Physalis virginiana
| Physalis virginiana | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Physalis virginiana | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Genus: | Physalis |
| Species: | P. virginiana |
| Binomial name | |
| Physalis virginiana Mill. | |
Physalis virginiana, the Virginia groundcherry,[1] is a rhizomatous perennial with a deeply buried stem base. It is found mostly in eastern North America as far west as Wyoming.[1]
Description
The Virginia groundcherry is mostly found from early July to September in native areas. It prefers moist slightly sandy soil where grazing is light.[2] Each base typically supports one to six hairy stems that are forked with ascending branches. It leaves are palish green and lance shaped. Small greenish flowers grow on each of its stems. The flowers form a five angled bladder like structure that surrounds the plants half inch diameter sized fruit. It has been found to grow in height from 8 to 12 inches.[2]
Aggressive Species
The Virginia groundcherry is native through much of the United States as well as Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick.[3] It is considered rare in parts of Ontario.[4] However, along with other members of the Physalis genus are aggressive species and have been found to be an invasive in some parts of the United States. A specific example of the aggressive capabilities of Physalis virginiana is its effect on soy bean production in Kentucky. The berries are often crushed during the soy bean harvest which allows the Physalis seeds to cling to the soybean seeds. Certification standards for soy bean production requires that no more than 62/ha black nightshade or groundcherry plants should be found at inspection, entry for. This problem has led to scientific studies on ways to reduce black nightshade and groundcherry populations around soybean farms. One such study found that germination of these plants were reduced in the dark and in lower pH substrates. The groundcherry plants were found to be less affected by moisture reduction.[5]
Hybridization
The hybridization potential of Physalis virginiana has also been studied. One such study found that the Physalis virginiana population was decreasing in an area as a hybrid of Physalis virginiana and Physalis heterophylla. The researchers believed that the increased hybridization of Physalis virginiana is possibly due to scarcity of Physalis virginiana pollen. Another possibility they gave was that the hybrid plants may be better suited for certain environments.[6]
Traditional uses
Native Americans traditionally used various Physalis species for eye infections, treating open wounds, and gastrointestinal symptoms.[7]
Medicinal Potential
Physalis species are now studied for their potential health benefits. One study done specifically on Physalis virginiana was intended to investigate the antibacterial potential of Physalis virginiana. The overall purpose of this study was to identify the chemical compounds of Physalis virginiana that could be used to make antibiotics. The researchers introduced extracts from the plant to twelve different bacteria cultures. They found that extracts from the plant inhibited the growth of eight out of the twelve strains of bacteria. The identified the chemical compound in the plant that inhibits bacteria growth to be withanolide. The whole plant showed bacteria inhibiting properties but extracts from the shoots of the plants had the most effect, and extracts from the roots of the plant showed the least effect.[7]
References
- 1 2 "Physalis virginiana". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
- 1 2 "Native Flowers of the North Dakota Grasslands, entry for http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/wildflwr/species/physvirg.htm". External link in
|title=(help); - ↑ Williamson, Gerald C. Wildflowers of the United States http://uswildflowers.com/detail.php?SName=Physalis%20virginiana. Retrieved 13 August 2014. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Oak Ridges Moraine Technical Paper". Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing.
- ↑ Craig E. Thomson & William W. Witt (Jan 1987), "Germination of Cutleaf Groundcherry (Physalis angulata), Smooth Groundcherry (Physalis virginiana), and Eastern Black Nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum)", Weed Science, 35 (1): 58–62
- ↑ W. Frederick Hinton (Feb 1975), "Natural Hybridization and Extinction of a Population of Physalis virginiana (Solanaceae)", American Journal of Botany, 62 (2): 198–202, doi:10.2307/2441596
- 1 2 Kathleen A. Gibson; R. Neil Reese; Fathi T. Halaweish & Yulin Ren (Jan–March 2012), "Isolation and characterization of a bactericidal withanolide from Physalis virginiana", Pharmocognosy Magazine, 8 (29): 22–28, doi:10.4103/0973-1296.93307, PMC 3307198
, PMID 22438659 Check date values in: |date=(help)
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