List of treaties of the Confederate States of America
This is a list of treaties of the Confederate States of America.
The Confederate States of America (CSA) was not officially recognized as a sovereign state by any foreign nation. Thus, the CSA did not enter into any bilateral or multilateral treaties with other states.
However, in 1861, the CSA authorized Albert Pike—the CSA "Commissioner to all the Indian Tribes West of Arkansas and South of Kansas"—to negotiate and conclude treaties with native Indian tribes resident in Indian Territory. Pike concluded nine treaties with Indian tribes between July and October 1861. Each of the nine treaties were ratified by the CSA Congress prior to the end of the year.
| Date treaty concluded | Treaty name | Other parties to treaty | Date of ratification by CSA Congress | Subject matter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 July 1861 | Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Creek Nation of Indians | Muscogee (Creek) Nation | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory | |
| 12 July 1861 | Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with Chocktaw and Chickasaw Nations of Indians | Choctaw; Chickasaw Nation | 20 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 1 August 1861 | Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Seminole Nation of Red Men | Seminole | 20 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 12 August 1861 | Treaty with the Pen-e-tegh-ca band of the Ne-um or Comanches, and the tribes and bands of Wich-i-tas, Cado-Ha-da-chos, Huecos, Ta-hua-ca-ros, A-na-dagh-cos, Ton-ca-wes, Ai-o-nais, Ki-chais, Shawnees and Delawares | Comanche; Wichita; Caddo; Waco; Tonkawa; Kichai; Shawnee; Delaware | 21 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 12 August 1861 | Treaty with the Ne-co-ni, Ta-ne-i we, Co-cho-tin-ca and Ya-pa-rih-ca bands of the Ne-um or Comanches of the Prairies and Staked Plain | Comanche | 21 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 2 October 1861 | Treaty with the Great Osage Tribe of Indians | Osage | 20 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 4 October 1861 | Treaty with the Seneca tribe of Indians, formerly known as the Senecas of Sandusky, and the Shawnees of the Tribe or Confederacy of Senecas and Shawnees formerly known as the Senecas and Shawnees of Lewistown, or the Mixed Bands of Senecas and Shawnees, each Tribe for itself | Seneca; Shawnee | 21 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 4 October 1861 | Treaty with the Quapaw Tribe of Indians | Quapaw | 21 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 7 October 1861 | Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Cherokee Nation of Indians | Cherokee (led by John Ross) | 11 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
References
- Henry Putney Beers, The Confederacy: A Guide to the Archives of the Confederate States of America (Washington DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 1968).
- Kenny A. Franks, "An Analysis of the Confederate Treaties with the Five Civilized Tribes," The Chronicles of Oklahoma 50(4):458 (1972).
External links
- "As long as grass shall grow and water run: The treaties formed by the Confederate States of America and the tribes in Indian Territory, 1861", University of Nebraska—Lincoln
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