OPR-1000

The OPR-1000 is a South Korean designed two-loop 1000 MWe PWR Generation II nuclear reactor, developed by KHNP and KEPCO.[1] The OPR-1000 was originally designated as the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant (KSNP), and was re-designated as the OPR-1000 in 2005 for foreign sales.[2] It was developed based partly on the Combustion Engineering (C-E) designs, through a technology transfer agreement. The reactor core design was derived from the C-E designed Arkansas Nuclear One Unit 2, the nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) was derived from the C-E designed units at Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station and auxiliary plant design was derived from the earlier Unit-1 and Unit-2 at the Yeonggwang (now Hanbit) Nuclear Power Plant.[3]

Based on the OPR-1000 design, KEPCO has developed a Generation III+ uprated plant, the APR-1400.[4]

Reactor fleet

The reference plants used to develop the OPR-1000 design using technology transfer are Yeonggwang (now Hanbit) Unit-3 and Unit-4, which came on-line in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The first plants designated as OPR-1000 plants are Ulchin (now Hanul) Unit-3 and Unit-4, which came on-line in 1998 and 1999, respectively.

Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP) states an improved OPR-1000 design has been implemented at eight units:

Including the reference Unit-3 and Unit-4 at Hanbit (formerly Yeonggwang), there are a total of twelve OPR-1000 plants, all inside South Korea.[5]

OPR-1000 Summary[5]
Site Unit Status Construction
Start		 First
Criticality		 Operation
Hanbit 3[lower-alpha 1] operational 23 December 1989 13 October 1994 31 March 1995
4[lower-alpha 1] operational 26 May 1990 7 July 1995 1 January 1996
5[lower-alpha 2] operational 29 June 1997 24 November 2001 21 May 2002[lower-alpha 3]
6[lower-alpha 2] operational 20 November 1997 1 September 2002 24 December 2002[lower-alpha 3]
Hanul 3 operational 21 July 1993 21 December 1997 11 August 1998
4 operational 1 November 1993 14 December 1998 31 December 1999
5[lower-alpha 2] operational 1 October 1999 28 November 2003 29 July 2004
6[lower-alpha 2] operational 29 September 2000 16 December 2004 22 April 2005
Shin-Kori 1[lower-alpha 2] operational 16 June 2006 15 July 2010 28 February 2011[lower-alpha 4]
2[lower-alpha 2] operational 5 June 2007 27 December 2011 20 July 2012[lower-alpha 4]
Shin-Wolsong 1[lower-alpha 2] operational 20 November 2007 6 January 2012 31 July 2012[lower-alpha 4]
2[lower-alpha 2] operational 23 September 2008 8 February 2015[lower-alpha 5] 24 July 2015

Notes

  1. 1 2 Reference design unit
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Improved design
  3. 1 2 Forced shut down in 2012 due to fraudulently-certified parts[6]
  4. 1 2 3 Forced shut down in 2013 due to fraudulently-certified cables[7]
  5. ↑ Delayed due to fraudulently-certified cables[7]

The first plants incorporating the APR-1400 design are still under construction. Ten units are planned:

History

The first start of the OPR-1000 at Shin Kori Nuclear Power Plant Unit-1 was 28 February 2011.

This OPR-1000's first malfunction was noted on 2 October 2012 at 8:10 a.m. Shin Kori-1 was shut down after a warning signal indicated a malfunction in the control rod, which is used to control the rate of fission of nuclear materials, according to the Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. It is the first time that reactor, located 450 kilometers southeast of Seoul, has been shut down due to a malfunction since it began commercial operation on 28 Feb. 2011. An investigation was undertaken to verify the exact cause of the problem.[9]

In 2012, a probe was opened regarding some fraudulently-certified parts installed in five OPR-1000 reactors over a ten-year period.[6] Hanbit-5 and -6, which had a greater number of fraudulent parts, were shut down until the parts could be replaced, and Hanbit-3 and -4 and Hanul-3 were allowed remain on-line pending parts replacement.[6] Hanbit-5 and -6 were cleared for restart in early 2013,[10] but in April 2013, following a tip, four additional units were shut down and not allowed to restart until fraudulently-certified safety-related control cabling was replaced: Shin Kori-1 and -2 and Shin Wolsong-1 and -2; although construction on Shin Wolsong-2 was complete, it had not yet achieved operational status, and it was not allowed to start up until cabling was replaced.[7] The same cabling was used at the APR-1400 units then under construction at Shin Kori (Units 3 & 4),[7] forcing a year-long delay in their startup.[11] After cabling was replaced, Shin Kori-1 and -2 and Shin Wolsong-1 were approved for restart in January 2014.[12] Shin Wolsong-2 was connected to the grid in February 2015,[13] with commercial operation commencing in July 2015.[14]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "OPR1000". KEPCO. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  2. ↑ Goldberg, Stephen; Rosner, Robert (2011). Nuclear Reactors: Generation to Generation (PDF). American Academy of Arts & Sciences. p. 5. ISBN 0-87724-090-6. Retrieved 7 Jan 2014.
  3. ↑ Kim, Han Gon (4 July 2011). "GEN III/GENIII+ : Korean Perspective - APR1400" (PDF). Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  4. ↑ Lee, Sang-Seob; Kim, Sung-Hwan; Suh, Kune-Yull (October 2009). "The Design Features of the Advanced Power Reactor 1400" (PDF). Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 41 (8): 995–1004. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
  5. 1 2 "Korea, Republic of". IAEA Power Reactor Information System. 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 "Korea probes forged quality certificates". World Nuclear News. 7 November 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "New component issues idle Korean reactors". World Nuclear News. 28 May 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  8. ↑ "Nuclear Power in the United Arab Emirates". World Nuclear Association. December 2013.
  9. ↑ "Nuclear reactor halts operation due to malfunction". Yonhap News. 2 October 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  10. ↑ "South Korean units restart after probe". World Nuclear News. 2 January 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  11. ↑ "Recabling delays Shin Kori start ups". World Nuclear News. 18 October 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  12. ↑ "Korean reactors cleared for restart". World Nuclear News. 2 January 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  13. ↑ "Grid connection for South Korean reactor". World Nuclear News. 26 February 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  14. ↑ "South Korean reactor enters commercial operation". World Nuclear News. 24 July 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
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