Oleksiy Alchevsky
Oleksiy Kyrylovych Alchevsky was a Ukrainian entrepreneur, philanthropist, and industrialist of the Russian Empire. He was a pioneer in establishing the first finance group in Russia and creator of several banks and industrial societies in East Ukraine. In his honor is named a city in Ukraine, Alchevsk.
Biography
Born in Sumy, Kharkov Governorate (Sloboda Ukraine) in a family of small grocery merchant, Alchevsky graduated the Sumy County School and in 1862 moved to Kharkiv. During his young age, he was interested in left populist ideas, poetry of Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian nationalist movement, and was one of creators of the Kharkiv Hromada cell. While keeping own tea store, Alchevsky continued self-education.
During the so-called banking fever in Russia at the end of 1860s and beginning of 1870s, Alchevsky became initiator in creating the Kharkiv Mutual Society (1866). Later in 1868 as a merchant of the 2nd Guild he became one of the founders of the Kharkiv Trade Bank with principal capital of 500,000 rubles becoming the third commerce bank in Russia after the Saint Petersburg Private Commerce Bank and the Moscow Merchant Bank. In 1871 Alchevsky as a merchant of the 1st Guild became one of founders (along with Ivan Vernadsky, a father of Vladimir Vernadsky) of the first in the country mortgage lending bank, the Kharkiv Land Bank with principal capital of 1,000,000 rubles. Alchevsky was a chairman of the bank until his death in 1901.
In 1879 Alchevsky established the Alekseyevskoye Mining Society (principal capital 2,000,000 rubles) that possessed the richest deposits of anthracite coal in Slovianoserbsk county (Yekaterinoslav Governorate). In 1900 the company extracted some 45 million poods of coal becoming the third company in Donbas for coal extraction by volume. Alchevsky also initiated construction of metallurgical factories of the Donets-Yuryevka Metallurgical Society (1895, principal capital 8 million rubles) near train statin Yuryevka (today Komunarsk train station in Alchevsk, Alchevsk Metallurgical Complex)[1] and the Russian Providence Society near Mariupol (today part of Illich Steel and Iron Works). By 1900 his fortune was reaching 30 million rubles.
In 1899 along with his wife Khrystyna Zhuravlyova he build the first monument to Taras Shevchenko, however due to the anti-Ukrainian Russian policy the monument-bust was established at a backyard of their personal mansion (built by Aleksei Beketov) on Mironosytsky provulok (today Radnarkomivska vulytsia) in Kharkiv. The monument was created out of white marble by the Russian sculptor Vladimir Beklemishev. After the death of Oleksiy Alchevsky the mansion was sold out and the fate of the monument is unknown.
During the 1899-1902 economic crisis when he failed to obtain financial help from the Ministry of Finance, on 20 May 1901 Oleksiy Alchevsky jumped under a train at the Tsarskoselsky railway station in Saint Petersburg.
Family
Alchevsky was married to an educator and pedagogue Khrystyna Zhuravlyova. They had several children.
- Hryhory Alchevsky, a Ukrainian composer of the Russian Empire
- Khrystyna Alchevska
- Ivan Alchevsky
- Anna Alchevska
- Dmytro Alchevsky, a victim of Red Terror in Crimea
- Mykola Alchevsky
Legacy
On petition of workers, in 1903 the Yuryevka train station and the workers settlement next to it were renamed into Alchevske (today's city of Alchevsk).