Miles Dempsey
General Sir Miles Christopher Dempsey, GBE, KCB, DSO, MC (15 December 1896 – 5 June 1969) was a senior British Army officer who served in both World Wars. During the Second World War he had a close relationship with Bernard Montgomery and commanded XIII Corps for the invasions of Sicily and Italy. He later commanded the British Second Army during the Battle of Normandy and made notably rapid advances in the subsequent campaign in Northern France and Belgium. Dempsey was the first British Army commander to cross the Rhine. A career infantryman who made his reputation in active service, he remains relatively unknown.
Early life
Dempsey was born in Cheshire in 1896[4] and was educated at Shrewsbury School where he captained the first eleven Cricket team in 1914. On leaving Shrewsbury he attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst during the First World War.
First World War and inter-war years
After graduating from the Royal Military College in 1915, Dempsey joined the Princess Charlotte of Wales's (Royal Berkshire Regiment). He served on the Western Front in France during the First World War, where he was awarded the Military Cross for bravery.
After the war, in 1919, Dempsey played two first-class cricket matches for Sussex against Oxford University and Northamptonshire.[5] Between 1926 and 1932, he also played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Berkshire.[6]
Second World War
By the start of the Second World War, Dempsey had reached the rank of lieutenant colonel and was commanding officer of the 1st Battalion, Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's).[7] In November he was promoted to command of the 13th Infantry Brigade, attached to the 5th Infantry Division, itself part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France. In common with other Allied units, his brigade was forced back to Dunkirk, where it provided part of the rear-guard for the evacuation. For his part in the evacuation, Dempsey was awarded the Distinguished Service Order.
In December 1942 he was promoted to lieutenant general and commanded XIII Corps of the British Eighth Army during the North African Campaign. He subsequently helped to plan the invasion of Sicily and led the assault on Sicily in 1943. Dempsey later led the invasion of Italy across the Strait of Messina, in which his troops advanced more than 300 miles (480 km) to the north before linking up with American troops at Salerno.
In North Africa, Sicily and Italy, Dempsey had gained a reputation for his expertise in Combined Operations. This prompted Bernard Montgomery, his commanding officer in North Africa and Sicily, to select him to command the British Second Army in January 1944. The Second Army was the main British force (although it also included Canadian Army units) involved in the D-Day landings, making successful assaults at Gold, Juno and Sword beaches on 6 June 1944.
The successful assaults were followed by a battle of attrition during which the Anglo-Canadian forces were frustrated by determined German resistance. This fighting forced the transfer of vital German units away from the eventual American break-out. Second Army made a rapid advance across northern France into Belgium, liberating Brussels and Antwerp in September 1944. On 15 October 1944, during a visit to the Second Army, King George VI knighted Dempsey on the battlefield. Because of the fast and successful advance over more than 200 miles in a week Dempsey got the nickname "Two Hundred Miles” Dempsey.
The Second Army crossed the Rhine on 23 March 1945, and Dempsey was the first British Army commander to do so. On 7 April 1945, The Illustrated London News carried a full front page of a specially commissioned portrait painting of Dempsey by artist Arthur Pan.[8] In May, Dempsey's men captured Bremen, Hamburg and Kiel. At 11.00 am on 3 May, a delegation of senior German officers led by General Admiral von Friedeberg arrived at Dempsey's Tac HQ and after questioning it appeared that Friedeberg was a representative of General Keitel and Admiral Donitz who wished to surrender. In typical fashion Dempsey sent them on their way to report to Montgomery which led to the formal surrender the next day at Lüneberg Heath.
After the end of the war in Europe, Miles Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command[9] and then Land Force Commander, South East Asia. The Japanese surrendered shortly afterwards. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese.
Miles Dempsey was considered to be a highly competent officer. He asserted a very effective control over the British Second Army without taking the limelight. This was despite the stalemate in Normandy and the failure to advance beyond Antwerp and thus ensure that German forces remained isolated. He was claimed by military historian Carlo D'Este to be:
A career infantryman, Dempsey was an ardent student of military history and during the interwar period had frequently visited Europe to study its battlefields firsthand. Blessed with an active and incisive mind, a phenomenal memory and a unique skill in reading maps, Dempsey would soon leave his army staff in awe over his ability to remember everything he saw on a map, to bring a landscape literally to life in his mind even though he had never actually seen it. This talent proved particularly important during the crucial battles around Caen in June and July 1944. Dempsey was considered the Eighth Army's best expert in combined operations and, as he grew in experience, Montgomery soon recognized his potential for army command. The two men shared many qualities, including a disdain for paperwork and a determination, based on their First World War experiences, never to waste their soldiers lives.[10]
Post-war
In 1946 he was appointed British Commander in Chief of Middle East Land Forces. He was made a General in 1946. Dempsey retired from the British Army in August 1947.[11] In 1950, he was given a 'shadow' appointment as Commander In Chief, British Home forces. He was Colonel Commandant of the Royal Military Police, the Special Air Service (1951–1960) and the Princess Charlotte of Wales Royal Berkshire Regiment.
In 1948, Dempsey married Viola O'Reilly, the youngest daughter of Captain Percy O'Reilly of Coolamber, County Westmeath, Ireland. The couple lived at "The Old Vicarage", Greenham, Newbury, Berkshire, and later rented "Coombe House", Yattendon, Berkshire. When the former house was requisitioned as part of the US Airforce base, President Eisenhower personally arranged compensation to be paid to his friend and wartime colleague.
He was Chairman of the Race Course Betting Board, H&G Simonds, Greene King and Sons (the first non-family chairman) and Deputy Chairman of Courage Ltd. Dempsey declined to write any memoirs about his military experiences. He ordered that his diaries be burned.[12]
Death
After returning to England from visiting a nephew in Kenya, Dempsey was diagnosed with cancer. He died soon afterwards, on 4 June 1969, at the age of 72, almost exactly 25 years since the Normandy landings. He is buried at Yattendon churchyard, Berkshire.[13]
Tributes
- In September 1944, Sir Miles Dempsey was made an honorary citizen of the city of Caen in Normandy, France.
- Around 1990, a street in Caen (avenue Général Dempsey) was named after him,[14] in a district close to the Mémorial pour la Paix museum, where many of the streets commemorate personalities linked with the Second World War. The street links the avenue Maréchal Montgomery to the avenue Amiral Mountbatten.
- In the Dutch town of Langenboom a street was named after him (Dempseystraat).
- In the small Belgian town of Hamont-Achel, General Sir Miles Dempsey and his Second Army held their headquarters here, from September 1944 until April 1945. In honour, the street was named after him Generaal Dempseylaan.
Bibliography
- D'Este, Carlo (2004) [1983]. Decision in Normandy: The Real Story of Montgomery and the Allied Campaign. London: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-101761-9. OCLC 44772546.
- Peter Rostron, The Military life and times of General Sir Miles Dempsey, Monty's Army Commander
References
- ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 37027. p. 1947. 10 April 1945.
- ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 37853. p. 324. 16 January 1947. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
- ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 37909. p. 1315. 18 March 1947. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
- ↑ "Miles Dempsey biography at Spartacus Educational".
- ↑ "First-Class Matches played by Miles Dempsey". CricketArchive. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
- ↑ "Minor Counties Championship Matches played by Miles Dempsey". CricketArchive. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
- ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/38/a1901738.shtml
- ↑ "The Illustrated London News 1945", iln.org.uk. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
- ↑ Army Commands
- ↑ D'Este, p. 60.
- ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 38051. p. 3933. 19 August 1947. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
- ↑ Hamilton, Nigel (1983). Master of the Battlefield Monty's War Years 1942–1944. McGraw-Hill Book Company. p. 697.
- ↑ Rostron, p. 200
- ↑ Caen map, La Poste, 1993.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miles Dempsey. |
| Military offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Brian Horrocks |
GOC XIII Corps December 1942 – December 1943 |
Succeeded by Sidney Kirkman |
| Preceded by Kenneth Anderson |
GOC-in-C Second Army January 1944 – August 1945 |
Post disbanded |
| New title Malaya under Japanese control |
GOC Malaya Command November – December 1945 |
Succeeded by Sir Frank Messervy |
| New title | C-in-C Middle East Land Forces 1946–1947 |
Succeeded by Sir John Crocker |