Outline of domestic violence

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to domestic violence:

Domestic violence – pattern of abusive behaviors by one or both partners in an intimate relationship, such as marriage, dating, family, or cohabitation. It is also known as domestic abuse, spousal abuse, battering, family violence, and intimate partner violence (IPV).

What type of thing is domestic violence?

Domestic violence can be described as all of the following:

Prevalence

Epidemiology of domestic violence – Domestic violence occurs across the world, in various cultures,[6] and affects people across society, irrespective of economic status[7] or gender.

Forms

The following table includes the forms of violence typically defined as part of Intimate partner violence, which is domestic violence in an intimate relationship by one's spouse or lover. It also includes a column for other family members or partners.

The rate of occurrence varies considerably based upon one's country, socio-economic class, culture, religion, family history and other factors.

Form of Violence Intimate Partners / Domestic Violence Other family members or partners
Acid throwing – violent assault by throwing acid onto the body of a person "with the intention of injuring or disfiguring out of jealousy or revenge."[8][9] √ √
Birth control sabotage – efforts to manipulate another person's use of birth control or to undermine efforts to prevent an unwanted pregnancy. Examples include replacing birth control pills with fakes, puncturing condoms and diaphragms, or threats and violence to prevent an individual's attempted use of birth control.[10] √
Breast ironing – pounding and massaging of a pubescent girl's breasts using heated objects in an attempt to make them stop developing or disappear.[11][12] √
Bride burning – form of domestic violence for unresolved dowry issues resulting in death. √
Bride-buying – illegal industry or trade of "purchasing a bride" to become property that can be resold or repurchased for reselling.[13][14] √
Dating abuse – pattern of abusive behavior exhibited by one or both partners in a dating relationship. √ √
Domestic violence and pregnancy – abusive behavior towards a pregnant woman that whether physical, verbal or emotional, produces many adverse physical and psychological effects for the mother and fetus. √
Dowry death – deaths of young women who are murdered or driven to suicide by continuous harassment and torture by husbands and in-laws in an effort to extort an increased dowry. √
Economic abuse – form of abuse when one intimate partner has control over the other partner's access to economic resources,[15] which diminishes the victim's earning capacity and forces financial reliance on the perpetrator.[15][16][17] √ √
Elder abuse – "a single, or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person."[18] √ √
Foot binding – binding the feet of young girls painfully tight to prevent further growth. √
Honor killing – homicide of a member of a family or social group by other members, due to the belief of the perpetrators that the victim has brought dishonor upon the family or community. Honor killings are directed mostly against women and girls, but have been extended to men. Also spelled "honour killing" (American and British spelling differences). √ √
Marital rape – non-consensual sex in which the perpetrator is the victim's spouse, and as such, is a form of domestic violence, and sexual abuse. Although repudiated by international conventions and increasingly criminalized, in many countries, spousal rape either remains legal, or is illegal but widely tolerated and accepted as a husband's prerogative. Also known as "spousal rape". √
Murder of pregnant women – type of homicide often resulting from domestic violence by a spouse or intimate partner violence (IPV).[19] √
Parental abuse by children – parents subject to levels of childhood aggression in excess of normal childhood aggressive outbursts, typically in the form of verbal or physical abuse. √
Parental abuse of children – physical or psychological/emotional mistreatment of children. It is often distinguished from domestic violence as its own form of violence. √
Psychological abuse – form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another to behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Such abuse is often associated with situations of power imbalance, such as abusive relationships, bullying, child abuse and workplace bullying.[20][21][22] Psychological abuse is also referred to as "emotional abuse" or "mental abuse". √ √
Physical abuse – abuse involving contact intended to cause feelings of intimidation, injury, or other physical suffering or bodily harm.[23][24] √ √
Sati – religious funeral practice among some Indian communities in which a recently widowed woman either voluntarily or by use of force and coercion would have immolated herself on her husband’s funeral pyre.[25] √
Sexual violence – any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, unwanted sexual comments or advances, or acts to traffic, or otherwise directed, against a person’s sexuality using coercion, by any person regardless of their relationship to the victim, in any setting, including but not limited to home and work.[26] √ √
Spiritual abuse – serious form of abuse which occurs when a person in religious authority or a person with a unique spiritual practice misleads and maltreats another person in the name of God or church or in the mystery of any spiritual concept. √ √
Stalking – unwanted and obsessive attention by an individual or group to another person. Stalking behaviors are related to harassment and intimidation and may include following the victim in person and/or monitoring them via the internet. √ √
Teen dating violence – physical, sexual, or psychological / emotional violence within a dating relationship.[27] √
Verbal abuse – often used to control the victim and can lead to significant detriment to one's self-esteem, emotional well-being, and physical state. √ √

Men and LGBT

The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) contends that a national survey, supported by NIJ, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Bureau of Justice Statistics that examined more serious assaults, does not support the conclusion of similar rates of male and female spousal assaults. This survey was conducted within a safety or crime context and clearly found more partner abuse by men against women.[34][nb 2]

Another study published in the Violence & Victims Journal Vol. 1 concluded that a feminist analysis of Domestic Abuse was necessary to combat common misconceptions. The study found that 92% of women who used violence against their male partners were in self-defense, and that violence reciprocated by victims may be an integral part of abuse victimology.[35]

Stop Abuse For Everyone (SAFE), a United States domestic violence organization, advocates for an "inclusive" model of domestic violence, focusing on groups that are "lacking in services", such as abused men, gay, lesbian, intersex, and transgender victims, and the elderly.[36]

Contributing factors

Dynamics between partners

Impacts

The incidence of abuse may result in the following:

Remedies

Topics

Religion and domestic violence

Domestic violence by region

International organisations and conventions

Publications

Documentaries

Films

See also

References

Notes
  1. ↑ Martin S. Fiebert of the Department of Psychology at California State University, Long Beach, has compiled an annotated bibliography of research relating to spousal abuse by women on men. This bibliography examines 275 scholarly investigations: 214 empirical studies and 61 reviews and/or analyses appear to demonstrate that women are as physically aggressive, or more aggressive, than men in their relationships with their spouses or male partners. The aggregate sample size in the reviewed studies exceeds 365,000.[31] In a Los Angeles Times article about male victims of domestic violence, Fiebert suggests that "...consensus in the field is that women are as likely as men to strike their partner but that—as expected—women are more likely to be injured than men."[32]
  2. ↑ The National Institute of Justice states that studies finding equal or greater frequency of abuse by women against men are based on data compiled through the Conflict Tactics Scale. This survey tool was developed in the 1970s and may not be appropriate for intimate partner violence research because it does not measure control, coercion, or the motives for conflict tactics; it also leaves out sexual assault and violence by ex-spouses or partners and does not determine who initiated the violence.[34]
Citations
  1. ↑ Violence., Merriam-Webster Dictionary Retrieved January 8, 2009.
  2. ↑ Violence., Oxford English Dictionary Retrieved January 8, 2009.
  3. ↑ Violence., American Heritage Dictionary, Violence, Retrieved January 8, 2009.
  4. ↑ Braiker, Harriet B. (2004) Who's Pulling Your Strings? How to Break The Cycle of Manipulation ISBN 0-07-144672-9.
  5. ↑ Oppression. Merriam Webster Online.
  6. ↑ Watts C.; Zimmerman C. (April 2002) "Violence against women: global scope and magnitude." Lancet. 359(9313):1232–7. PMID 11955557. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08221-1.
  7. ↑ Waits, Kathleen. (1984-1985). "The Criminal Justice System's Response to Battering: Understanding the Problem, Forging the Solutions." Washington Law Review. 60:267–330.
  8. ↑ Karmakar, R.N. (2003). Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. Academic Publishers. ISBN 81-87504-69-2.
  9. ↑ Vij, Krishan. (2003) Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology: Principles and Practice, 5th Edition. Elsevier India. p. 462. ISBN 978-81-312-2684-1.
  10. ↑ Miller, Dr Elizabeth, et al. "Male Partner Pregnancy-Promoting Behaviors and Adolescent Partner Violence: Findings from a Qualitative Study with Adolescent Females." UC Davis School of Medicine, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston University School of Public Health. March 2, 2007.
  11. ↑ Sa'ah, Randy Joe. Cameroon girls battle 'breast ironing' BBC News. June 23, 2006. Retrieved January 2, 2008.
  12. ↑ Gidley, Ruth; Rowling, Megan. Millions of Cameroon girls suffer "breast ironing". AlertNet, Reuters July 7, 2006. Reproduced at the Child Rights Information Network. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
  13. ↑ Marshall, Samantha, Joanne Lee-Young, and Matt Forney, Vietnamese Women Are Kidnapped and Later Sold in China as Brides. The Wall Street Journal. August 3, 1999.
  14. ↑ Rose, Winifred Hodge. The Purchase of a Bride: Bargain, Gift, Hamingja, Frigga's Web.
  15. 1 2 Adams, Adrienne; Sullivan, Bybee, Greeson. (May 2008) "Development of the Scale of Economic Abuse." Violence Against Women 14(5):563–588. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
  16. ↑ Brewster, M. P. (2003) "Power and Control Dynamics in Pre-stalking and Stalking Situations." Journal of Family Violence. 18(4):207–217.
  17. ↑ Sanders, Cynthia. Organizing for Economic Empowerment of Battered Women: Women’s Savings Accounts. Center for Social Development, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
  18. ↑ Action on Elder Abuse. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
  19. ↑ Campbell, JC, Glass, N, Sharps, PW, Laughon, K, and Bloom, T (2007) Intimate Partner Homicide: Review and Implications of Research and Policy. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. (8), 246-269.
  20. ↑ Dutton, D. G. (1994). Patriarchy and wife assault: The ecological fallacy. Violence and Victims, 9, 125-140.
  21. ↑ Maiuro, Roland D.; O'Leary, K. Daniel. (2000). Psychological Abuse in Violent Domestic Relations. New York: Springer Publishing Company. p. 197. ISBN 0-8261-1374-5.
  22. ↑ Child Sexual Abuse. National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Health Canada. 1997. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  23. ↑ Haugan, Grethemor Skagseth; Nøttestad, Jim Aage.Norway : Treatment Program For Men Who Batter Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Trondheim, Norway.
  24. ↑ Giardino, Angelo P.; Giardino, Eileen R. Child Abuse & Neglect: Physical Abuse December 12, 2008. eMedicine. WebMD.
  25. ↑ Sati. SOS Sexisme. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
  26. ↑ World report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2002. p. 149.
  27. ↑ "Teen dating violence" Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Retrieved August 13, 2011.
  28. ↑ Ten Things Lesbians Should Discuss with their Health Care Providers. Gay and Lesbian Medical Association. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  29. ↑ Dragiewicz, Molly. (April 12, 2011). Equality with a Vengeance: Men's Rights Groups, Battered Women, and Antifeminist Backlash. UPNE. p. 84–5. Retrieved October 22, 2011. ISBN 978-1-55553-739-5.
  30. ↑ Loseke, Donileen R.; Gelles, Richard J.; Cavanaugh, Mary M. (2005). Current controversies on family violence. SAGE. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-7619-2106-6. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
  31. 1 2 Fiebert, Martin S. References examining assaults by women on their spouses or male partners: an annotated bibliography
  32. 1 2 Academic website of Martin S. Feibert, Ph. D.
  33. ↑ Violence by Intimates Analysis of Data on Crimes by Current or Former Spouses, Boyfriends, and Girlfriends. US Department of Justice. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
  34. 1 2 Measuring Intimate Partner (Domestic) Violence National Institute of Justice. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  35. ↑ http://www.gottman.com/shop/when-men-batter-women/
  36. ↑ Main page Stop Abuse For Everyone. 2010. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  37. ↑ Walker, Lenore E. (1979) The Battered Woman. New York: Harper and Row.
  38. ↑ Intergenerational Cycle Of Abuse AbusiveLove.com. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  39. ↑ Johnson, Allan G. (2000). The Blackwell dictionary of sociology: A user's guide to sociological language. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-631-21681-0.
  40. ↑ Michael B. First, MD. A Research Agenda for DSM-V: Summary of the DSM-V Preplanning White Papers. Published in May 2002.
  41. 1 2 A Sociologist’s Perspective on Domestic Violence, A Conversation with Michael Johnson, Ph.D. Theodora Ooms, interviewer. Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP). p. 3. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  42. ↑ Power and Control Wheel, National Center on Domestic and Sexual Violence. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  43. ↑ A Sociologist’s Perspective on Domestic Violence, A Conversation with Michael Johnson, Ph.D. Theodora Ooms, interviewer following May 2006 conference. Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP). pp. 2-4. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  44. ↑ Bachman, R.; D. Carmody. (1994) "Fighting Fire with Fire: The Effects of Victim Resistance in Intimate Versus Stranger Perpetrated Assaults Against Females." Journal of Family Violence. 9(4):317–31. doi:10.1007/BF01531942.
  45. ↑ Johnson, M. P., (1995). Patriarchal terrorism and common couple violence: Two forms of violence against women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 283–294.
  46. ↑ Saunders D.G. (1998). "Wife Abuse, Husband Abuse, or Mutual Combat? A Feminist Perspective on the Empirical Findings." Feminist perspectives on wife abuse. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. pp. 90–113. ISBN 0-8039-3053-4.
  47. 1 2 3 Shipway, Lynn. (2004). Domestic violence: a handbook for health professionals. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-28220-8.
  48. 1 2 Mayhew, P.; Mirlees-Black, C.; Percy, A. (1996) The 1996 British Crime Survey England & Wales. Home Office.
  49. ↑ Hawton K.; van Heeringen, K. (April 2009). "Suicide." Lancet. 373(9672):1372–81. PMID 19376453. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60372-X.
  50. ↑ Fagan, Jeffrey. (1996).The Criminalization of Domestic Violence: Promises and Limits National Institute of Justice. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  51. ↑ UNFPA. Afghanistan's First Family Response Unit Open for Business. January 24, 2006.
  52. ↑ Act As One Queensland Government. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  53. ↑ "Wife harassing you? Call for help." IBN. November 29, 2006. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
  54. ↑ Book Review: Who Stole Feminism? How Women have Betrayed Women? Save Indian Family. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  55. ↑ Contemporary Family Therapy. Springer Science+Business Media. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  56. ↑ Family Process
  57. ↑ Family Relations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  58. ↑ Journal of Child and Family Studies, ISSN 1062-1024 (Print) ISSN 1573-2843 (Online), Springer.
  59. ↑ Journal of Family Psychology
  60. ↑ Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Sage Publications. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  61. ↑ Journal of Marital and Family Therapy
  62. ↑ Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. Sage Publications. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  63. ↑ Violence Against Women. Sage Publications. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
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