NMNAT1
| NMNAT1 | |||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | NMNAT1, LCA9, NMNAT, PNAT1, nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 | ||||||||||||||
| External IDs | MGI: 1913704 HomoloGene: 39074 GeneCards: NMNAT1 | ||||||||||||||
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| Species | Human | Mouse | |||||||||||||
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 1: 9.94 – 9.99 Mb | Chr 4: 149.47 – 149.49 Mb | |||||||||||||
| PubMed search | [1] | [2] | |||||||||||||
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Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NMNAT1 gene.[3][4][5] It is a member of the nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferases.
Function
The coenzyme NAD and its derivatives are involved in hundreds of metabolic redox reactions and are utilized in protein ADP-ribosylation, histone deacetylation, and in some Ca2+ signaling pathways. NMNAT (EC 2.7.7.1) is a central enzyme in NAD biosynthesis, catalyzing the condensation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) with the AMP moiety of ATP to form NAD or NaAD.[5]
NMNAT1 is the most widely expressed of three orthologous genes with nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) activity. Genetically engineered mice lacking NMNAT1 die during early embryogenesis, indicating a critical role of this gene in organismal viability. In contrast, mice lacking NMNAT2, which is expressed predominantly in neural tissues, complete development but die shortly after birth. However, NMNAT1 is dispensable for cell viability, as homozygous deletion of this gene occurs in glioblastoma tumors and cell lines. NMNAT enzymatic activity is probably essential at the cellular level, as complete ablation of NMNAT activity in model organisms leads to cellular inviability.[6]
Clinical relevance
Mutations in this gene have been shown associated to retinal degeneration pathologies, like Leber's congenital amaurosis.[7]
References
- ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
- ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
- ↑ Schweiger M, Hennig K, Lerner F, Niere M, Hirsch-Kauffmann M, Specht T, Weise C, Oei SL, Ziegler M (Mar 2001). "Characterization of recombinant human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase (NMNAT), a nuclear enzyme essential for NAD synthesis". FEBS Lett. 492 (1–2): 95–100. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02180-9. PMID 11248244.
- ↑ Emanuelli M, Carnevali F, Saccucci F, Pierella F, Amici A, Raffaelli N, Magni G (Feb 2001). "Molecular cloning, chromosomal localization, tissue mRNA levels, bacterial expression, and enzymatic properties of human NMN adenylyltransferase". J Biol Chem. 276 (1): 406–12. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008700200. PMID 11027696.
- 1 2 "Entrez Gene: NMNAT1 nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 1".
- ↑ Muller FL, Colla S, Aquilanti E, et al. (August 2012). "Passenger deletions generate therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer". Nature. 488 (7411): 337–42. doi:10.1038/nature11331. PMC 3712624
. PMID 22895339. - ↑ Koenekoop RK, Wang H, Majewski J, Wang X, Lopez I, Ren H, Chen Y, Li Y, Fishman GA, Genead M, Schwartzentruber J, Solanki N, Traboulsi EI, Cheng J, Logan CV, McKibbin M, Hayward BE, Parry DA, Johnson CA, Nageeb M, Poulter JA, Mohamed MD, Jafri H, Rashid Y, Taylor GR, Keser V, Mardon G, Xu H, Inglehearn CF, Fu Q, Toomes C, Chen R (September 2012). Finding of Rare Disease Genes (FORGE) Canada Consortium. "Mutations in NMNAT1 cause Leber congenital amaurosis and identify a new disease pathway for retinal degeneration". Nat. Genet. 44 (9): 1035–9. doi:10.1038/ng.2356. PMC 3657614. PMID 22842230.
Further reading
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- Garavaglia S, D'Angelo I, Emanuelli M, et al. (2002). "Structure of human NMN adenylyltransferase. A key nuclear enzyme for NAD homeostasis". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (10): 8524–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111589200. PMID 11751893.
- Werner E, Ziegler M, Lerner F, et al. (2002). "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT)". Acta Crystallogr. D. 58 (Pt 1): 140–2. doi:10.1107/S0907444901017437. PMID 11752792.
- Zhou T, Kurnasov O, Tomchick DR, et al. (2002). "Structure of human nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase. Basis for the dual substrate specificity and activation of the oncolytic agent tiazofurin". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (15): 13148–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111469200. PMID 11788603.
- Fernando FS, Conforti L, Tosi S, et al. (2002). "Human homologue of a gene mutated in the slow Wallerian degeneration (C57BL/Wld(s)) mouse". Gene. 284 (1–2): 23–9. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00394-3. PMID 11891043.
- Werner E, Ziegler M, Lerner F, et al. (2002). "Crystal structure of human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase in complex with NMN". FEBS Lett. 516 (1–3): 239–44. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02556-5. PMID 11959140.
- Raffaelli N, Sorci L, Amici A, et al. (2002). "Identification of a novel human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 297 (4): 835–40. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02285-4. PMID 12359228.
- Zhang X, Kurnasov OV, Karthikeyan S, et al. (2003). "Structural characterization of a human cytosolic NMN/NaMN adenylyltransferase and implication in human NAD biosynthesis". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (15): 13503–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M300073200. PMID 12574164.
- Yalowitz JA, Xiao S, Biju MP, et al. (2004). "Characterization of human brain nicotinamide 5'-mononucleotide adenylyltransferase-2 and expression in human pancreas". Biochem. J. 377 (Pt 2): 317–26. doi:10.1042/BJ20030518. PMC 1223862. PMID 14516279.
- Suzuki Y, Yamashita R, Shirota M, et al. (2004). "Sequence comparison of human and mouse genes reveals a homologous block structure in the promoter regions". Genome Res. 14 (9): 1711–8. doi:10.1101/gr.2435604. PMC 515316. PMID 15342556.
- Berger F, Lau C, Dahlmann M, Ziegler M (2006). "Subcellular compartmentation and differential catalytic properties of the three human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase isoforms". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (43): 36334–41. doi:10.1074/jbc.M508660200. PMID 16118205.
- Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, et al. (2006). "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks". Cell. 127 (3): 635–48. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026. PMID 17081983.
- Berger F, Lau C, Ziegler M (2007). "Regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 activity by the phosphorylation state of the nuclear NAD biosynthetic enzyme NMN adenylyl transferase 1". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (10): 3765–70. doi:10.1073/pnas.0609211104. PMC 1820658. PMID 17360427.
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