Peng Pai

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Peng (彭).
Peng Pai
彭湃
Born (1896-10-22)October 22, 1896
Haifeng, Guangdong, China
Died August 30, 1929(1929-08-30) (aged 32)
Shanghai, China
Political party Communist Party of China
A Peasants Movement Pioneer
A Prominent Revolutionary

Peng Pai (Chinese: 彭湃; pinyin: Péng Pài )(October 22, 1896—August 30, 1929) born in Haifeng County (now under Shanwei Municipality), Guangdong Province, China, was a pioneer[1] of the Chinese agrarian movement and peasants' rights activist, a prominent revolutionary, and one of the leaders of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) at its earlier stage.[2] Peng Pai was one of the few Chinese intellectuals who were aware in early 1920s that peasantry and land issues caused the most critical problems for Chinese society. He believed that the success of any revolution in China must depend on the peasants as its base foundation.[3][4]

Background and early life

Peng Pai was born on October 22, 1896, into the elite segment of society as a landlord offspring (dizhu chushen 地主出身) and an heir to great wealth.[2] The Peng family was of Cantonese origin, with about thirty members, owning lands cultivated by peasant tenants who, with their families, numbered more than 1,500; so each one of the Peng family controlled about fifty peasants.[5]

Peng Pai’s sociopolitical views were partly influenced by his mother, Zhou Feng (周凤). Zhou Feng came from an impoverished family. At the age of eighteen, she was sold by her parents as a concubine to Peng Pai’s father Peng Xin (彭辛，another first-name Shou-yin 寿殷).[2] At that time, Peng Xin already had two sons by his first wife. Pai’s mother had three sons of her own: Peng Hanyuan (彭汉垣), Peng Pai, and Peng Shu (彭述).[2][6] Hanyuan and Shu later actively joined and assisted Pai in the peasant movement launched and led by Pai.[1] All three brothers lost their lives for this cause. They are officially honored as "Revolutionary Martyrs" by the People’s Republic of China.

Study in Japan (1917–1921)

Reports on the Haifeng Peasant Movement by Peng Pai, published on 1926. The title's Chinese Characters were handwritten then by Zhou Enlai (周恩来).

Education commissioner of Haifeng (1921–1922)

Launching and leading peasant movement (1922–1926)

A CCP leader establishing the first Soviet in China (1927–1928)

A Statue of Peng Pai in Haifeng County seat
A Statue of Peng Pai in Haifeng, Guangdong Province, China.

Imprisonment and death (1929)

In memory of Peng Pai and Yang Yin, the CCP named its military academy the "Peng-Yang Military Academy of the Red Army".

Prominent descendants

Peng Pai’s second son, Peng Shilu (彭士禄), is a famed scientist of Nuclear Propulsion and Nuclear Power Engineering in China, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE). He is nicknamed as one of the "Founding Fathers of China's Naval Nuclear Propulsion" [13] for his prominent and key contributions to China's Nuclear Submarine project.

Peng Shige (彭实戈), a grandson of Peng Pai's elder brother Peng Hanyuan, is a famed Mathematician in China and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He is noted for his contributions in stochastic analysis and founding of Mathematical Finance in China. He was invited and gave a one-hour plenary lecture[14] at the International Congress of Mathematicians at Hyderabad, India in August, 2010.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hofheinz, Roy Jr. (1977). The Broken Wave: The Chinese Communist Peasant Movement, 1922-1928. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-08391-1.
    In the Preface, the author called Peng Pai "the father of Chinese rural communism".
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Pang, Yong-Pil (July 1975). "Peng Pai From Landlord to Revolutionary". Modern China. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications USA. 1 (3): 297–322. doi:10.1177/009770047500100303. ISSN 0097-7004.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Ip, Hung-Yok (2009). Intellectuals in Revolutionary China, 1921-1949: Leaders, Heroes and Sophisticates. Florence KY: Routledge. pp. 54–66. ISBN 0-415-54656-7.
  4. 1 2 Terrill, Ross (1999). Mao: A Biography. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press. pp. 98–102. ISBN 0-8047-2921-2.
  5. 1 2 3 Peng, Pai (1926). Translated by Donald Holoch，December 1973, ed. Report on the Haifeng Peasant Movement. Ithaca, NY: China-Japan Program, Cornell University.
  6. ↑ 彭汉垣
  7. ↑ 海丰县彭湃纪念中学
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Galbiati, Fernando (1985). Peng Pai and the Hai-Lu-Feng Soviet. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1219-0.
  9. ↑ Current Intelligence Staff Study -Mao Tse-Tung And Historical Materialism. April 1961. p8
  10. ↑ Chang, Jung; Halliday, Jon (2005). Mao: The Unknown Story. Random House. p. 109. ISBN 978-0224071260.
  11. ↑ Wang, Zheng (1999). "Huang Dinghui (1907- ): Career Revolustionary". Women in the Chinese Enlightenment: Oral and Textual Histories. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. 310–314. ISBN 0-520-21874-4.
  12. ↑ Zhou, Enlai (September 14, 1929). "The Arrest and Murder of Comrades Peng Pai, Yang Yin, Yan Changyi and Xing Shizhen". Selected works of Zhou Enlai. Vol. 1. Beijing, China: Foreign Languages Press; 1981. pp. 35–40. ISBN 0-08-024551-X.
  13. ↑ Erickson, Andrew S & Goldstein, Lyle J (Winter 2007). "CHINA’S FUTURE NUCLEAR SUBMARINE FORCE - Insights from Chinese Writings", Naval War College Review, 60(1): 55-79
  14. ↑ Official web page of The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM 2010): PLENARY SPEAKERS/Invited Speakers
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