Ohiopyle State Park

Ohiopyle State Park
Pennsylvania State Park
Natural Monument (IUCN III)
Jonathan's Run Falls
Lenape language: ahi opihəle 'it turns very white'
Country United States
State Pennsylvania
County Fayette
Townships Dunbar, Henry Clay, Stewart
Location [1]
 - coordinates 39°50′30″N 79°26′03″W / 39.84167°N 79.43417°W / 39.84167; -79.43417Coordinates: 39°50′30″N 79°26′03″W / 39.84167°N 79.43417°W / 39.84167; -79.43417
 - elevation 2,259 ft (689 m) [1]
Area 19,052 acres (7,710 ha)
Founded 1965
Managed by Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
Location of Ohiopyle State Park in Pennsylvania
Website : Ohiopyle State Park

Ohiopyle State Park is a Pennsylvania state park on 19,052 acres (7,710 ha) in Dunbar, Henry Clay and Stewart Townships, Fayette County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The focal point of the park is the more than 14 miles (23 km) of the Youghiogheny River Gorge that passes through the park. The river provides some of the best whitewater boating in the Eastern United States. Ohiopyle State Park is bisected by Pennsylvania Route 381 south of the Pennsylvania Turnpike. The park opened to the public in 1965, but was not officially dedicated until 1971.

Ohiopyle State Park was chosen by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) and its Bureau of Parks as one of "25 Must-See Pennsylvania State Parks".[2]

Natural history

The park lies within the Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests ecoregion.[3]

Waterfalls

Ohiopyle State Park features several waterfalls.

Ferncliff Peninsula National Natural Landmark

Cucumber Falls

Ferncliff Peninsula is a 100-acre (40 ha) peninsula in the Youghiogheny River inside the park. Due to the warmer microclimate inside the gorge, seeds carried by the river from the south survive. It was declared a National Natural Landmark in November 1973 and was named a State Park Natural Area in 1992.[4][5]

History

Ohiopyle Falls on the Youghiogheny River

The first known group of people to inhabit the Ohiopyle area were the Monongahela, a clan of the mound builders. These Native Americans disappeared from the scene just as European colonists began to arrive in North America. As the east coast was being settled, Native Americans who had lived closer to the Atlantic Ocean were exterminated or forced to flee to the west. Various tribes, including the Shawnee, Lenni Lenape, and Seneca people, inhabited the Ohiopyle area during the 18th century, but were ultimately removed after the French and Indian War. One of the few remnants of American Indian culture in the area is the name. "Ohiopyle" is derived from the Lenape phrase ahi opihəle which means 'it turns very white',[6][7] referring to the frothy waterfalls.[8][9]

Baughman's Rock Overlook timelapse

The earliest European settlers to the Ohiopyle area were farmers, trappers and hunters. The population of the area expanded after the building of the National Road in 1811 that passed near Ohiopyle. This road made the area more accessible and connected it the eastern markets. Lumbering became the dominant industry. Smaller industries in the area included cooperages, tanneries, salt mining and coal mining.[9]

The construction of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Western Maryland Railroad greatly accelerated the progress of the lumbering operations in Ohiopyle. Both railroads had stations in the borough. Several narrow gauge railroads were built up into the surrounding mountains. These smaller railways were able to efficiently transport to lumber to the sawmills and rail stations of Ohiopyle.[9]

The railroads also brought tourists to Ohiopyle. The round trip ride from Pittsburgh to Ohiopyle was one dollar. Tourists flocked to the area to see the waterfalls and stay at the resorts that quickly sprouted up along the Youghiogheny River. The resorts had boardwalks, dancing pavilions, bowling alleys, fountains, tennis courts, and hiking trails. The rise of the automobile caused the end of the resorts at Ohiopyle. The buildings were torn down and the forests were allowed to regrow. The Western Pennsylvania Conservancy purchased the land and then sold it to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It was the first and largest park acquired under the Project 70 Land Acquisition and Borrowing Act with the governor approving the acquisition on August 8, 1964. Ohiopyle State Park was opened to the public in 1965 and was formally dedicated on May 28, 1971.[9][10]

Recreation

A visitor rides a natural waterslide at Meadow Run

Ohiopyle State Park is a popular destination for rafting, kayaking, and canoeing, but it also has over 100 miles (160 km) of trails that are open to hiking, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, mountain bikes and snowmobiles. The trails pass by several of the park's waterfalls and ascend the mountains to scenic overlooks.

A group of visitors prepare to run the Lower Yough just below Ohiopyle Falls

Whitewater paddling

The Youghiogheny River is the busiest section of whitewater east of the Mississippi River. The Lower Yough, a 7-mile (11 km) run, begins at Ohiopyle Falls and ends at the Bruner Run take-out. The Middle Yough begins at the Ramcat put-in near Confluence and ends just above the falls in Ohiopyle. One weekend per year or so, there is a race and festival devoted to the falls, and the state park permits paddlers to run the falls. Only rubber rafts, closed-topped canoes and kayaks are permitted in the river. All visitors must wear life jackets certified by the United States Coast Guard. The Lower Yough River is rated Class III to Class IV on the International Scale of River Difficulty, depending on water conditions; the easier Middle Yough is rated II, and Ohiopyle Falls is rated IV. Boating must be in accordance with the Safety Code of American Whitewater. Inexperienced visitors are encouraged to hire one of the several private outfitters that offer guided trips down the rapids.[4] §

Long-distance hiking, biking and equestrian trails

Ohiopyle Trestle, part of the Great Allegheny Passage

Ohiopyle State Park is connected end-to-end by the Youghiogheny River Trail South section of the Great Allegheny Passage, part of a 318-mile system (512 km) of off-road long-distance trails for hiking and biking between Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C.

This rail-trail parallels the rapids from Ramcat to the Bruner Run take-out on either end of the park, and crosses over the "Loop" near the falls at Ohiopyle on a high trestle.[11] The trail system connects to a wide network of rustic hiking and equestrian trails, including the Appalachian Trail in Maryland. A network of hiking trails exist within the park itself. The Laurel Highlands Hiking Trail, part of the larger Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail, has its southern terminus at Ohiopyle State Park.[4]

Hunting and fishing

Hunting is permitted on 18,000 acres (7,300 ha) of Ohiopyle State Park. Hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Pennsylvania Game Commission. The common game species are ruffed grouse, eastern gray squirrel, wild turkey, American black bear, white-tailed deer and eastern cottontail rabbits. Hunting of groundhogs is prohibited. Loaded firearms are not permitted within 50 feet (15 m) of the river. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission assures that anglers will have plenty of chances to catch fish by stocking trout in the waters of Youghiogheny River. All fishermen are required to follow the rules and regulations of the fish commission.[4]

Camping and picnicking

Visitors can stay overnight at Ohiopyle State Park's Kentuck Campground, or rent a cottage. The campground has 226 campsites with 27 of them being walk-in, tent only sites. All campsites have a picnic table and fire ring, modern restrooms with hot showers and flush toilets, and four playgrounds. The rustic cottages have electricity, but lack running water. Each cottage can sleep five people in single or double bunks.[4]

There are two picnic areas at Ohiopyle State Park. Both have tables, grills, restrooms, and pavilions. Cucumber Run Picnic Area is near Cucumber Run. Tharp Knob Picnic Area is near the Tharp Knob Overlook. It has a large ballfield, volleyball court, playground and two pavilions.[4]

Nearby state parks

A kayaker paddles down Ohiopyle Falls during the annual festival

The following state parks are within 30 miles (48 km) of Ohiopyle State Park:[12][13][14]

References

  1. 1 2 "Ohiopyle State Park". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. August 2, 1979. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
  2. ↑ "Find a Park: 25 Must-see Parks". Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  3. ↑ Olson, D. M, E. Dinerstein; et al. (2001). "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth". BioScience. 51 (11): 933–938. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original on October 14, 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Ohiopyle State Park". Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
  5. ↑ "National Natural Landmark summary". National Park Service. February 5, 2004. Retrieved 2009-05-09.
  6. ↑ "ahi". Lenape Talking Dictionary. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
  7. ↑ "òpihële". Lenape Talking Dictionary. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
  8. ↑ Russell, Erret (1885). "Indian Geographical Names". The Magazine of Western History. 2 (1): 53–59. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Michael D. McCumber. "Ohiopyle State Park Park Guide". FayWest.com. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
  10. ↑ Forrey, William C. (1984). History of Pennsylvania's State Parks. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Bureau of State Parks, Office of Resources Management, Department of Environmental Resources, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. pp. 43–44, 60. OCLC 17824084.
  11. ↑ The Great Allegheny Passage - Youghiogheny River Section. Bike Washington. Retrieved 2009-12-04.
  12. ↑ "Find a Park by Region (interactive map)". Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  13. ↑ Michels, Chris (1997). "Latitude/Longitude Distance Calculation". Northern Arizona University. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  14. ↑ "2007 General Highway Map Fayette County Pennsylvania" (PDF) (Map). 1:65,000. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Research, Geographic Information Division. Retrieved 2006-07-27. Note: shows Ohiopyle State Park

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