Dark bush-cricket

Dark bush-cricket
Male of Pholidoptera griseoaptera
Female of Pholidoptera griseoaptera
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Family: Tettigoniidae
Subfamily: Tettigoniinae
Genus: Pholidoptera
Species: P. griseoaptera
Binomial name
Pholidoptera griseoaptera
(De Geer, 1773)
Synonyms
  • Decticus apterus (Charpentier, 1825)
  • Gryllus cinereus Gmelin, 1789
  • Locusta aptera Charpentier, 1825
  • Locusta griseoaptera De Geer, 1773
  • Pholidoptera cinerea (Gmelin, 1789)
  • Pterolepis aptera (Charpentier, 1825)

The dark bush-cricket (Pholidoptera griseoaptera) is a flightless species of bush-cricket.

Description

Nymph
Sound of Pholidoptera griseoaptera
Field recording in the Netherlands 33s

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Pholidoptera griseoaptera can reach a body length of 11 to 21 mm (males) and 15 to 20 mm (females), much smaller than the similar Pholidoptera aptera. The sickle-shaped and upward curved ovipositor of the females is 8 to 10 millimeters long, while the males have two short cerci. The basic coloration of the body is gray to dark brown, rarely reddish-brown or yellow-brown. The sides of the pronotum have white edges, while the underbelly is yellow. The antennae and the hind legs are quite long.

This species is almost wingless. The rounded wings of the males are brown with light brown to ocher-colored edges and are about five millimeters in length, about as long as the pronotum. The females are wingless or have half-round, gray-brown forewings, but they are only one to two millimeters long. Long-winged forms do not occur.

Behavior

The adults are omnivorous, feeding primarily on small insects such as aphids and caterpillars, but eat also plants such as bramble (Rubus species), dandelion (Taraxacum species) and nettles (Urtica species). The stridulation is a brief and penetrating sound, repeatedly irregularly night and day.

The females lay their eggs in the soil, in dead branches, in bark crevices and rotting wood. The eggs need high humidity. The larvae require two years for their full development, with seven larval stages. They feed exclusively on vegetables. Nymphs appear at the end of April of the third year, while the first adults appear in June.

Distribution

This species can be found in Europe from northern Spain and Ireland up to Crimea, Caucasus and the Near East.

Habitat

The dark bush-cricket colonizes a variety of habitats, but avoids sandy soils and are accordingly rare in sandy areas. It is mainly present in forest edges or clearings, but can be found also in wasteland, parks and gardens, at an elevation of about 0–2,100 metres (0–6,890 ft) above sea level.

References

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/25/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.