Rerikhism

Symbol of Rerikhism: the Pax per Cultura, the true culture being the "Cult of Light", the "Light of Fire", the all-pervading Fire (Agni).[1]

Rerikhism[2] or Roerichism (Russian: Рерихи́зм, Рерихиа́нство, Ре́риховское движе́ние) is a spiritual and cultural movement centered on the teachings transmitted by Helena and Nicholas Roerich.[3] It draws ideas from Theosophy, Eastern and Western religions, and Vedic and Buddhist traditions, molding them into the Russian culture and Russian cosmism.[4][5]

Teachers and their teachings

Helena Roerich

Main article: Helena Roerich
Helena Roerich. 1909.
Valentin Serov

Helena Roerich (1879–1955) was a Russian philosopher, writer, and public figure. In the 20th century, she created, in cooperation with the Teachers of the East (Masters of the Ancient Wisdom), a philosophic teaching of Living Ethics (Agni Yoga).

Helena was born in the family of Ivan Shaposhnikov, a well-known Saint-Petersburg architect. Helena’s mother, belonged to an ancient Golenischev-Kutuzov family, which originated from Novgorod at the end of the 13th century. Significant members of this family included knyaz Mikhail Kutuzov, field marshal of the Russian Empire; Arseny Golenishchev-Kutuzov, poet of the end of 19th century; and Modest Mussorgsky, well-known composer. It was a nobiliary family distinguished not only for its nobility but for its cultural traditions too. Helena was in frequent communication with the artists and scientists of the era, such as Vladimir Bekhterev, Alexander Blok, Sergei Diaghilev, Arkhip Kuindzhi, Vladimir Solovyov, Vladimir Stasov, Igor Stravinsky, and Mikhail Vrubel.[6]

In 1901 Helena married Nicholas Roerich. Since that time they were inseparable on life and spiritual-creative paths. She became his companion-in-arms in all his public and cultural undertakings. The Agni Yoga Society was founded by Nicholas and Helena in 1920 in the United States. It is a non-profit educational institution incorporated under the laws of the State of New York.[7] Together with her husband she participated in the heroical transhimalayan expedition (1924–1928). After the Roerich family settled in Kullu Valley in Himalayas there was established the Himalayan Institute of the Scientific Studies and its honorary president — the foundress was Helena Roerich.[8] The years of life in India were the time of the most intensive work of Helena. Here she completed a major part of books of Agni Yoga series. There were published 14 volumes of that series. On title pages of the volumes there is no name of the author since Helena Roerich considered that the sacred wisdom stated there can not be the author's property. She considered herself an author of three books only. They were published under different pen-names: "The Foundations of Buddhism" (1927), "The Cryptograms of the East" (1929), "The Banner of the Reverent Sergius" (1934). Besides, she maintained very active correspondence with many people from Europe, Asia and America. Two volumes of her letters (Letters of Helena Roerich[9][10]) were published in Riga in 1940. Helena also did the translations. She translated into Russian the extracts from the book The Mahatma Letters to A.P. Sinnett (The Chalice of the East) and also two volumes of The Secret Doctrine by Helena Blavatsky.[8]

Nicholas Roerich

Main article: Nicholas Roerich
Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Nikolas Roerich, and Mohammad Yunus

Nicholas Roerich (1874–1947) was a Russian painter, writer, archaeologist, theosophist, philosopher, public figure. He is perceived by some people as a spiritual teacher and guru.[11][12]

He studied at the Karl May School, at the Imperial Academy of Arts, and at St. Petersburg University from 1893–1898, simultaneously at the Law University as well.[13] He wrote,"From 1890s, I saw accurate symbolisms of their people's morals shown in the main directions of philosophy, cultural memorials, monuments, literature and religions from ancient India, China, Tibet and Mongolian culture." For 42 years Roerich lived in Russia, in India for 20 years, US for 3 years, Finland for 2 years, France for 1 year, England for 1 year, China for 2 years, Tibet for half a year and Mongolia[14] for 7–8 months. Roerich twice toured through Central and Eastern Asia, in 1924 and 1934, and following his travels in Mongolia's Gobi and Altai Mountains and the Himalayan Mountains, wrote the books "Heart of Asia" and "Altai-Himalaya". An important roles for humankind to coexist peacefully, together with well-known international figures (Einstein, Tagore), initiated the Roerich Pact during World War II for the purpose of protecting world cultural values. Roerich's paintings, so attractive with their combinations of colours, amazing symbols, and secrets, depict hidden ideas and deep meanings. Roerich, knowing the Buddha legend, well toured through the Indian and Tibetan mountains looking for legendary Shambhala. The Roerichs are also famous for introducing Shambhala in Buddhist teachings in western countries.[15]

Jawaharlal Nehru's tribute to Roerich,[16]

When I think of Nicholas Roerich I am astounded at the scope and abundance of his activities and creative genius. A great artist, a great scholar and writer, archaeologist and explorer, he touched and lighted up so many aspects of human endeavour. The very quantity is stupendous – thousands of paintings and each one of them a great work of art. When you look at these paintings, so many of them of the Himalayas, you seem to catch the spirit of those great mountains which have towered over the Indian plain and been our sentinels for ages past. They remind us of so much in our history, our thought, our cultural and spiritual heritage so much not merely of the India of the past but of something that is permanent and eternal about India, that we cannot help feeling a great sense of indebtedness to Nicholas Roerich who has enshrined that spirit in these magnificent canvases.
Roerich's family: Nicholas, Helena, George, and Svetoslav. (Kullu valley, India)

Roerich's sons

Nicholas and Helena had two children. In August 1902 their eldest son, George, was born in Okulovka, Novgorod Oblast. After finishing his studies at Karl May School, he entered the Indian and Iranian department of Oriental Languages at London University in 1918. Under Indologist Professor Edward Denison Ross he studied Sanskrit and Pali.[17] Later he became a world-renowned scientist, orientalist, and guru.[18] George is known for his contributions to Tibetan dialectology, his monumental translation of the Blue Annals, and his 11-volume Tibetan-Russian-English dictionary with Sanskrit parallels.[19] After spending almost 30 years in India George returned in 1957 to Russia. His return and acquisition of Soviet citizenship was courageous as the USSR's opinion of his family was rather distorted. Because of his effort, bans were lifted on everything associated with the Rerikhism and the legacy of research left by the family was preserved. The first of Nicholas Roerich's exhibitions was organized in Moscow in 1958, then spread to Leningrad, Riga, Kiev, Tbilisi, and other cities. He was able to dispel myths about the family's philosophy of Agni Yoga and start a cultural movement using this philosophy to spread Living Ethics in the USSR.[20] George died on 21 May 1960, and his ashes were placed in Moscow, at the Novodevichy Cemetery. Svetoslav Roerich is the author of the memorial to this outstanding Russian scientist.[21][22]

Their younger son, Svetoslav, was born on 23 October 1904, in St.Petersburg. In 1914-1916 he studied at the Karl May School. Since 1920 he lived in the United States. Svetoslav entered the Columbia University, the department of architecture which he graduated with a bachelor's degree. Since 1923 he was a director of the International Centre of Art "Corona Mundi" in New York which was founded by Nicholas Roerich. In 1928 Svetoslav moved from USA to India (Darjiling) to his family. Studying the culture, art and philosophy of India he created many wonderful paintings. Together with landscapes he painted many portraits. The portraits of Nicholas Roerich, Jawaharlal Nehru and Devika Rani - Svetoslav's wife, must be specially marked. One of the most beautiful ones is a portrait of his mother Helena Roerich, the woman of exceptional spiritual and physical beauty. Svetoslav headed the department of folk art and pharmacopoeia at the Institute of Himalayan Studies "Urusvati". In 1989 upto the initiative of Svetoslav in the USSR was established the Soviet Foundation of the Roerichs at the base of which there were studies and spreading of the ideas of Agni Yoga. In 1991 he granted the Foundation with the archives of his parents and his eldest brother which were kept in India before. On 30 January 1993, Svetoslav passed away in Bangalore.[23][24]

Agni Yoga

Main articles: Agni Yoga and Living Ethics

Agni Yoga is a spiritual teaching transmitted by the Helena and Nicholas Roerichs from 1920. The followers of Agni Yoga believe that the teaching was given to the Roerich family and their associates by Master Morya, the guru of Helena Roerich and Helena Blavatsky, a founder of the Theosophical Society. In the sixteen volumes of the Teaching of Living Ethics that have been translated into English from the original Russian,[25] as well as in the letters of Helena Roerich, the Agni Yoga teaching is also referred to as the Teaching of Living Ethics, the Teaching of Life, the Teaching of Light, or simply as the Teaching.[26]

Being based on the ancient knowledge of the East and the achievements of modern science in the West, Living Ethics concerns peculiarities of cosmic evolution of humanity and creates a new system of its perception. The Teaching pays particular attention to the Cosmic Laws that determine the motion of planets and growth of natural structures, birth of stars, and also human behavior and the development of Universe. The authors of the Teaching state that these Laws influence the historic and social processes in human life and unless the humanity realizes this the life can't be improved. According to Living Ethics, Universe is the immense spiritual-energy system in which a man plays the most important role. The moral perfection, strict observance of ethical laws and comprehension of key factor of Culture in the development of human society are basic principles of spiritual and historical development of humanity.[27] It's impossible to build the better future without respecting knowledge and Culture.

A man, according to the Teaching, influences the Cosmic processes greatly. Particular attention is paid to the consciousness of a man and the culture of thinking, as thought is energy, capable of filling space and effecting its surroundings. A man is directly responsible for the quality of his thoughts, words, and deeds, because not only his spiritual and physical health depend on them, but also the condition of the entire planet. Calling people to live in accordance with Cosmic Laws, the Living Ethics opens unlimited possibilities for the spiritual transformation of life, the expansion of consciousness, and the acquirement of high moral standards.[28]

The Agni Yoga Society

Master Building, 1929 view

The Agni Yoga Society was founded in 1920 by Helena and Nicholas Roerich. It is a non-profit educational institution incorporated in 1946 under the laws of the State of New York, and is supported entirely by voluntary contributions and membership dues. The aims of the Society are embodied in the philosophy that gives it its name—Agni Yoga—as contained in the books of the Agni Yoga Series published by the Society. In them is found a synthesis of ancient Eastern beliefs and modern Western thought and a bridge between the spiritual and the scientific. Unlike previous yogas, Agni Yoga is a path not of physical disciplines, meditation, or asceticism—but of practice in daily life. It is the yoga of fiery energy, of consciousness, of responsible, directed thought. It teaches that the evolution of the planetary consciousness is a pressing necessity and that, through individual striving, it is an attainable aspiration for mankind. It affirms the existence of the Hierarchy of Light and the center of the Heart as the link with the Hierarchy and with the far-off worlds. Though not systematized in an ordinary sense, Agni Yoga is a Teaching that helps the discerning student to discover moral and spiritual guide-posts by which to learn to govern his or her life and thus contribute to the common good. For this reason Agni Yoga has been called a "living ethic." Speaking about the individual's role in human spiritual evolution, Helena Roerich wrote, "The greatest benefit that we can contribute consists in the broadening of consciousness, and the improvement and enrichment of our thinking, which, together with the purification of the heart, strengthens our emanations. And thus, raising our vibrations, we restore the health of all that surrounds us."[29]

The Master Institute of United Arts and Nicholas Roerich Museum

Nicholas Roerich Museum

The Master Institute of United Arts came into being in 1920 as the Master School of United Arts. It struggled to survive until, in 1922, Louis Horch financed its transfer from a single-room, all-in-one studio at 314 West 54th Street to a mansion he bought on the site where the Master Building would later be constructed. Originally built to house a museum for Nicholas Roerich, a school, an auditorium and a restaurant in a residential hotel, the building was designed by Helmle, Corbett & Harrison and Sugarman & Berger.[30][31] They were attracted to the spiritual quest in which the Roeriches were engaged and participated in sessions during which Helena Roerich would receive instructions from Mahātmā Morya and Nicholas Roerich would record them on scrolls of paper that were later transcribed into a series of texts, the Leaves of Morya's Garden,[32] which follows, appears to encourage the construction of a building, such as the Master Building, as an educational center for spiritual enlightenment. The Master Institute aimed to give students a well-rounded education in the arts and also to "open the gates to spiritual enlightenment" through culture.

The mansion where it was located also housed the Nicholas Roerich Museum, containing many of the thousands of paintings Roerich had created, and Corona Mundi, which arranged for exhibitions of paintings by Roerich and international artists. The Nicholas Roerich Museum in New York City is dedicated to the works of Nicholas Roerich, whose work focused on nature scenes from the Himalayas.[33] The museum is located in a brownstone at 319 West 107th Street on Manhattan's Upper West Side. The museum was originally located in the Master Apartments at 103rd Street and Riverside Drive, which were built especially for Roerich in 1929.[34] Currently, the museum includes between 100 and 200 of Roerich's works as well as a collection of archival materials.[35][36]

Roerich Pact and Banner of Peace

Main articles: Roerich Pact and Banner of Peace
Signing of the Roerich Pact in White House 15 April 1935 (in centre: Franklin Delano Roosevelt)

The Roerich Pact and Banner of Peace movement grew rapidly during the early nineteen-thirties, with centers in a number of countries. There were three international conferences, in Bruges, Belgium, in Montevideo, Uruguay, and in Washington, D.C. The Pact itself declared the necessity for protection of the cultural product and activity of the world—both during war and peace—and prescribed the method by which all sites of cultural value would be declared neutral and protected, just as the Red Cross does with hospitals. Indeed, the Roerich Pact was often called The Red Cross of Culture:[37]

NOW, THEREFORE be it known that I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, have caused the said Treaty to be made public to the end that the same and every article and clause thereof may be observed and fulfilled with good faith by the United States of America and the citizens thereof. IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have caused the Seal of the United States of America to be hereunto affixed. DONE at the city of Washington this twenty-fifth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and thirty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and sixtieth.

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT

By the President: Cordell Hull Secretary of State.

The American Russian Cultural Association

The American Russian Cultural Association (Russian: Америка́но–ру́сская культу́рная ассоциа́ция) was organized in the USA in 1942 to encourage cultural ties between the Soviet Union and the United States, with Nicholas Roerich as honorary president. The group's first annual report was issued the following year. The group does not appear to have lasted much past Nicholas Roerich's death in 1947.[38][39]

International Center of the Roerichs and the Nicholas Roerich Museum

International Center of the Roerichs (The hall of Living Ethics) in 2014

International Center of the Roerichs (Russian: Междунаро́дный це́нтр Ре́рихов) is a non-governmental public association of citizens and public associations incorporated on the basis of their common interests in the cause of study, preservation, and popularization of the Roerich family heritage. The Center is an associated member of the Non-Governmental Organizations Association under the United Nations Department of Public Information.[40]

The Museum (Russian: Музе́й и́мени Н. К. Ре́риха Междунаро́дного це́нтра Ре́рихов) contents comprises the Roerichs’ cultural heritage passed on to the Soviet Roerichs’ Foundation (now International Center of the Roerichs) by Svetoslav Roerich in 1990. It carries in itself a new cosmic world view for which new interest grows more each year. The core of the Rerikhism is the philosophy of cosmic reality – the Agni Yoga, which develops the idea of a close relationship between man and Cosmos, contains knowledge which assists in understanding the specific features peculiar to the new evolutionary stage of mankind’s development.[41]

Post-Roerichian teaching of life

A book "Community" (Russian: ″Община″) from the Teaching which was on board of orbital station "Mir", 1999

The Teaching of Life, which contains a new, cosmic worldview, has played and continues to play an enormous role in paving the way for the spiritual evolution. The Roerich movement, like any social movement in the process of formation, has its difficulties and problems.[42][43] Some international and regional organizations, whose activity is based on the ideas of Rerikhism, arose many years later after the death of all members of the Roerich family.

The World Organisation of Culture of Health (WOCH)

Skumin at the grave of George de Roerich at the Novodevichy Cemetery in 2014

This organization was founded in the year 1994. Victor Skumin was elected to the post of the President-founder of the World Organisation of Culture of Health — International social movement "To Health via Culture" (Russian: Междунаро́дное обще́ственное Движе́ние «К Здоро́вью че́рез Культу́ру»). The organization operates in accordance with the registered in Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation Charter. Key element of a "Culture of Health" is implement innovative health programs that support a holistic approach to physical, mental and spiritual well-being both inside and outside the workplace.[44][45]

In the Russian Orthodox Church the social activities of this international organization qualifies as an ideology of the Agni Yoga and New Age (NA),[46][47]

The ideology of the NA serves outstanding contemporary philosophers: Gregory Bateson, Ken Wilber, Paul Feyerabend. On a grand scale is the creation and support of international organizations, contained in the ideology of the NA. In Russia and in Ukraine, International movement "To Health via Culture", based on the teachings of Agni Yoga, operates and has a great publishing activity.

The relationship between the Skumin's doctrine of culture of health and Rerikhism is also confirmed by some scientists, such as Goraschuk V. P., Professor of H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University. In 2004, he wrote in his thesis for a Doctor’s degree on speciality "general pedagogics and history of pedagogics",[48]

V. Skumìn developed the problems associated with a culture of health in the context of philosophy of Roerich.

The anthem of WOCH ("To Health via Culture") consists of four stanzas. The capital letters each of the four stanzas form the word Agni.[49][50] (Anthem "To Health via Culture." on YouTube

).

Another hymn by Skumin is termed "Urusvati". Helena Roerich, known as the Tara Urusvati in Agni Yoga and Rerikhism. The hymn begins with the phrase, "The fire of the heart ignites Urusvati, she teaches the spirit take-off on the wings of the grace".[50]

The The journal of the World Organisation of Culture of Health (″World Health Culture Organization″) is based in Novocheboksarsk. In 1995, Victor Skumin became the first editor-in-chief of the journal To Health via Culture. The journal received an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 0204-3440.[51] The main topics of the magazine are the dissemination of ideas of culture of health, holistic medicine, and Rerikhism.

The Organization also has its own publishing house ("To Health via Culture"), who has the right to publish the books with the International Standard Book Number (ISBN).

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The Essence of The Banner of Peace". Estonian Roerich Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  2. ↑ Philip Walters. Religion, State & Society. Volume 28, Issue 1, 2000. Quote from the Editorial: ""Rerikhism" is an example of a thoroughly Russian new religious movement".
  3. ↑ "Lewis Keizer. Nicholas and Helena Roerich.". YouTube. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  4. ↑ Shaposhnikova, L.V. (2008). Космическое мышление и новая система познания // Живая Этика и наука. Выпуск 1 [Cosmic thinking and new system of knowledge // Living Ethics and Science. Issue 1] (in Russian). Moscow: International Centre of the Roerichs, Master Bank. pp. 14–40. ISBN 978-586988-189-2. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  5. ↑ Gindilis, L.M.; Frolov, V.V. (2001). "Philosophy of Living Ethics and its interpreters. Roerich's movement in Russia". Problems of philosophy ("Problemi filosofii"). Russian Academy of Sciences (3): 85–102. Archived from the original on 10 July 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  6. ↑ Roerich (born Shaposhnikova) Helena Ivanovna // New philosophical encyclopedia (in Russian). 1–4. Moscow: Misl. 2000.
  7. ↑ "Agni Yoga Society". agniyoga.org. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  8. 1 2 "Helena Ivanovna Roerich". Roerich & DevikaRani Roerich Estate Board, Karnataka Govt, India. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  9. ↑ "Letters of Helena Roerich. Book One". agniyoga.org. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  10. ↑ "Letters of Helena Roerich. Book Two". agniyoga.org. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  11. ↑ Skumin, V. A. (2004). Фуяма — огненный гуру-покровитель духовного человечества [Fuyama (Nicolas Roerich's spiritual name) as a Guru-patron of the spiritual mankind]. To Health via Culture. 10: 31–34. ISSN 0204-3440. OCLC 70966742. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  12. ↑ Klimentieva, Victoria (2009). NICHOLAS ROERICH: IN SEARH OF SHAMBHALA. The University of Texas at Austin. p. 31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  13. ↑ "ПЛАНЕТА "РЕРИХ". Электронная библиотека Международного Центра Рерихов. icr.su. Archived from the original on 11 July 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  14. ↑ "The Story of the Roerich Mongolia House". YouTube. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  15. ↑ Batbayar S. (27 November 2008). "Russian Scientist Roerich and Mongolia". Canada Tibet Committee News. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  16. ↑ "Estonian Roerich Society: Greetings". roerich.ee. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  17. ↑ Natalia R. Kravchenko and Vladimir Zaitsev (2003). "Professor George de Roerich and his outstanding contribution to Indo-Asian studies". The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  18. ↑ Skumin VA (2003). "Удрая – наш Духовный Наставник" [Udraia (George Roerich's spiritual name) is our Guru]. To Health via Culture. 9: 3–12. ISSN 0204-3440. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  19. ↑ "The European Library: Tibetsko-Russko-Anglijskij slovar' s Sanskritikimi paralleljami". Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  20. ↑ "George Roerich". International Centre of the Roerichs. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  21. ↑ "George Roerich /Yuri Nikolayevich Roerich/ (1902—1960)". Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  22. ↑ Sketch of the Tombstone on G.N.Roerich’s Grave at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow
  23. ↑ "Svetoslav Roerich". Roerich & DevikaRani Roerich Estate Board, Karnataka Govt, India. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  24. ↑ "Svetoslav Roerich. The artist who loved India's soul". The Tribune (India). 24 October 2004. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  25. ↑ "Bibliography". found-helenaroerich.ru. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  26. ↑ Skumin, V. A.; Aunovsky, O. K. (1995). Светоносцы (о семье Рерихов) [The Bringers of the Light (The story of the Roerich family).] (in Russian). Novocheboksarsk: TEROS. ISBN 5-88167-004-3. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  27. ↑ Skumin, V. A. (1995). Агни Йога как метод реабилитации человеческого духа [Agni Yoga as a method of rehabilitation of the human spirit] (in Russian). Cheboksary: To Health via Culture. ISSN 0204-3440. Archived from the original on 27 June 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  28. ↑ "Helena I. Roerich". found-helenaroerich.ru. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  29. ↑ "About Agni Yoga". agniyoga.org. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  30. ↑ "Master Apartments". emporis.com. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  31. ↑ "City Realty Review". cityrealty.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  32. ↑ Leaves Of Morya's Garden. Book One: The Call. agniyoga.org. 1924. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  33. ↑ Seth Kugel (16 April 2006). "Specialty Museums: Finding Art, Not Crowds, in New York". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
  34. ↑ Christopher Gray (29 January 1995). "Streetscapes/The Master Apartments; A Restoration for the Home of a Russian Philosopher". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
  35. ↑ Squires, Emily; Len Belzer (2008). Spiritual Places. Cosimo, Inc. p. 96. ISBN 1931044031.
  36. ↑ "Nicholas Roerich Museum (New York)". roerich.org. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  37. ↑ "Roerich Pact and Banner of Peace". roerich.org. Archived from the original on 18 July 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  38. ↑ "American-Russian Cultural Association". roerich-encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  39. ↑ "Annual Report". onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  40. ↑ "Extract from the Charter of the International public organization "International Center of the Roerichs"". Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  41. ↑ "The Nicholas Roerich Museum". Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  42. ↑ Gindilis, L.M.; Frolov, V.V. (Summer 2002). "Philosophy of Living Ethics and its interpreters. Roerich's movement in Russia". Russian Studies in Philosophy. 41 (1): 65–90. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  43. ↑ Sergei Yakovlev (20 October 2011). "Roerich's spirit lights up Kullu Valley". in.rbth.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  44. ↑ "Charter of the World Organisation of Culture of Health (Russian: Устав)". Kult-zdor.ru. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  45. ↑ Skumin, V. A. "Culture of Health Is a Science of Future". Kult-zdor.ru. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  46. ↑ Grantzev, V. I. "Критический анализ идеологии "Нью Эйдж" и оценка её общественной опасности" [A critical analysis of the ideology of the "New Age" and an assessment of its threat to society]. Orthodox-institute.ru. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  47. ↑ Grantzev, V. I. "Критический анализ идеологии "Нью Эйдж" и оценка ее общественной опасности. Текст" [A critical analysis of the ideology of the "New Age" and an assessment of its threat to society. Text]. www.scienceandapologetics.org. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  48. ↑ Goraschuk, V. P. (2004). Теоретичні і методологічні засади формування культури здоров’я школярів. Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора педагогічних наук із спеціальності 13.00.01 – загальна педагогіка та історія педагогіки [Theoretical and methodological principles of pupils’ health culture forming. Thesis for a Doctor’s degree on speciality 13.00.01 – general pedagogics and history of pedagogics] (in Ukrainian). Kharkov: avtoreferat.net. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  49. ↑ Skumin, Victor (2002). Молитвы, гимны, притчи Культуры Здоровья [Culture of Health: prayers, hymns, parables] (in Russian). Cheboksary: To Health via Culture. ISBN 5-88167-018-3. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  50. 1 2 Skumin, Victor (2007). Гимны Культуры Здоровья [Gimns of Culture of Health] (in Russian). Cheboksary: To Health via Culture. ISBN 978-5-88167-030-6. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  51. ↑ "K zdorovʹi︠u︡ cherez kulʹturu: zhurnal Mezhdunarodnogo obshchestvennogo dvizhenii︠a︡ "K zdorovʹi︠u︡ cherez kulʹturu"" [To health via culture: journal of the World Health Culture Organization]. catalog.loc.gov. OCLC 70966742. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2015.

Sources

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