Pseudomyrmex

Pseudomyrmex
Pseudomyrmex gracilis (elongate twig ant) worker
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Pseudomyrmecinae
Tribe: Pseudomyrmecini
Genus: Pseudomyrmex
Lund, 1831
Type species
Formica gracilis[1]
Fabricius, 1804
Diversity[2]
146 species
Synonyms[3]

Apedunculata Enzmann, 1944
Clavanoda Enzmann, 1944
Latinoda Enzmann, 1944
Leptalea Erichson, 1839
Myrmex Guérin-Méneville, 1844
Ornatinoda Enzmann, 1944
Pseudomyrma Guérin-Méneville, 1844
Triangulinoda Enzmann, 1944

Pseudomyrmex is a genus of stinging, wasp-like ants in the subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae. They are large-eyed, slender ants, found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the New World.

Distribution and habitat

Pseudomyrmex is predominantly Neotropical in distribution, but a few species are known from the Nearctic region.[4] Most species are generalist twig nesters, for instance, Pseudomyrmex pallidus may nest in the hollow stems of dead grasses, twigs of herbaceous plants, and in dead, woody twigs.[4] However, the genus is best known for several species that are obligate mutualists with certain species of Acacia.[5] Other species have evolved obligate mutualism with other trees; for example Pseudomyrmex triplarinus is obligately dependent on any of a few trees in the genus Triplaris.[6][7]

Species

  • Pseudomyrmex acanthobius (Emery, 1896)
  • Pseudomyrmex adustus (Borgmeier, 1929)
  • Pseudomyrmex alternans (Santschi, 1936)
  • Pseudomyrmex alustratus Ward, 1989
  • Pseudomyrmex alvarengai Kempf, 1961
  • Pseudomyrmex antiguanus (Enzmann, 1944)
  • Pseudomyrmex antiquus Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex apache Creighton, 1953
  • Pseudomyrmex atripes (Smith, 1860)
  • Pseudomyrmex avitus Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex baros Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex beccarii (Menozzi, 1935)
  • Pseudomyrmex boopis (Roger, 1863)
  • Pseudomyrmex browni Kempf, 1967
  • Pseudomyrmex brunneus (Smith, 1877)
  • Pseudomyrmex caeciliae (Forel, 1913)
  • Pseudomyrmex championi (Forel, 1899)
  • Pseudomyrmex cladoicus (Smith, 1858)
  • Pseudomyrmex colei (Enzmann, 1944)
  • Pseudomyrmex concolor (Smith, 1860)
  • Pseudomyrmex coronatus (Wheeler, 1942)
  • Pseudomyrmex coruscus Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex cretus Ward, 1989
  • Pseudomyrmex cubaensis (Forel, 1901)
  • Pseudomyrmex curacaensis (Forel, 1912)
  • Pseudomyrmex dendroicus (Forel, 1904)
  • Pseudomyrmex denticollis (Emery, 1890)
  • Pseudomyrmex depressus (Forel, 1906)
  • Pseudomyrmex distinctus (Smith, 1877)
  • Pseudomyrmex duckei (Forel, 1906)
  • Pseudomyrmex eduardi (Forel, 1912)
  • Pseudomyrmex ejectus (Smith, 1858)
  • Pseudomyrmex elongatulus (Dalla Torre, 1892)
  • Pseudomyrmex elongatus (Mayr, 1870)
  • Pseudomyrmex endophytus (Forel, 1912)
  • Pseudomyrmex ethicus (Forel, 1911)
  • Pseudomyrmex euryblemma (Forel, 1899)
  • Pseudomyrmex excisus (Mayr, 1870)
  • Pseudomyrmex extinctus (Carpenter, 1930)
  • Pseudomyrmex faber (Smith, 1858)
  • Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus (Smith, 1877)
  • Pseudomyrmex fervidus (Smith, 1877)
  • Pseudomyrmex fiebrigi (Forel, 1908)
  • Pseudomyrmex filiformis (Fabricius, 1804)
  • Pseudomyrmex flavicornis (Smith, 1877)
  • Pseudomyrmex flavidulus (Smith, 1858)
  • Pseudomyrmex gebellii (Forel, 1899)
  • Pseudomyrmex gibbinotus (Forel, 1908)
  • Pseudomyrmex godmani (Forel, 1899)
  • Pseudomyrmex goeldii (Forel, 1912)
  • Pseudomyrmex gracilis (Fabricius, 1804)
  • Pseudomyrmex haytianus (Forel, 1901)
  • Pseudomyrmex hesperius Ward, 1993
  • Pseudomyrmex holmgreni (Wheeler, 1925)
  • Pseudomyrmex incurrens (Forel, 1912)
  • Pseudomyrmex ita (Forel, 1906)
  • Pseudomyrmex janzeni Ward, 1993
  • Pseudomyrmex kuenckeli (Emery, 1890)
  • Pseudomyrmex laevifrons Ward, 1989
  • Pseudomyrmex laevigatus (Smith, 1877)
  • Pseudomyrmex laevivertex (Forel, 1906)
  • Pseudomyrmex leptosus Ward, 1985
  • Pseudomyrmex lynceus (Spinola, 1851)
  • Pseudomyrmex macrops Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex maculatus (Smith, 1855)
  • Pseudomyrmex major (Forel, 1899)
  • Pseudomyrmex malignus (Wheeler, 1921)
  • Pseudomyrmex mandibularis (Spinola, 1851)
  • Pseudomyrmex mixtecus Ward, 1993
  • Pseudomyrmex monochrous (Dalla Torre, 1892)
  • Pseudomyrmex nexilis Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex niger (Donisthorpe, 1940)
  • Pseudomyrmex nigrescens (Forel, 1904)
  • Pseudomyrmex nigrocinctus (Emery, 1890)
  • Pseudomyrmex nigropilosus (Emery, 1890)
  • Pseudomyrmex oculatus (Smith, 1855)
  • Pseudomyrmex oki (Forel, 1906)
  • Pseudomyrmex opaciceps Ward, 1993
  • Pseudomyrmex opacior (Forel, 1904)
  • Pseudomyrmex oryctus Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex osurus (Forel, 1911)
  • Pseudomyrmex pallens (Mayr, 1870)
  • Pseudomyrmex pallidus (Smith, 1855)
  • Pseudomyrmex particeps Ward, 1993
  • Pseudomyrmex pazosi (Santschi, 1909)
  • Pseudomyrmex peperi (Forel, 1913)
  • Pseudomyrmex perboscii (Guerin-Meneville, 1844)
  • Pseudomyrmex peruvianus (Wheeler, 1925)
  • Pseudomyrmex phyllophilus (Smith, 1858)
  • Pseudomyrmex pictus (Stitz, 1913)
  • Pseudomyrmex pisinnus Ward, 1989
  • Pseudomyrmex prioris Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex pupa (Forel, 1911)
  • Pseudomyrmex reconditus Ward, 1993
  • Pseudomyrmex rochai (Forel, 1912)
  • Pseudomyrmex rufiventris (Forel, 1911)
  • Pseudomyrmex rufomedius (Smith, 1877)
  • Pseudomyrmex salvini (Forel, 1899)
  • Pseudomyrmex santschii (Enzmann, 1944)
  • Pseudomyrmex satanicus (Wheeler, 1942)
  • Pseudomyrmex schuppi (Forel, 1901)
  • Pseudomyrmex seminole Ward, 1985
  • Pseudomyrmex sericeus (Mayr, 1870)
  • Pseudomyrmex simplex (Smith, 1877)
  • Pseudomyrmex simulans Kempf, 1958
  • Pseudomyrmex solisi (Santschi, 1916)
  • Pseudomyrmex spiculus Ward, 1989
  • Pseudomyrmex spinicola (Emery, 1890)
  • Pseudomyrmex squamifer (Emery, 1890)
  • Pseudomyrmex subater (Wheeler, 1914)
  • Pseudomyrmex subtilissimus (Emery, 1890)
  • Pseudomyrmex succinus Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex tachigaliae (Forel, 1904)
  • Pseudomyrmex tenuis (Fabricius, 1804)
  • Pseudomyrmex tenuissimus (Emery, 1906)
  • Pseudomyrmex terminalis (Smith, 1877)
  • Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1855)
  • Pseudomyrmex thecolor Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex triplaridis (Forel, 1904)
  • Pseudomyrmex triplarinus (Weddell, 1850)
  • Pseudomyrmex unicolor (Smith, 1855)
  • Pseudomyrmex urbanus (Smith, 1877)
  • Pseudomyrmex veneficus (Wheeler, 1942)
  • Pseudomyrmex venustus (Smith, 1858)
  • Pseudomyrmex vicinus Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex viduus (Smith, 1858)
  • Pseudomyrmex villosus Ward, 1989
  • Pseudomyrmex voytowskii (Enzmann, 1944)
  • Pseudomyrmex weberi (Enzmann, 1944)
  • Pseudomyrmex wheeleri (Enzmann, 1944)

References

  1. ↑ "Genus: Pseudomyrmex". antweb.org. AntWeb. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  2. ↑ Bolton, B. (2014). "Pseudomyrmex". AntCat. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  3. ↑ Ward, P. S. (1990). "The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Generic revision and relationship to other formicids". Systematic Entomology. 15 (4): 449–489. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1990.tb00077.x.
  4. 1 2 Phillip S. Ward (1985). "The Neartic species of the genus Pseudomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Quaestiones Entomologicae. 21: 209–246.
  5. ↑ Gómez-Acevedo, Sandra; Rico-Arce, Lourdes; Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso; Magallón, Susana; Eguiarte, Luis E. Neotropical mutualism between Acacia and Pseudomyrmex: Phylogeny and divergence times. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (2010) 393–408
  6. ↑ Larrea-Alcázar, D. M. and J. A. Simonetti. (2007). Why are there few seedlings beneath the myrmecophyte Triplaris americana?. Acta Oecologica 32(1) 112-18.
  7. ↑ Ward, Philip S. (1 August 1999). "Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the Pseudomyrmex viduus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Triplaris- and Tachigali-inhabiting ants". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 126 (4): 451–540. doi:10.1006/zjls.1998.0158.
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