Nakajima B5N
| B5N | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nakajima B5N2 "Kate" in flight. | |
| Role | Torpedo and dive bomber |
| National origin | Japan |
| Manufacturer | Nakajima Aircraft Company |
| First flight | 1937 |
| Retired | 1945 |
| Status | Retired |
| Primary user | Imperial Japanese Navy |
| Number built | 1,149[1] |
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| |
The Nakajima B5N (Japanese: 中島 B5N, Allied reporting name "Kate") was the standard carrier torpedo bomber of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) for much of World War II.
Although the B5N was substantially faster and more capable than its Allied counterparts, the TBD Devastator, Fairey Swordfish and Fairey Albacore, it was nearing obsolescence by 1941. Nevertheless, the B5N operated throughout the whole war, due to the delayed development of its successor, the B6N. In the early part of the Pacific War, flown by well-trained IJN aircrews and as part of well-coordinated attacks, the B5N achieved particular successes at the battles of Pearl Harbor, Coral Sea, Midway, and Santa Cruz Islands.
Primarily a carrier-based aircraft, it was also occasionally used as a land-based bomber. The B5N carried a crew of three: pilot, navigator/bombardier/observer, and radio operator/gunner.
Design and development
The B5N was designed by a team led by Katsuji Nakamura in response to a 1935 specification by the Navy for a torpedo bomber to replace the Yokosuka B4Y. Internally designated Type K by Nakajima, it successfully competed with the Mitsubishi B5M for a production contract. The first prototype flew in January 1937 and was ordered into production soon afterwards with the full designation Type 97 Carrier Attack Bomber (kyū-nana-shiki kanjō kōgeki-ki or kankō for short [2] 九七式艦上攻撃機).[3]
Operational history
The B5N soon saw combat, first in the Sino-Japanese War, where combat experience revealed several weaknesses in the original B5N1 production model. These were mainly concerned with the lack of protection that the design offered its crew and its fuel tanks. Keen to maintain the high performance of the type, the Navy was reluctant to add weight in the form of armor, and instead looked to obtaining a faster version of the aircraft in the hopes of outrunning enemy fighters. The B5N2 was given a much more powerful engine - Nakajima's own Sakae Model 11, 14-cylinder twin-row radial, as used in the initial models of the Mitsubishi A6M fighter — and various modifications were made to streamline it. Although its performance was only marginally better, and its weaknesses remained un-remedied, this version replaced the B5N1 in production and service from 1939.
It was this version that would be used by the Navy in the Attack on Pearl Harbor. The B5N2 Kate carried Mitsuo Fuchida, the commander of the attack on Pearl Harbor, with one from the carrier Hiryu credited with sinking the battleship Arizona. Five torpedo bombers were shot down in the first wave. Apart from this raid, the greatest successes of the B5N2 were the key roles it played in sinking the United States Navy aircraft carriers Lexington and Hornet, and the disabling of the Yorktown, which led to its sinking by the Japanese submarine I-168.
The B5N served as the basis for a follow-on design, the B6N, which eventually replaced it in front line service. The B5N continued to fly in secondary roles, such as training, target towing, and anti-submarine warfare. Some of the aircraft used for this latter purpose were equipped with early radars and magnetic anomaly detectors. B5Ns were also used as bombers during the unsuccessful defence of the Philippines in October 1944, suffering severe losses. Later in the war, they were also used for kamikaze attacks.
Variants
- Type K:Prototype.
- B5N1:First production model.
- B5N1-K:Many B5N1s were converted into advanced training aircraft.
- B5N2:Improved version.
Survivors
Altogether, around 1,150 production examples were built; however, not a single complete example has survived from the conflict.
Replicas of the B5N2s were made using stretched fuselages from U.S. North American T-6 Texan trainers, and Aichi D3A dive bombers were created using BT-13 Valiant training aircraft, which were modified to represent Japanese aircraft for the movie Tora! Tora! Tora!, and have been used in a number of movies and airshows since to depict the aircraft.
One recovered B5N2 is at the Wings museum in Balcombe, West Sussex, UK; This large portion was recovered from the Kuril Islands by a British private collector in 2003.
A B5N was unveiled at the Pacific Aviation Museum in Honolulu, Hawaii on 18 April 2016.[4]
Specifications (Nakajima B5N2)
Data from Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War [5]
General characteristics
- Crew: 3 (1 pilot, 1 commander and 1 backgunner/radio operator)
- Length: 10.30 m (33 ft 9½ in)
- Wingspan: 15.52 m (50 ft 11 in)
- Height: 3.70 m (12 ft 1⅝ in)
- Wing area: 37.7 m² (406 ft²)
- Empty weight: 2,279 kg (5,024 lb)
- Loaded weight: 3,800 kg (8,380 lb)
- Max. takeoff weight: 4,100 kg (9,040 lb)
- Powerplant: 1 × Nakajima Sakae 11 radial engine, 750 kW (1,000 hp)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 378 km/h (204 kn, 235 mph)
- Range: 1,992 km (1,075 NM, 1,237 mi)
- Service ceiling: 8,260 m (27,100 ft)
- Rate of climb: 6.5 m/s (1,283 ft/min)
- Wing loading: 101 kg/m² (21 lb/ft²)
- Power/mass: 0.20 kW/kg (0.12 hp/lb)
Armament
- Guns: 1 × 7.7 mm Type 92 machine gun 'Ru' (Lewis) in rear dorsal position, fed by hand loaded drum magazines of 97 rounds. A number of B5N1s were equipped with 2 × 7.7 Type 97 machine guns in the wings.
- Bombs: 1 × 800 kg (1,760 lb) type 91 torpedo or 1x 800kg (1,760lb) bomb or 2 × 250 kg (550 lb) bombs or 6 × 132 kg (293 lb) bombs[6]
See also
- Related development
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
- Related lists
References
Notes
- ↑ Angelucci, Enzo (1988). Combat aircraft of World War II. p. 18. ISBN 0-517-64179-8.
- ↑ Parshall and Tully 2007, p. 80.
- ↑ Francillon 1970, pp. 412–413.
- ↑ "Nakajima B5N2 'Kate' Unveiled at Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor". Warbirds News. Warbirds News. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ↑ Francillon 1970, p. 416.
- ↑ Bunrin Do Famous Airplanes of the World Type 97 (B5N) Carrier Torpedo Bomber, 1972, p. 74.
Bibliography
- Bridgwater, H.C. and Peter Scott. Combat Colours Number 4: Pearl Harbor and Beyond, December 1941 to May 1942. Luton, Bedfordshire, UK: Guideline Publications, 2001. ISBN 0-9539040-6-7.
- Bunrin Do Famous Airplanes of the World, #32 (Type 97(B5N) Carrier Torpedo Bomber). Tokyo, Japan: Hobbylink, 1972.
- Francillon, René J. Imperial Japanese Navy Bombers of World War Two. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Hylton Lacy Publishers Ltd., 1969. ISBN 0-85064-022-9.
- Francillon, René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1970. ISBN 0370000331.
- Francillon, René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1979. ISBN 0-370-30251-6.
- Francillon, René J. Japanese Carrier Air groups 1941-45. London: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1979. ISBN 0-85045-295-3.
- Hawkins, Dr. M.F. The Nakajima B5N "Kate" (Aircraft in Profile number 141). Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1967. Reprinted 1972.
- Kinzey, Bert. Attack on Pearl Harbor: Japan awakens a Sleeping Giant. Blacksburg, Virginia: Military Aviation Archives, 2010. ISBN 978-0-9844665-0-4.
- Parshall, Jonathan and Anthony Tully. Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway. Washington D.C.: Potomac Books Inc., 2007. ISBN 978-1-57488-924-6.
- Thorpe, Donald W. Japanese Naval Air Force Camouflage and Markings World War II. Fallbrook, California; Aero Publishers Inc., 1977. ISBN 0-8168-6587-6. (pbk.) ISBN 0-8168-6583-3. (hc.)
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nakajima B5N. |
- Nakajima B5N, Joao Paulo Julião Matsuura
- Pictorial of B5N in multiplayer air-combat simulation of Battle of Coral Sea.