Monocytosis
| Monocytosis | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
| Specialty | hematology |
| ICD-10 | D72.8 |
| ICD-9-CM | 288.8 |
| DiseasesDB | 22713 |
Monocytosis is an increase in the number of monocytes circulating in the blood.[1] Monocytes are white blood cells that give rise to macrophages and dendritic cells in the immune system.
In humans, 950/μL is regarded as at the upper limit of normal; monocyte counts above this level are regarded as monocytosis.
Monocytosis has sometimes been called mononucleosis,[2] but that name is usually reserved specifically for infectious mononucleosis.
Causes
Monocytosis often occurs during. **chronic inflammation. **Diseases that produce this state:
- Infections: tuberculosis, brucellosis, listeriosis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, syphilis, and other viral infections and many protozoal and rickettsial infections (e.g. kala azar, malaria, Rocky Mountain spotted fever).
- Blood and immune causes: chronic neutropenia and myeloproliferative disorders.
- Autoimmune diseases and vasculitis: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
- Malignancies: Hodgkin's disease and certain leukaemias, such as chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) and monocytic leukemia.
- Recovery phase of neutropenia or an acute infection.
- Obesity (cf. Nagareddy et al. (2014), Cell Metabolism, Vol. 19, pp 821-835)
- Miscellaneous causes: sarcoidosis and lipid storage disease.
References
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