1 7 t e 6 9 4 5 8 2 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 5 9 6 2 7 3 1 4 t 9 |
Luigi Dallapiccola: Cinque Canti[35] |
6-Z50 | 6-Z29 | RI-invariant: P0 = RI9 | ||
I: | 0 1 7 3 6 t 5 9 e 8 2 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 6 5 4 3 1 t 9 7 2 8 |
Pierre Boulez: Structures Ia[3][66] |
1952 | 6–5 | 6–5 | — | |
I: | 0 1 6 7 8 9 e 2 3 5 t 4 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 6 5 7 1 8 2 t 3 4 9 |
George Perle: Three Inventions for Piano, no. 3[119] |
6–7 | 6–7 | all- combinatorial | ||
I: | 0 1 6 7 5 e 4 t 2 9 8 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 7 1 2 9 3 8 t 4 5 6 |
|
Alban Berg: Lyric Suite, mov. III[120] |
1925–26 | 6–9 | 6–9 | — |
I: | 0 1 5 e t 3 9 4 2 8 7 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 7 1 4 8 3 9 t 2 5 6 |
|
Alban Berg: Lyric Suite, mov. VI, row 1[121] |
1925–26 | 6-Z44 | 6-Z19 | — |
I: | 0 1 5 e 8 4 9 3 2 t 7 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 7 4 2 9 3 8 t 1 5 6 |
|
Fritz Heinrich Klein[122]
Alban Berg: Alberto Ginastera: |
1920– 1925–26 1976 |
6–32 | 6–32 | Mother chord (all-interval) Trichordally combinatorial: 0369[125] |
I: | 0 1 5 8 t 3 9 4 2 e 7 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 7 8 3 1 2 t 6 5 4 9 |
Arnold Schoenberg: String quartet No. 4[63][115] |
1936 | 6–16 | 6–16 | — | |
I: | 0 1 5 4 9 e t 2 6 7 8 3 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 8 4 7 3 1 5 2 6 9 t |
Arnold Schoenberg: Modern Psalm, Op. 50c[3] |
1950 | 6–20 | 6–20 | — | |
I: | 0 1 4 8 5 9 e 7 t 6 3 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 8 9 7 6 1 5 4 3 2 t |
|
Alban Berg: Lyric Suite, row 2[121] |
1925–26 | 6-Z3 | 6-Z36 | — |
I: | 0 1 4 3 5 6 e 7 8 9 t 2 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 9 2 t 7 1 4 8 3 5 6 |
Milton Babbitt: "The Widow's Lament in Springtime"[126] |
1951 | 6–8 | 6–8 | — | |
I: | 0 1 3 t 2 5 e 8 4 9 7 6 | ||||||
P: | 0 e 9 4 3 t 8 7 5 6 1 2 |
Dmitri Shostakovich: Symphony No. 14, mov. I[81] |
1969 | 6–5 | 6–5 | — | |
I: | 0 1 3 8 9 2 4 5 7 6 e t | ||||||
P: | 0 e 9 6 t 8 7 5 2 4 3 1 |
Igor Stravinsky: Canticum Sacrum, II[2] |
1955 | 6–2 | 6–2 | — | |
I: | 0 1 3 6 2 4 5 7 t 8 9 e | ||||||
P: | 0 e t 1 3 2 4 9 8 6 5 7 |
Alfred Schnittke: String Quartet No. 4, Mov. I[3] |
1989 | 6–1 | 6–1 | all- | |
I: | 0 1 2 e 9 t 8 3 4 6 7 5 | ||||||
P: | 0 e t 5 6 9 7 1 2 8 3 4 |
Arvo Pärt: Symphony No. 1 Perpetuum Mobile[55] |
1963 1963 |
6–5 | 6–5 | — | |
I: | 0 1 2 7 6 3 5 e t 4 9 8 |
Other lengths
Less than twelve
- Five
Prime form | Notation | Composer: Composition |
Year | Set(s) | Features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 e 8 9 t | Igor Stravinsky: In memoriam Dylan Thomas[127] |
1954 | 5–1 | — |
- Six
Prime form | Notation | Composer: Composition |
Year | Set(s) | Features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 6 9 8 1 e [128][129][130][131] |
|
Pierre Boulez: Messagesquisse Dérive 1 sur Incises |
1976
1984 1984 1994 1996 |
6-Z11, (6-Z40) | Musical cryptogram: Paul Sacher |
Conrad Beck: Für Paul Sacher: Drei Epigramme für Violoncello solo |
1976 | ||||
Luciano Berio: Les Mots sont allés | |||||
Benjamin Britten: Tema "Sacher" | |||||
Henri Dutilleux: Trois Strophes sur le nom de Sacher | |||||
Wolfgang Fortner: Zum Spielen für den 70. Geburtstag: Thema und Variationen für Violoncello Solo | |||||
Alberto Ginastera :Puneña n° 2, op. 45 | |||||
Cristóbal Halffter: Variationen über das Thema eSACHERe | |||||
Hans Werner Henze: Capriccio per Paul Sacher | |||||
Heinz Holliger: Chaconne, für Violoncello Solo | |||||
Klaus Huber: Transpositio ad infinitum | |||||
Witold Lutosławski: Sacher-Variationen | |||||
0 9 8 7 1 4 | |
Arnold Schoenberg: Die glückliche Hand, Op. 18[132] |
1910–13 1913–16 |
6-Z44 (6-Z19) | Schoenberg hexachord |
- Eight
Prime form | Notation | Composer: Composition |
Year | Set(s) | Features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 2 8 9 t 4 3 e |
Alban Berg: Lyric Suite[44] |
1925–26 | 8–5 | — | |
0 2 9 7 t 8 e 1 |
Joonas Kokkonen: Symphonic Sketches, mov. 3, row B[40] |
1968 | 8–1 | — | |
0 7 1 6 8 2 3 4 |
Alban Berg: Lyric Suite[44] |
1925–26 | 8–5 | — | |
0 8 2 3 t 4 9 e |
Alban Berg: Lyric Suite[44] |
1925–26 | 8–5 | — | |
0 t 2 4 5 7 3 1 |
Igor Stravinsky: Agon, "Pas-de-Deux" refrain (b. 463–72)[133] |
1957 | 8–10 | — | |
0 t 3 5 2 4 1 e |
Joonas Kokkonen: Symphonic Sketches, mov. 3, row C[40] |
1968 | 8–1 | — |
- Nine
Prime form | Notation | Composer: Composition |
Year | Set(s) | Features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 2 e 4 9 7 8 6 1 |
Joonas Kokkonen: Symphonic Sketches, mov. 3, row D[40] |
1968 | 9–8 | — |
- Ten
Prime form | Notation | Composer: Composition |
Year | Set(s) | Features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 e 2 1 5 6 4 9 7 8 |
Arvo Pärt: Collage sur B-A-C-H[55] |
1964 | — | BACH motif |
- Eleven
Prime form | Notation | Composer: Composition |
Year | Set(s) | Features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 1 e 5 6 8 7 9 2 3 4 |
Karel Husa: Music for Prague 1968[3] |
1968 | — | — | |
0 4 3 e 2 7 6 8 t 5 1 |
|
Aaron Copland: Inscape row 1[134] |
1967 | — | — |
0 7 3 9 2 4 6 t 7 e 1 |
Aaron Copland: Inscape row 2[134] |
1967 | — | — | |
0 e t 4 6 2 1 9 8 5 3 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Licht, Lucifer formula[70][135] |
1977– 2003 |
— | — |
More than twelve
- Thirteen
Prime form | Notation | Composer: Composition |
Year | Set(s) | Features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 1 4 5 t 8 7 t e 6 3 2 9 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: "Taurus", from Tierkreis[62] |
1974–75 | — | — | |
0 1 t 6 8 3 5 2 4 e 9 7 0 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Choral[136] |
1950 | — | — | |
0 3 e 8 5 4 9 2 1 t 7 3 6 |
Luciano Berio: Nones[137][138] |
1953–54 | — | — | |
0 4 1 5 7 t 2 8 e 9 3 6 9 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: "Pisces", from Tierkreis[62] |
1974–75 | — | — | |
0 7 8 6 e t 2 5 1 3 9 4 0 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Licht, Michael formula[70] |
1977– 2003 |
— | — | |
0 e 2 4 t 9 7 3 7 1 8 5 6 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: "Virgo", from Tierkreis[62] |
1974–75 | — | — | |
0 e 4 t 9 5 8 6 2 1 6 7 3 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Klavierstück IV (first row of 48)[65] |
1952 | 6-Z38, 6-Z6 | — |
- Fourteen
Prime form | Notation | Composer: Composition |
Year | Set(s) | Features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 1 t 3 9 4 6 7 4 5 7 3 8 e |
|
Karlheinz Stockhausen: "Libra", from Tierkreis[62] |
1974–75 | — | — |
0 1 t 9 2 8 e 7 3 5 6 4 0 2 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Inori[139] |
1973–74 | — | — | |
0 e 2 4 1 8 t e 9 4 7 5 3 6 |
Joonas Kokkonen: Cello Concerto, mov. 3, row A[40] |
1969 | — | — |
- Seventeen
Prime form | Notation | Composer: Composition |
Year | Set(s) | Features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 2 1 e t 8 9 e t 0 1 e t 0 e 9 0 |
Igor Stravinsky: Agon, b. 104[140] |
1957 | — | — | |
0 2 3 5 4 9 7 8 e 1 6 e t 0 e 9 0 |
Igor Stravinsky: Agon, "Bransles"[140] |
1957 | 6-Z40, 6-Z11 | — |
- Twenty-two
Prime form | Notation | Composer: Composition |
Year | Set(s) | Features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 e 6 8 7 2 1 3 t 9 4 6 9 7 8 3 1 2 4 e t 0 |
Joonas Kokkonen: Cello Concerto, mov. 3, row B[40] |
1969 | — | — |
- Twenty-four
Prime form | Notation | Composer: Composition |
Year | Set(s) | Features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 1 12 14 23 22 19 18 20 21 3 4 16 13 6 15 8 7 17 10 9 11 2 5 |
Pierre Boulez: Polyphonie X, quarter-tone series[141] |
1950–51 | — | — | |
0 20 1 10 9 11 17 15 16 7 2 6 23 21 22 13 8 12 18 14 19 4 3 5 |
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Himmelfahrt, mod24 (no octave equivalency)[142] |
2004– 2005 |
— | — |
See also
Sources
- ↑ Bailey, Kathryn (1991). The Twelve-Note Music of Anton Webern: Old Forms in a New Language, p.28. ISBN 9780521547963.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Kuster, Andrew (2000). "Stravinsky's Topology: An Examination of his Twelve-Tone Works through Object-Oriented Analysis of Structural and Poetic-Expressive Relationships with Special Attention to his Choral Works and Threni". D.M.A. diss. (University of Colorado). Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Dunker, Amy. "Twelve Tone Rows Used by Various Composers". AmyDunker.com: 3. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- 1 2 3 Hunter, David J.; von Hippel, Paul T. (Feb., 2003). "How Rare Is Symmetry in Musical 12-Tone Rows?". The American Mathematical Monthly (Mathematical Association of America) 110 (2): 124–132. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- ↑ Whittall, Arnold (2008). The Cambridge Introduction to Serialism. Cambridge Introductions to Music. New York: Cambridge University Press. p.71. ISBN 978-0-521-68200-8.
- ↑ Whittall (2008), p.2.
- ↑ Dunker, Amy. "Twelve Tone Rows Used by Various Composers". AmyDunker.com: 1. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- ↑ Lewin, David (Autumn, 1962). "A Theory of Segmental Association in Twelve-Tone Music". Perspectives of New Music 1 (1): 89–116. Retrieved 11 November 2013. Citation on p.93.
- ↑ Mayfield, Connie (2013). Theory Essentials. p. 549. ISBN 9781133713807.
- 1 2 Morris, Robert (2010). The Whistling Blackbird: Essays and Talks on New Music, p.188. University Rochester. ISBN 9781580463492.
- ↑ Brian Alegant and Martin Lofthouse, "Having Your Cake and Eating It, Too: The Property of Reflection in Twelve-Tone Rows (Or, Further Extensions on the Mallelieu Complex)", Perspectives of New Music 40, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 233–72. Citation on pp. 235–37. JSTOR 25164497
- 1 2 Bailey (1991), p. 26.
- ↑ Leeuw, Ton de (2005). Music of the Twentieth Century: A Study of Its Elements and Structure. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 161. ISBN 90-5356-765-8. Translated from the Dutch by Stephen Taylor. Translation of Muziek van de twintigste eeuw: een onderzoek naar haar elementen en structuur. Utrecht: Oosthoek, 1964. Third impression, Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, 1977. ISBN 90-313-0244-9.
- ↑ Smyth, David. 1999. "Stravinsky's Second Crisis: Reading the Early Serial Sketches". Perspectives of New Music 37, no. 2 (Summer): 117–46. Citation on pp. 126–27, 134, 142.
- 1 2 Pearsall, Edward (2012). Twentieth-Century Music Theory and Practice, p.217. ISBN 9780415888950.
- ↑ Archibald, Bruce (1978). "Reviews of Records: Walter Piston: Symphony No. 7, Symphony No. 8, Louisville Orchestra, Jorge Mester; Walter Piston: Symphony No. 5, Louisville Orchestra, Robert Whitney; Walter Piston: Concerto for Viola and Orchestra, Paul Doktor, viola, Louisville Orchestra, Robert Whitney; Walter Piston: The Incredible Flutist, Louisville Orchestra, Jorge Mester". The Musical Quarterly 64 (2): 267. pp. 263–68.
- ↑ "An Interview with Roger Reynolds", Performance Arts Encyclopedia. Accessed May 27, 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ernst Krenek, "Extents and Limits of Serial Techniques", The Musical Quarterly 46, no. 2, Special Issue: Problems of Modern Music. The Princeton Seminar in Advanced Musical Studies (April 1960): pp. 210–32. Citation on p. 212.
- ↑ Babbitt, Milton (2011). The Collected Essays of Milton Babbitt. p. 94. ISBN 9780691089669.
- ↑ Kholopov, Yuri; Tsenova, Valeria (1997). Edison Denisov. p. 81. ISBN 9780203479599.
- 1 2 Cooper, Paul (1975). Perspectives in Music Theory, p.266. ISBN 0-396-06752-2.
- ↑ Luigi Dallapiccola, "Notes for an Analysis of the Canti di Liberazione", translated by Chloe Stodt. Perspectives of New Music 38, no. 1 (Winter 2000): 2–24. Citation on p. 10. Accessed 16 November 2013.
- ↑ Lewin (1962), pp. 113–15.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Dunker, Amy. "Twelve Tone Rows Used by Various Composers". AmyDunker.com: 2. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- ↑ "A Survivor from Warsaw: the twelve-note row". AEIOU.at. Retrieved 13 November 2013. ( (German))
- 1 2 3 4 5 Stephen Arnold and Graham Hair, "An Introduction and a Study: String Quartet No. 3", Perspectives of New Music 14, no. 2 and 15, no. 1 (Spring-Summer/Fall-Winter 1976): 155–86. Citation on p. 159.
- ↑ Kholopov & Tsenova (1997), p.103. ISBN 9780203479599.
- 1 2 3 4 Fobes, Christopher Anderson (2006). "A Theoretical Investigation of Twelve-tone Rows, Harmonic Aggregates, and Non-twelve-tone Materials in the Late Music of Alberto Ginastera", PhD diss. (Buffalo: State University of New York at Buffalo, 2006): pp. 152–4 & 161.
- ↑ Jonathan Harvey, The Music of Stockhausen: An Introduction (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1975): p. 93. ISBN 0-520-02311-0.
- ↑ Genevieve Marcus, "Stockhausen's Zeitmasse", The Music Review 29, no. 2 (May 1968): 142–56. Citation on p. 144.
- ↑ Rigoni, Michel (1998). Stockhausen: ... un vaisseau lancé vers le ciel (second edition, revised, corrected, and enlarged ed.). Lillebonne: Millénaire III Editions. pp. 141–42. ISBN 978-2911906022.
- 1 2 Bailey (1991), p.27.
- ↑ Leeuw. 2005. p. 158. ISBN 90-5356-765-8.
- ↑ Nolan, Catherine (1995). "Structural Levels and Twelve-Tone Music: A Revisionist Analysis of the Second Movement of Webern's 'Piano Variations Op. 27'". Journal of Music Theory 39 (1 (Spring)): 49–50. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 Alegent, Brian (2010). The Twelve-tone Music of Luigi Dallapiccola, p.48. ISBN 9781580463256.
- 1 2 Guo, Xin (2003-01-01). "Chinese Musical Language Interpreted by Western Idioms: Fusion Process in the Instrumental Works by Chen Yi". Dissertation. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
- ↑ Leeuw. 2005. p. 177. ISBN 90-5356-765-8.
- ↑ Carola Nielinger, "'The Song Unsung': Luigi Nono's Il canto sospeso", Journal of the Royal Musical Association 131, no. 1 (2006): 83–150. Citation on p. 97.
- ↑ Slonimsky, Nicolas (1975). Thesaurus of Scales and Melodic Patterns, p. 243. ISBN 0-8256-1449-X.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jurkowski, Edward (2004). The Music of Joonas Kokkonen, pp.78, 84, & 184. ISBN 9780754607892.
- ↑ Smyth (Summer 1999), pp. 126–27, 142.
- ↑ Wiens, Carl Kristian (1997). Igor Stravinsky and Agon, p.168. University of Michigan.
- 1 2 Jacobi, Bonnie S. (2000). "The Bransles of Stravinsky's Agon: A Transition to Serial Composition", Moores School of Music.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Headlam, David John (1996). The Music of Alban Berg, pp.265, 304, & 306. ISBN 9780300064001.
- 1 2 Pople, Anthony (1991). Berg: Violin Concerto. pp. 18 & 21. ISBN 0-521-39976-9.
- ↑ Eric Walter White, "Two New Memorial Works by Stravinsky", Tempo, new series, no. 74 (Autumn 1965), pp. 18–21.
- ↑ Claudio Spies, "Notes on Stravinsky's Variations", Perspectives of New Music 4, no. 1 (Autumn-Winter 1965): pp. 62–74. Citation on p. 66.
- ↑ Igor Stravinsky and Robert Craft, Themes and Episodes (NewYork: Alfred A. Knopf,1967): p. 60.
- ↑ Jerome Kohl, "Exposition in Stravinsky's Orchestral Variations", Perspectives of New Music 18, nos. 1 and 2 (Autumn 1979 – Summer 1980): pp. 391–405. Citation on pp. 391–92.
- ↑ Paul Schuyler Phillips, "The Enigma of 'Variations': A Study of Stravinsky's Final Work for Orchestra", Music Analysis 3, no. 1 (March 1984): pp. 69–89. Citation on p. 69.
- ↑ Smyth (Summer 1999), pp. 139–40, 142.
- 1 2 3 4 Whittall (2008), p.81.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hailey, Christopher, ed. (2010). Alban Berg and His World. p. 215. ISBN 9781400836475.
- ↑ Herman Sabbe, Het muzikale serialisme als techniek en als denkmethode: Een onderzoek naar de logische en historische samenhang van de onderscheiden toepassingen van het seriërend beginsel in de muziek van de periode|1950–1975 (Ghent: Rijksuniversiteit te Gent, 1977): 55.
- 1 2 3 4 Hillier, Paul (1997). Arvo Pärt. pp. 40, 47, & 50. ISBN 9780191590481.
- ↑ Babbitt (2011). p.350. ISBN 9781400841226.
- ↑ Krenek (April 1960), p. 229.
- 1 2 3 Stewart, John Lincoln (1991). Ernst Krenek: The Man and His Music. pp. 169, 250, & 290. ISBN 9780520070141.
- ↑ Tregear, Peter John (Mar., 2001). "Musical Style and Political Allegory in Krenek's Karl V", Cambridge Opera Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp.55–80. Citation on 73.
- ↑ Boros, James (Summer 1991). "Donald Martino's Fantasy Variations: The First Three Measures". Perspectives of New Music 29 (2): 280–93. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Huckvale, David (2008). Hammer Film Scores and the Musical Avant-Garde. p. 43. ISBN 9780786451661.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Jerome Kohl, "The Evolution of Macro- and Micro-Time Relations in Stockhausen's Recent Music", Perspectives of New Music 22, nos. 1 & 2 (Fall-Winter 1983/ Spring-Summer 1984): 147–85. ISSN 0031-6016. Retrieved November 2013. Citation on p. 151 (subscription required).
- 1 2 3 Hurry, Pam; Phillips, Mark; Richards, Mark (2001). Heinemann Advanced Music. pp. 100, 122, & 303. ISBN 9780435812584.
- ↑ Smyth (Summer 1999), pp. 136–37, 142.
- 1 2 3 Rudolf Frisius,.. Karlheinz Stockhausen II: Die Werke 1950–1977; Gespräch mit Karlheinz Stockhausen (Mainz, London, Berlin, Madrid, New York, Paris, Prague, Tokyo, Toronto: Schott Musik International, 2008): p. 73. ISBN 978-3-7957-0249-6.
- 1 2 3 Cooper (1975). p.265. ISBN 0-396-06752-2.
- 1 2 Lewin (1962), p. 94.
- ↑ Krenek (April 1960), p. 230.
- ↑ Milton Babbitt, 1976. "Responses: A First Approximation", Perspectives of New Music 14, no. 2/15, no. 1 (Spring-Summer/Fall-Winter 1976): 8–10. Citation on p. 12.
- 1 2 3 Frisius, Rudolph and Stockhausen, Karlheinz (1998). "Die Tonhöhen der Superformel für LICHT", in Karlheinz Stockhausen, Texte zur Musik 9, edited by Christoph von Blumröder, 13–33 (Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag): 13. ISBN 978-3-00-002131-2.
- ↑ Frisius; Stockhausen (1998). "Es geht aufwärts", p. 396. Blumröder, ed. ISBN 978-3-00-002131-2.
- ↑ Van den Toorn, Pieter C. (1995). Music, Politics, and the Academy, p.128-29. University of California. ISBN 0-520-20115-9. ISBN 0-520-20116-7.
- ↑ Lewin, David (1959). "Re: Intervallic Relations Between Two Collections of Notes". Journal of Music Theory 3, no. 2 (November 1959): 298–301. p.300.
- ↑ George Perle, Serial Composition and Atonality: An Introduction to the Music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern, fourth edition, revised (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1977): pp. 64–65. ISBN 0-520-03395-7.
- ↑ Babbitt, Milton. 1987. Words about Music, p.115-17. Edited by Stephen Dembski and Joseph N. Straus. The Madison Lectures. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0299107906 (cloth); ISBN 0299107949.
- ↑ Stuessy, Clarence Joseph, Jr. 1978. "The Confluence of Jazz and Classical Music from 1950 to 1970", p.166. PhD diss. Rochester: The University of Rochester, Eastman School of Music.
- ↑ Boros, James (Winter, 1990). "The Evolution of Robert Moevs's Compositional Methodology". American Music 8 (4): 383–404. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- 1 2 Sargent, David H. (1975). "The Twelve-Tone Row Technique of Juan Carlos Paz". Anuario Interamericano de Investigation Musical 11: 82–105. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Friedrich Saathen, "Current Chronicle: Austria", The Musical Quarterly 44, no. 4 (October 1958): 515–19. Citation on p. 517.
- ↑ Burton, Ian (2004). Listening Tests for Students. p. 26. ISBN 9781904226345.
- 1 2 Fairclough, Pauline (2010). Shostakovich Studies 2, Volume 2. p. 202. ISBN 9780521111188.
- ↑ Taruskin, Richard (2009). Music in the Late Twentieth Century: The Oxford History of Western Music 5. p. 137. ISBN 9780199796007.
- ↑ Craig Cummings. "Compositional Techniques in Karel Husa's Early Serial Works Poème and Mosaïques". Ex-tempore.org. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Peck, Robert W. (August 2003). "Klein-Bottle Tonnetze". Music Theory Online (Society for Music Theory) 9 (3). Retrieved 8 November 2013. [See: Tonnetz]
- ↑ Hans Keller, "Strict Serial Technique in Classical Music", Tempo, new series, no. 37 (Autumn 1955): 12–24. Citation on p. 16.
- 1 2 Hoffer, Charles (2010). Cengage Advantage Books: Music Listening Today. pp. 271 & 273. ISBN 9780495916147.
- ↑ Pearsall (2012). p.212. ISBN 9780415888950.
- ↑ Shaw-Miller, Simon (2004). Visible Deeds of Music: Art and Music from Wagner to Cage, p.270, n.28. Yale. ISBN 9780300107531.
- ↑ Richard Toop, "Messiaen/ Goeyvaerts, Fano/ Stockhausen, Boulez", Perspectives of New Music 13, no. 1 (Autumn -Winter,1974): 141–69. Citation on p. 164
- ↑ Fonville, John (Summer, 1991). "Ben Johnston's Extended Just Intonation: A Guide for Interpreters". Perspectives of New Music 29 (2): 106–137. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- 1 2 Randel, Don Michael; ed. (2003). The Harvard Dictionary of Music, p.928. ISBN 9780674011632.
- 1 2 3 Elizabeth West Marvin and Richard Hermann, eds. (2002). Concert Music, Rock, and Jazz Since|1945: Essays and Analytical Studies, pp.72 & 80. ISBN 9781580460965. [Uses absolute notation: 5 1 0 3 9 10 7 2 4 8 6 11.]
- ↑ Roeder, Michael Thomas (1994). A History of the Concerto. p. 367. ISBN 9780931340611.
- ↑ Walter Boyce Bailey, ed. (1998). The Arnold Schoenberg Companion, p.166. Greenwood. ISBN 9780313287794.
- ↑ Bailey (1991), p.20.
- ↑ Cherlin, Michael (Autumn, 1998). "Memory and Rhetorical Trope in Schoenberg's String Trio". Journal of the American Musicological Society 51 (3): 559–602. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
- ↑ Harvey, Jonathan (1975). The Music of Stockhausen: An Introduction. pp. 42, 56–58. ISBN 0-520-02311-0.
- ↑ Robin Maconie, Other Planets: The Music Of Karlheinz Stockhausen (Lanham, Maryland; Toronto; Oxford: Scarecrow Press, 2005): 215. ISBN 0-8108-5356-6.
- ↑ Richard Toop, "Stockhausen's Other Piano Pieces." The Musical Times 124 no. 1684 (June 1983): 348–52. Citation on p. 350.
- ↑ Richard Toop, "Stockhausen's Klavierstück VIII", Miscellanea Musicologica (Adelaide) 10 (1979): 93–130. Citation on p. 99.
- 1 2 Lewin (1962), p. 95.
- ↑ Wason, Robert W. (1987). "Webern's 'Variations for Piano', Op. 27: Musical Structure and the Performance Score". Intégral 1: 74. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- 1 2 Bailey (1991), p. 25.
- ↑ Dallapiccola (Winter 2000), p. 7.
- ↑ Morris, Robert (Summer, 1997). "Listening to Milton Babbitt's Electronic Music: The Medium and the Message". Perspectives of New Music 35 (2): 85–99. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Perle, George (1991). Serial Composition and Atonality: An Introduction to the Music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern (Sixth ed.), p. 82. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520074309.
- ↑ Taruskin (2009), p.143. ISBN 9780195384857.
- ↑ Bailey (1991), p.19.
- ↑ Ulrich Mosch, Musikalisches Hören serieller Musik: Untersuchungen am Beispiel von Pierre Boulez' 'Le Marteau sans maître' (Saarbrücken: Pfau-Verlag, 2004): pp. 51, 71–72. ISBN 3-89727-253-9.
- ↑ Schoffman, Nachum; Ives, Charles (Sep., 1981). "Serialism in the Works of Charles Ives". Tempo (138): 21–32. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Marvin & Hermann, eds. (2002). p.88. ISBN 9781580460965.
- ↑ Pearsall (2012). p.206. ISBN 9780415888950.
- ↑ Vlad, Roman (1967). Stravinsky, p.199. Oxford University Press, London. Cited in Jacobi (2000).
- ↑ Marvin & Hermann, eds. (2002). p.74. ISBN 9781580460965.
- 1 2 Lewin (1962), p. 91.
- ↑ Lewin, David (Autumn-Winter, 1967). "A Study of Hexachord Levels in Schoenberg's Violin Fantasy". Perspectives of New Music 6 (1): 18–32. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Bailey (1991), p.21.
- ↑ Andrew Mead, "Some Implications of the Pitch-Class/Order-Number IsomorphismInherent in the Twelve-Tone System: Part Two; The Mallelieu Complex: Its Extensions and Related Rows", Perspectives of New Music 27, no. 1 (Winter 1989): 180–233. Citation on pp. 209–13.
- ↑ George Perle, Serial Composition and Atonality: An Introduction to the Music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern, fourth edition, revised (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1977): p. 131. ISBN 0-520-03395-7.
- ↑ Stroh, Wolfgang Martin (Fall-Winter 1968). "Alban Berg's 'Constructive Rhythm'". Perspectives of New Music 7 (1): 18–31. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- 1 2 Antokoletz, Elliott (1992). Twentieth-Century Music, p.70. ISBN 9780139341267.
- ↑ Whittall (2008), p.68.
- ↑ Perle, George (1996). Twelve-Tone Tonality, pp.12, 14, & 20. ISBN 0-520-20142-6.
- ↑ Pople, Anthony, ed. (1997). The Cambridge Companion to Berg, p.288-9, no.27. ISBN 9780521564892.
- ↑ Headlam, David John (1996). The Music of Alban Berg, p.202. Yale University. ISBN 9780300064001.
- ↑ Morris (2010), p.45. ISBN 9781580463492.
- ↑ Whittall (2008), p.127.
- ↑ Whittall (2008), 206.
- ↑ Steven Stucky, Lutosławski and His Music (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981): 97. ISBN 9780521227995.
- ↑ Robin Stowell, The Cambridge Companion to the Cello (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999): 144. ISBN 9780521629287.
- ↑ Edward Campbell, Boulez, Music and Philosophy, . (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 206. ISBN 978-0-521-86242-4.
- 1 2 Simms, Bryan R. (2000). The Atonal Music of Arnold Schoenberg, 1908–1923, p.145. ISBN 0-19-512826-5.
- ↑ Smyth (Summer 1999), pp. 135.
- 1 2 3 Ensign, Jeffrey S. "From Outward Appearance to Inner Reality: A Reading of Aaron Copland's Inscape". Master of Music (Music Theory), December 2010, 72 pp.
- ↑ Frisius and Stockhausen (1998). "Es geht aufwärts", pp. 396, 446. ISBN 978-3-00-002131-2.
- ↑ Frisius, Rudolf. 2008. Karlheinz Stockhausen II: Die Werke 1950–1977; Gespräch mit Karlheinz Stockhausen, p.29. Mainz, London, Berlin, Madrid, New York, Paris, Prague, Tokyo, Toronto: Schott Musik International. ISBN 978-3-7957-0249-6.
- ↑ Michael Hicks, "Exorcism and Epiphany: Luciano Berio's Nones", Perspectives of New Music 27, no. 2 (Summer 1989): pp. 252–68. Citation on p. 254.
- ↑ Christoph Neidhöfer, "Inside Luciano Berio's Serialism", Music Analysis 28, nos. 2–3 (2009): pp. 301–48. Citation on p. 306.
- ↑ Frisius and Stockhausen (1998). "Es geht aufwärts", p. 394. ISBN 978-3-00-002131-2.
- 1 2 Smyth (Summer 1999), p. 142.
- ↑ Pierre Boulez, "The System Exposed" in Orientations: Collected Writings by Pierre Boulez, edited by Jean-Jacques Nattiez, translated by Martin Cooper, 129–42 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986): p. 129. ISBN 0-674-64375-5.
- ↑ Karlheinz Stockhausen, Stockhausen-Kurse Kürten 2006: Kompositions-Kurs über KLANG, Die 24 Stunden des Tages: Erste Stunde: HIMMELFAHRT für Orgel oder Synthesize, Sopran, Tenor, 2004/05/Stockhausen-Courses Kuerten 2006: Composition Course on KLANG/SOUND, the 24 Hours of the Day: First Hour: ASCENSION for Organ or Synthesizer, Soprano and Tenor, 2004/05, Work No. 81 (Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 2006): p. 12.
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