Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission
The Provisional Government Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; also, the Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission (Polish: Komisja Rządu Tymczasowego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego; also Komisja Rządząca Tymczasowa Litewska) was a provisional administrative body for the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which had been overtaken by Napoleon's Grand Army during the 1812 French invasion of Russia.
History
The Commission was established on 1 July 1812 by order of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. Its chief tasks included the creation of Lithuanian armed forces, and the provisioning of Napoleon's troops.
Supervision of the Commission was entrusted to the former French Resident in the Duchy of Warsaw, Commissioner Louis Pierre Édouard Bignon. Actual power, however, was exercised by Dutch General Dirk van Hogendorp, former governor of Java, who was appointed governor of Vilnius.
Napoleon, contrary to the hopes reposed in him by the General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland, had not restored Polish statehood to the former Polish–Lithuanian lands. He had merely established, in the conquered territories, a provisional administration, thereby sidestepping final dispositions pending his further conquest of Russia.
Józef Wybicki, sent on 11 July 1812 to Vilnius with a deputation from the Council of the General Confederation, unsuccessfully attempted to get the Emperor to declare the restoration of the Kingdom of Poland, including the territories that had been annexed in the Partitions of Poland.
Only on 14 July 1812 did the Commission formally subordinate itself to the Council of the General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland.
After Russian troops invaded Lithuanian territory at the end of 1812, the Lithuanian government acted outside Lithuania.
Presidents
- Józef Sierakowski (to July 18, 1812)
- Stanisław Sołtan (to August 24, 1812)
- Dirk van Hogendorp (to September 1812)
- Stanisław Sołtan (to September 1813)
Secretary General: Józef Ignacy Kossakowski
Members
- Louis Pierre Édouard Bignon
- Franciszek Jelski
- Aleksander Stanisław Potocki
- Karol Prozor
- Aleksander Antoni Sapieha
- Jan Śniadecki
- Józef Sierakowski
- Ignacy Tyzenauz
References
- Janusz Iwaszkiewicz, Litwa w roku 1812 (Lithuania in 1812), Warsaw, 1912.
- Marian Kukiel, Wojna 1812 roku (The 1812 War), Kraków, 1937.
- A. Rembowski, "Konfederacja Generalna i pospolite ruszenie w roku 1812" ("The General Confederation and Levee en Masse in 1812"), Biblioteka Warszawska (The Warsaw Library), vol. 1, 1896, fascicle 3, pp. 478-514; vol. 2, 1896, fascicle 1, pp. 67-86.
- Władysław Zajewski, Józef Wybicki, Warsaw, 1983.