List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number: 321.322

This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.322 under that system. These instruments may be known as necked box lutes or necked guitars.

3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).

32: Instruments in which the resonator and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument

321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table (lutes)

321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)

321.32: Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck (necked lutes)

321.322 : Instrument whose body is shaped like a box (necked box lutes)

These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on the method used to cause the strings to vibrate.

• 4: Hammers or beaters
• 5: Bare hands and fingers
• 6: Plectrum
• 7: Bowing
  • 71: Using a bow
  • 72: Using a wheel
  • 73: Using a ribbon
• 8: Keyboard
• 9: Using a mechanical drive

List

Instrument	Tradition	Hornbostel–Sachs classification	Description
bandurria	Spain	321.322	Flatback bandurria is box lute. Roundback bandurria is bowl lute.
cuatro[1]	Colombia and Venezuela	321.322	Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body and with four strings
cuatro[2]	Puerto Rico	321.322	Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body, derived from the Spanish tiple and other stringed instruments, made from carved wood with strings (ten, in five courses of two)
dotara[3]	Bangladesh	321.322	Small stringed instrument, with plucked metal strings, elongated belly as soundboard and narrow neck ending in a pegbox, decorated with carvings of animals and covered with skin
drejelire[4]	Sweden	321.322-72	Hurdy-gurdy that uses a rosined wheel to create sound
dutar[5]	Turkmenistan	321.322	Plucked string instrument with two strings and a long neck, strummed or plucked
fiddle violin		321.322
guitar		321.322[6]	Fretted stringed instrument, long-necked with a flat soundboard and back, and incurved sides
guitar, Portuguese[7]	Portugal	321.322	Fretted 12-stringed (in 6 courses) instrument with a hollow body
Hardingfele[8][9] Hardanger fiddle	Norway	321.322-71	Ornately decorated fiddle with four main strings and four resonating strings beneath them, which are not touched by the bow
mandolin[10] bandolim	Europe, has spread worldwid	321.322	Fretted stringed instrument, short-necked, the types belonging to this category have a flat, carved, or canted soundboard and flat or carved back
nyckelharpa[11]	Sweden	321.322-71	Bowed keyed fiddle
suroz[12]	Balochs	321.322	Bowed string instrument with a long neck, similar to a fiddle or sarangi and played vertically
tiple[13] Tiple Colombiano	Colombia	321.322	Guitar-like instrument with a neck and four courses of three strings each
tres[14]	Cuba	321.322	Guitar-like instrument with a neck and three courses of two strings each
ukulele[15] uke	Hawaii	321.322	String instrument derived from the Portuguese braguinha, from the Hawaiian uku lele, jumping flea, referring to the swift fingerwork the instrument requires  chords on a ukulele
vihuela[16] viola da mano (Italian/Portuguese)	Spain, Portugal, Italy	321.322-71	Most commonly twelve-stringed, arranged in six courses
viol[6]		321.322-71
violin[6]		321.322-71
waldzither[6]	Germany	321.322	mandola-like lute with nine steel strings
yueqin moon guitar, moon lute, gekkin, laqin	China	321.322	Two varieties: a round moon-shaped lute with four strings and a short neck, played with a plectrum, common in Northern China, and a variety with a longer neck found in Taiwan

References

• von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal. 14: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168. 
• Wade, Graham (2001). A Concise History of the Classic Guitar. Mel Bay Publications. ISBN 0-7866-4978-X. 

Notes