Nasrid dynasty
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Third Taifa period (1232–1287) |
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Emirate of Granada (1238–1492) |
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The Nasrid dynasty (Arabic: بنو نصر banū Naṣr) was the last Muslim dynasty in Spain, ruling the Emirate of Granada from 1238 until 1492. The Nasrid dynasty rose to power after the defeat of the Almohad Caliphate in 1212 at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. Twenty-three emirs ruled Granada from the founding of the dynasty in 1232 by Mohammed I ibn Nasr until January 2, 1492, when Muhammad XII surrendered to the Christian Spanish kingdoms of Aragon and Castile. Today, the most visible evidence of the Nasrids is the Alhambra palace complex built under their rule.
List of Nasrid sultans of Granada
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- Muhammed I ibn Nasr (1238–1272)
- Muhammed II al-Faqih (1273–1302)
- Muhammed III (1302–1309)
- Nasr (1309–1314)
- Ismail I (1314–1325)
- Muhammed IV (1325–1333)
- Yusuf I (1333–1354)
- Muhammed V (1354–1359, 1362–1391)
- Ismail II (1359–1360)
- Muhammed VI (1360–1362)
- Yusuf II (1391–1392)
- Muhammed VII (1392–1408)
- Yusuf III (1408–1417)
- Muhammed VIII (1417–1419, 1427–1429)
- Muhammed IX (1419–1427, 1430–1431, 1432–1445, 1448–1453)
- Yusuf IV (1432)
- Yusuf V (1445–1446, 1462)
- Muhammed X (1446–1448)
- Muhammed XI (1453–1454)
- Sa'ad (1454–1464)
- Abu l-Hasan Ali, known as Muley Hacén (1464–1482, 1483–1485)
- Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammed XII, known as Boabdil (1482–1483, 1486–1492)
- Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muhammed XIII, known as El Zagal (1485–1486)
Nasab
The Nasrid dynasty claimed direct male-line descent from Sa'd ibn Ubadah the chief of the Banu Khazraj tribe and one of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The nasab of Yusuf (nicknamed "al-Ahmar", meaning "the Red").
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Conflicts of succession and civil war
During the time the Christians were launching a campaign against the Emirate of Granada that would effectively end the Nasrid dynasty, the Nasrids were engaged in a civil war over the throne of Granada. When Abu l-Hasan Ali the reigning amir was ousted by his son Abu 'Abd Allah Mumhamed XII. Abu l-Hasan Ali retreated to Málaga and civil war broke out between the competing factions. Christians took full advantage of this and continued capturing Muslims strongholds. Muhammed XII was caught by Christian forces in 1483 at Lucena. He was freed after he swore an oath of allegiance to Ferdinand and Isabella. Abu l-Hasan Ali finally abdicated in favor of his brother Sa'd al-Zaghal (the valiant) and a power struggle with Abu 'Abd Allah (Mumhamed XII) continued. Sa'd prevailed in the inner struggle but was forced to surrender to the Christians. Abu 'Abd Allah (Mumhamed XII) was given a lordship in the Alpujarras mountains but instead took financial compensation from the Spanish crown to leave the Iberian Peninsula.[1]
Family tree
The family tree below shows the genealogical relationship between each sultan of the Nasrid dynasty.[2] It starts with their common ancestor, Yusuf al-Ahmar. Daughters are omitted, as are sons whose descendants never reigned. During times of rival claims to the throne, the family tree generally recognizes the sultan who controlled the city of Granada itself and the Alhambra palace.
See also
Notes and references
- ↑ Barton, Simon (2009). A History of Spain. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-230-20012-8.
- ↑ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894). The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions. Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company. p. 29. OCLC 1199708.
Bibliography
- Fernández Puertas, Antonio (1997). The Alhambra. Vol 1. From the Ninth Century to Yusuf I (1354). Saqi Books. ISBN 0-86356-466-6.
- Fernández Puertas, Antonio. The Alhambra. Vol. 2. (1354 - 1391). Saqi Books. ISBN 0-86356-467-4.
- Harvey, Leonard Patrick (1992). Islamic Spain 1250 to 1500. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-31962-8.
- Watt, W. Montgomery (1965). A History of Islamic Spain. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0847-8.
- Arié, Rachel (1990). L’Espagne musulmane au Temps des Nasrides (1232–1492) (in French) (2nd ed.). De Boccard. ISBN 2-7018-0052-8.
- Bueno, Francisco (2004). Los Reyes de la Alhambra. Entre la historia y la leyenda (in Spanish). Miguel Sánchez. ISBN 84-7169-082-9.
- Cortés Peña, Antonio Luis; Vincent, Bernard (1983–1987). Historia de Granada. 4 vols (in Spanish). Editorial Don Quijote.