Procedural animation

A procedural animation is a type of computer animation, used to automatically generate animation in real-time to allow for a more diverse series of actions than could otherwise be created using predefined animations.

Procedural animation is used to simulate particle systems (smoke, fire, water ^{[1] [2]} ), cloth and clothing, rigid body dynamics, and hair and fur dynamics, as well as character animation.

In video games it is often used for simple things like turning a character's head when a player looks around (as in Quake III Arena) and more complex things, like ragdoll physics, which is usually used for the death of a character in which the ragdoll will realistically fall to the floor. A ragdoll usually consists of a series of connected rigid bodies that are programmed to have Newtonian physics acting upon them; therefore, very realistic effects can be generated that would very hardly be possible with traditional animation. For example, a character can die slumped over a cliff and the weight of its upper-body can drag the rest of it over the edge.

Even more complex examples of procedural animation can be found in the game Spore wherein user-created creatures will automatically be animated to all actions needed in the game from walking, to driving, to picking things up. In the game Unreal Tournament 3 bodies who have gone into ragdoll mode to fake death can arise from any position into which they have fallen and get back on their feet. The canceled Indiana Jones game from LucasArts shown at E3 2006 featured character motions that were animated entirely in real-time, with characters dodging, punching, and reacting to the environment based on an engine called Euphoria by NaturalMotion which has since been used in games such as Grand Theft Auto IV and Backbreaker.

Example of Procedural Animation

In this example, the first wheel leads the second, the second wheel leads the third.
The radius and position of the second wheel are varying over time, the speed of rotation of the third wheel follows.
Values have been calculated with a System Dynamics software.

See also

• Procedural programming
• Procedural generation
• Procedural texture
• Physics engine
• Ragdoll physics
• Game physics
• Cartoon physics

References

1. ↑ Miguel Gomez, "Interactive Simulation of Water Surfaces" in "Game Programming Gems", ed. Mark DeLoura. Charles River Media, 2000, p 187-199, ISBN 1-58450-049-2
2. ↑ Greg James, “Operations for Hardware-Accelerated Procedural Texture Animation” in “Game Programming Gems 2” ed. Mark DeLoura, Charles River Media, 2001, p 497, ISBN 1-58450-054-9