Facial hair

Facial hair is a secondary sex characteristic of human males, referring to the growth of hair on or around the chin, jowls, and philtrum. Men typically start developing facial hair in the later years of puberty or adolescence, between seventeen and twenty years of age, and most do not finish developing a full adult beard until their early twenties or later.^[1] This varies, as boys may first develop facial hair between fourteen and sixteen years of age, and boys as young as eleven have been known to develop facial hair. Women are also capable of developing facial hair, especially after menopause, though typically significantly less than men.

Male pogonotrophy—the growing of facial hair—is often culturally associated with wisdom and virility.^[2] Men may style their facial hair into beards, moustaches, goatees or sideburns; others completely shave their facial hair. The term whiskers, when used to refer to human facial hair, indicates the hair on the chin and cheeks.^[3]

In male adolescence

Abraham Lincoln is said to have grown his beard on the recommendation of the eleven-year-old Grace Bedell.^[4]

The moustache forms its own stage in the development of facial hair in adolescent males.^[5] Facial hair in males does not always appear in a specific order during puberty and varies among some individuals but may follow this process:

• The first facial hair to appear tends to grow at the corners of the upper lip (age 11–15).
• It then spreads to form a moustache over the entire upper lip (age 16–17).
• This is followed by the appearance of hair on the upper part of the cheeks and the area under the lower lip (age 16–18).
• It eventually spreads to the sides and lower border of the chin and the rest of the lower face to form a full beard (age 17–21).^[6]
• Although this order is commonly seen, it can vary widely, with some facial hair starting from the chin and up towards the sideburns.
• As with most human biological processes, this specific order may vary among some individuals depending on one's genetic heritage or environment.

Military

Depending on the periods and countries, facial hair was prohibited in the army or, on the contrary, an integral part of the uniform.

In religions

Many religious male figures are recorded to have had facial hair; for example, all the prophets mentioned in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) were known to grow their beards. Other religions, such as Sikhism, encourage growing beards. Amish men grow beards after marriage, but continue to shave their moustaches in order to avoid historical associations with military facial hair due to their pacifistic beliefs. There are various hadiths that describe the necessary beard as its entirety, such as Sunan Abu Dawood 33;4183, which says, "The Prophet saw a boy with part of his head shaved and part left unshaven. He forbade them to do that, saying: Shave it all or leave it all." Therefore, most non-taqlid Muslims such as the ghair muqallids, Salafis and Ahle Hadith view its growing as wajib and fardh. The reasoning for the command was reportedly to differ the Muslims from non-Muslims deriving from Sahih Bukhari, "Do otherwise than those who ascribe partners to Allah (the mushriks)."^[7][8]

On women

Women typically have little hair on their faces, apart from eyebrows and the vellus hair that covers most of their bodies. However, in some cases, women have noticeable facial hair growth, most commonly after menopause. Excessive hairiness (especially facially) is known as hirsutism and is usually an indication of atypical hormonal variation. In contemporary Western culture, many women shave, tweeze, or otherwise depilate facial hair that appears, as considerable social stigma is associated with facial hair on women, and freak shows and circuses have historically displayed bearded women. Many women globally choose to totally remove their facial hair by professional laser treatment.^[9]

Styles of facial hair

• Top to bottom from left to right: Stubble (1)
• Moustache (2)
• Goatee (3)
• French cut (4)
• Mutton chops (5)
• "Friendly" muttonchops (6)
• Van Dyke (7)
• Full beard (8)

See also

• Eyebrow
• Whiskers

Further reading

• Jack Passion, The Facial Hair Handbook, Jack Passion, LLC; First edition (May 19, 2009). ISBN 978-0-87975-551-5.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Facial hair.

• Facial hair at DMOZ