Measuring programming language popularity

It is difficult to determine which programming languages are most widely used, and what usage means varies by context. One language may occupy the greater number of programmer hours, a different one have more lines of code, a third may utilize the most CPU time, and so on. Some languages are very popular for particular kinds of applications. For example, COBOL is still strong in the corporate data center, often on large mainframes; Fortran in engineering applications; C in embedded applications and operating systems; and other languages are regularly used to write many different kinds of applications.

Methods

Various methods of measuring language popularity, each subject to a different bias over what is measured, have been proposed:

Indices

Several indices have been published:

References

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  2. "Jobs Tractor language trends, based on jobs advertised on Twitter". JobsTractor. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  3. O'Reilly, Tim. "Programming Language Trends". O'Reilly Radar. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  4. State of the Computer Book Market 2008, part 4 — The Languages
  5. Bieman, J.M.; Murdock, V., Finding code on the World Wide Web: a preliminary investigation, Proceedings First IEEE International Workshop on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation, 2001
  6. "Tiobe Index Definition". TIOBE Software. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
  7. Programming Language Usage Graph by François Labelle "usage of top computer languages from Sept 2000 to Feb 2006 [...] at SourceForge."
  8. Eric S. Raymond, The Art of Unix Programming, Chapter 14. Languages, http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/taoup/html/ch14s05.html
  9. Language Trends on GitHub GitHub, Inc. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  10. How popular are various programming languages? by Anton Ertl TU Wien
  11. "TIOBE Programming Community Index". TIOBE Software BV. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  12. PYPL PopularitY of Programming Language index
  13. FAQ on PyPL.github.io
  14. RedMonk Programming Language Rankings
  15. Trendy Skills
  16. https://blog.newrelic.com/2016/08/18/popular-programming-languages-2016-go/
  17. http://stackoverflow.com/research/developer-survey-2016
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