Matheran

Matheran
माथेरान
Hill station

Detailed map of Matheran
Matheran

Location in Maharashtra, India

Coordinates: 18°59′12″N 73°16′04″E / 18.9866°N 73.2679°E / 18.9866; 73.2679Coordinates: 18°59′12″N 73°16′04″E / 18.9866°N 73.2679°E / 18.9866; 73.2679
Country  India
State Maharashtra
District Raigad
Government
 • Type Municipal Council
 • Body Matheran Hill Station Municipal Council
Area
 • Total 7 km2 (3 sq mi)
Elevation 800 m (2,600 ft)
Population (2001)
 • Total 5,139
 • Density 730/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Marathi
 • Spoken Marathi
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 410102
Telephone code 02148
Vehicle registration MH-46
Nearest city Karjat

Matheran is a hill station and a municipal council in the Raigad district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is a hill station in Karjat Tahsil and is also the smallest hill station in India. It is located on the Western Ghats range at an elevation of around 800 m (2,625 feet) above sea level. It is located around 90 km from Mumbai, and 120 km from Pune. Matheran's proximity to many metropolitan cities makes it a popular weekend getaway for urban residents. Matheran, which means "forest on the forehead" (of the mountains) is an eco-sensitive region, declared by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. It is Asia's only automobile-free hill station.[1][2]

There are around 38 designated look-out points in Matheran, including the Panorama Point that provides a 360 degree view of the surrounding area and also the Neral town. From this point, the view of sunset and sunrise is dramatic. The Louisa Point offers crystal clear view of the Prabal Fort. The other points are the One Tree Hill Point, Heart Point, Monkey Point, Porcupine Point, Rambagh Point, and more. To stay there, there are plenty of hotels.There are a lot of Parsi bungalows. Beautiful old British-style architecture is preserved in Matheran. The roads are not metalled and are made of red laterite earth. There are many "points" (viewpoints) in Matheran which give a panoramic view of the plains below.

History

Matheran in 1911

Matheran was identified by Hugh Poyntz Malet, the then district collector of Thane district in May 1850. Lord Elphinstone, the then Governor of Bombay laid the foundations of the development as a future hill station. The British developed Matheran as a popular resort to beat the summer heat in the region. Matheran is birthplace of famous freedom fighter Veer Bhai Kotwal. He was born on 1 December 1912 in a barber family. State Govt. has built a monument in his memory. The Matheran Hill Railway was built in 1907 by Sir Adamjee Peerbhoy and covers a distance of 20 km (12 mi), over large swathes of forest territory. The Matheran hill railway, also known as Matheran Light Railway (MLR), was inspected by UNESCO world heritage site officials but failed to make it to the list as a World Heritage Site. India's other Hill Railways like the Darjeeling Railway, the Kangra Valley Railway, Nilgiri Mountain Railway are already on the list.[3]

Forest and wildlife

Louisa Point

Matheran has been declared an Eco-Sensitive zone by the Union Environment Ministry and can be called a Health Sanatorium in itself. A good collection of the dried plants is deposited in Blatter Herbarium, St. Xavier's College, Bombay, Mumbai. The only form of automobile allowed in Matheran is an ambulance operated by the Municipality. No private automobiles are allowed. Within Matheran transport facilities available are horses and hand-pulled rickshaws. Matheran has a huge number of medicinal plants and herbs. The town also has a large monkey population, including bonnet macaques and Hanuman langurs. The nearby Lake Charlotte is the main source of Matheran's drinking water. Inside the forest animals like leopard, barking deer, Malabar giant squirrel, fox, wild boar, mongoose are found.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[4] Matheran had a population of 5139. Males constitute 58% of the population and females 42%. Matheran has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 66%. In Matheran, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.Languages spoken include Marathi, Hindi, and English.

Geography

Matheran is located at 18°59′N 73°16′E / 18.98°N 73.27°E / 18.98; 73.27.[5] It has an average elevation of 800 metres (2,625 feet).Matheran lies in an elevated region, enjoys a cooler and less humid climate which makes it popular during the summer months. Temperatures range from 32 °C (90 °F) to 16 °C (61 °F).

Climate data for Matheran
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 28
(82)		 30
(86)		 31
(88)		 32
(90)		 33
(91)		 32
(90)		 30
(86)		 30
(86)		 29
(84)		 33
(91)		 31
(88)		 29
(84)		 30.7
(87.2)
Average low °C (°F) 13
(55)		 14
(57)		 16
(61)		 19
(66)		 22
(72)		 22
(72)		 21
(70)		 21
(70)		 20
(68)		 19
(66)		 17
(63)		 13
(55)		 18.1
(64.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.0
(0.079)		 1.5
(0.059)		 2.3
(0.091)		 4.1
(0.161)		 25.1
(0.988)		 773.9
(30.469)		 2,035.6
(80.142)		 1,461
(57.52)		 658.6
(25.929)		 168.1
(6.618)		 31.5
(1.24)		 3.8
(0.15)		 5,167.5
(203.446)
Source: Government of Maharashtra

Transport

Matheran is well connected to Mumbai (100 km) & Pune (120 km) by rail and road, while Neral is the nearest rail station. The nearest airport is Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai that is located around 100 km away from Matheran. Matheran has a narrow gauge railway station in the town center. The old Matheran Hill Railway offers several daily trains to Neral. The toy train connected to the mainline rail route at Neral Junction. Neral Junction is well connected by local trains from CST along the CST-Karjat route. The train covers a distance of 12 miles in an hour thereby allowing the passengers ample time to soak in the beauty of the surroundings. Any Pune bound train from CST(Mumbai) reaches Neral in approximately two hours.to get there you have to take train from Mumbai to Neral junction;from Neral to Matheran by narrow gauge trains that depart at 8.40am, 11.00am, 5.00pm. Trekkers prefer to travel by State transport bus from Panvel to Dodhani ( 15 km). From Dodhani it is an hours trek to the sun set point of Matheran. This trek is very safe and easy to walk. Many trekkers prefer it during monsoon.This path passes through forest area, with lots of streams and lush green trees.

Places of interest

There are altogether 28 points, 2 lakes, 2 parks, 4 major worship places and a racecourse to visit inside Matheran. It takes about 2–3 days on your feet for a complete adventure. Important points are Alexander Pt., Rambag Pt, Little Chowk Pt, Big Chowk Pt, One Tree Hill Pt, Belvedere Pt, Olympia Race Course, Lords Pt, Charlotte Lake, Pisharnath Mahadev Mandir, Celia Pt (a water fall mouth), Echo Pt., Porcupine Pt (Sun Set Pt), Panorama Point (Sun Rise Pt), Khandala Pt, Madhavji Garden & Point, Matheran Railway Station, Louisa Point, Mayra Point, Pisarnath Temple, Matheran Shiv Mandir.View points like monkey and echo, steep cliffs, deep ravines; and squirrel & There are many picnic spots.

References

  1. ↑ Seminar. R. Thapar. 2003. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  2. ↑ Shyam Kishor Agarwal (1991). Automobile pollution: concerns, priorities, and challenges. APH Publishing. p. 91. ISBN 978-81-7024-414-1. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  3. ↑ Rangnekar, Prashant (3 August 2010). "Neral-Matheran misses world heritage site target". The Indian Express. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  4. ↑ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
  5. ↑ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Matheran
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Matheran.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/21/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.