Roger Goodell

Roger Goodell

Goodell speaking at the United States Military Academy in August 2012
Commissioner of the National Football League
Assumed office
September 1, 2006
Preceded by Paul Tagliabue
Personal details
Born Roger Stokoe Goodell
(1959-02-19) February 19, 1959
Jamestown, New York, U.S.
Political party Republican
Alma mater Washington & Jefferson College

Roger Stokoe Goodell (born February 19, 1959) is the Commissioner of the National Football League (NFL). Goodell was chosen to succeed the retiring Paul Tagliabue on August 8, 2006.[1] He was chosen over four finalists for the position, winning a close vote on the fifth ballot before being unanimously approved by acclamation of the owners. He officially began his tenure on September 1, 2006, just prior to the beginning of the 2006 NFL season. Commentators have described him as "the most powerful man in sports."[2][3][4]

Background

Roger Stokoe Goodell was born in Jamestown, New York,[5] the son of United States Senator Charles Ellsworth Goodell of New York, and Jean (Rice) Goodell of Buffalo, New York. He graduated from Bronxville High School where, as a three-sport star in football, basketball, and baseball, he captained all three teams as a senior and was named the school's athlete of the year.[6] Injuries kept him from playing college football.[7] Goodell is a 1981 graduate of Washington & Jefferson College in Washington, Pennsylvania with a degree in economics.[5][8][9][10]

NFL career

From intern to COO

Goodell's career in the NFL began in 1982 as an administrative intern in the league office in New York under then-Commissioner Pete Rozelle – a position secured through a letter-writing campaign to the league office and each of its then 28 teams.[11][12] In 1983, he joined the New York Jets as an intern, but returned to the league office in 1984 as an assistant in the public relations department.[13][14][15]

In 1987, Goodell was appointed assistant to the president of the American Football Conference, Lamar Hunt, and under the tutelage of Commissioner Paul Tagliabue filled a variety of football and business operations roles, culminating with his appointment as the NFL's Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer in December 2001. As the NFL's COO, Goodell took responsibility for the league's football operations and officiating, as well as supervised league business functions. He headed NFL Ventures, which oversees the league's business units, including media properties, marketing and sales, stadium development, and strategic planning.[16]

Goodell was heavily involved in the negotiation of the collective bargaining agreement with the NFLPA and NFL owners during the summer of 2011.[17] He also played an extensive role in league expansion, realignment, and stadium development, including the launch of the NFL Network and securing new television agreements.[16]

NFL commissioner selection

Upon Tagliabue's retirement Goodell was one of the candidates in contention for the role. In the second and third ballots, Goodell and Gregg Levy were the only candidates to receive votes (Goodell 17, Levy 14). Goodell increased his lead to 21–10 after the fourth ballot, falling one vote shy of election, but on the fifth round of voting two owners swung their votes to him to achieve the necessary two-thirds majority (Goodell 23, Levy 8).[15] The Oakland Raiders abstained from the voting in each round.

Goodell was chosen on August 8, 2006 to succeed Tagliabue and assumed office on September 1, the date Tagliabue had set to step down.[18]

Actions as commissioner

Goodell believes his primary responsibility as commissioner is protecting the integrity of the game and making it safer—"protecting the shield", as he puts it (a reference to the NFL's shield logo).[19] However, some of his actions in this regard have been met with criticism.[20]

In 2014, Goodell was awarded the third highest honor within the Department of the Army Civilian Awards scheme, the Outstanding Civilian Service Award, for substantial contributions to the US Army community while serving as the NFL commissioner.[21]

NFL in Europe

The spring league NFL Europe, founded in 1995 and since 2004 with five of six teams based in Germany, was shut down by Goodell after the 2007 season. The NFL International Series began in October 2007 with regular season games in London.

Player conduct

For more details on Roger Goodell's actions on NFL player conduct, see National Football League player conduct controversy.

In April 2007, following a year of significant scandal surrounding some NFL players' actions off the field, Goodell announced a new NFL Personal Conduct Policy. Tennessee Titans cornerback Pacman Jones and Cincinnati Bengals wide receiver Chris Henry were the first two players to be suspended under the new policy,[22] and Chicago Bears defensive lineman Tank Johnson was suspended months later because of his conduct involving weapon ownership and drunk driving. On August 31, 2007, Goodell suspended Dallas Cowboys quarterbacks coach Wade Wilson for five games and fined him US$100,000, and suspended New England Patriots safety Rodney Harrison for four games without pay, after they admitted the use of banned substances for medical purposes and to accelerate healing, respectively. The league indicated to Wilson that his more severe penalty was because they held "people in authority in higher regard than people on the field."[23] Goodell has also imposed suspensions on the following players for conduct:

Date(s) suspended Suspension length Name Position Team at the time of suspension
April 10, 2007 Entire 2007 season Adam "Pacman" Jones[22] Cornerback Tennessee Titans
First 8 games of 2007 season Chris Henry[22] Wide receiver Cincinnati Bengals
June 4, 2007 First 8 games of 2007 season Terry "Tank" Johnson[24] Defensive tackle Chicago Bears
August 24, 2007 – July 27, 2009 Suspended for the first two regular season games in the 2009 season and could play by week three of the season. He can play the final two pre-season games. Michael Vick[25] Quarterback Atlanta Falcons
October 14, 2008 Indefinite
(ultimately was the minimum of 4 games)		 Adam "Pacman" Jones[26] Cornerback Dallas Cowboys
August 13, 2009 Entire 2009 Season Donte Stallworth Wide Receiver Cleveland Browns
April 21, 2010 First 6 games of 2010 season (later changed to 4 games due to continuous following of the NFL personal conduct guidelines) Ben Roethlisberger Quarterback Pittsburgh Steelers
November 29 – December 11, 2011 Weeks 13 and 14 of 2011 season Ndamukong Suh[27] Defensive tackle Detroit Lions
September 7, 2014 – November 2014 First two weeks of 2014 season plus ten additional weeks (originally two games, then changed to Indefinite following release of the video of the assault which was vacated after 12 weeks)[28] Ray Rice Running back Baltimore Ravens

In addition to suspensions, Goodell has also fined players for on-field misconduct. For example, on October 19, 2010, the NFL handed out fines to Pittsburgh Steelers linebacker James Harrison, Falcons cornerback Dunta Robinson, and New England Patriots safety Brandon Meriweather after they were involved in controversial hits the previous Sunday. Goodell released a memo to every team in the league stating that "It is clear to me that further action is required to emphasize the importance of teaching safe and controlled techniques, and of playing within the rules."[29] The NFL's reaction to the hits was itself controversial and Goodell came under criticism from players like Troy Polamalu, who felt he had assumed too much control and power over punishment towards players and was making wrong decisions.[30]

Two national political advocacy groups, CREDO and UltraViolet have submitted a petition with over 100,000 signatures calling on Goodell and the NFL to "address its domestic violence problem." This came after Ray Rice was suspended for two games when he was accused of assaulting his then fiancée, Janay Palmer, who is now his wife.[31]

Spygate

On September 13, 2007, Goodell disciplined the New England Patriots and head coach Bill Belichick after New England attempted to videotape the defensive signals of the New York Jets from an illegal position on September 9. Belichick was fined the league maximum of $500,000 and the team itself was fined US$250,000 and the loss of their first round 2008 draft pick. Goodell came down hard on the Patriots because he felt Belichick's authority over football operations (Belichick is effectively the Patriots' general manager as well as head coach) was such that his decisions were "properly attributed" to the Patriots as well.[32] Goodell said he considered suspending Belichick, but decided against it because he felt fining them and stripping them of a draft pick were "more effective" than a suspension.[33]

2011 NFL lockout

Further information: 2011 NFL lockout

Outside of player conduct, Goodell is also known for his work in the 2011 NFL lockout. Prior to the start of the 2011 NFL season, Goodell worked with NFL owners and the NFLPA on settling the NFL lockout which ran from March 11 to August 5.[34] During the lockout, at the request of some NFL teams, he held conference calls with season ticket holders where he discussed the collective bargaining agreement and conducted question-and-answer sessions on various NFL topics.[35]

Bountygate

For more details on this topic, see New Orleans Saints bounty scandal.

In March 2012, Goodell revealed evidence that players and coaches on the New Orleans Saints had instituted a bounty program in which Saints defensive players were paid bonuses for deliberately knocking opposing players out of games. Then-defensive coordinator Gregg Williams administered the program, and as many as 27 Saints defensive players were involved. Later that month, Goodell handed down some of the harshest penalties in NFL history. He suspended Williams, who had left to become defensive coordinator of the St. Louis Rams, indefinitely. Goodell also suspended head coach Sean Payton for the entire 2012 season, general manager Mickey Loomis for eight games and assistant head coach Joe Vitt for six games. Additionally, the Saints themselves were fined a league maximum $500,000 and stripped of their second round draft picks in 2012 and 2013.[36] Goodell was particularly angered that those involved in the program lied about it during two separate league investigations of the program. Sanctions for players were not handed down at the time, and Goodell stated he would refrain from penalizing players until the NFLPA completed its investigation of the affair.[37]

2012 referee lockout

By June 2012, the league and the NFL Referees Association had not yet come to terms on a new collective bargaining agreement, thus failing to resolve a labor dispute. Accordingly, the NFL locked out the regular NFL game officials, and opened the 2012 season with replacement referees.[38][39]

The replacement officials consisted of low-level college and high school officials. None were Division I college referees at the time since the league wanted to protect them from union backlash and let them continue working their scheduled games during the concurrent college football season.[40] In addition, many of the top Division I conferences barred their officials from becoming replacements anyway because they employed current and former NFL referees as officiating supervisors.[41][42]

Despite Goodell stating during the preseason that he believed that the replacement officials will "do a credible job",[43] the inexperience of the replacement referees generated criticism by writers and players. Referencing Goodell's aforementioned other actions as commissioner, the NFLPA issued a letter after Week 2 to the owners to end the dispute, saying:

It is lost on us as to how you allow a Commissioner to cavalierly issue suspensions and fines in the name of player health and safety yet permit the wholesale removal of the officials that you trained and entrusted to maintain that very health and safety. It has been reported that the two sides are apart by approximately $60,000 per team. We note that your Commissioner has fined an individual player as much in the name of "safety." Your actions are looking more and more like simple greed. As players, we see this game as more than the "product" you reference at times. You cannot simply switch to a group of cheaper officials and fulfill your legal, moral, and duty obligations to us and our fans. You need to end the lockout and bring back the officials immediately.[44]

Player brain damage

Under Goodell's leadership, on August 30, 2013, the NFL reached a $765 million settlement with the former NFL players over head injuries.[45] The settlement created a $675 million compensation fund from which former NFL players can collect from depending on the extent of their conditions. Severe conditions such as Lou Gehrig's disease and postmortem diagnosed chronic traumatic encephalopathy would be entitled to payouts as high as $5 million.[45] From the remainder of the settlement, $75 million would be used for medical exams, and $10 million would be used for research and education.[45] However, in January, 2014, U.S. District Judge Anita B. Brody refused to accept the agreed settlement because "the money wouldn't adequately compensate the nearly 20,000 men not named in the suit".[46] In 2014 the cap was removed from the amount.[47]

Deflategate

Main article: Deflategate

After the NFL suspended New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady four games for his alleged awareness of team employees deflating footballs, as indicated in the Wells Report, the NFLPA filed an appeal of his suspension on May 14, 2015.[48] Despite their request for a neutral third party arbitrator, the NFL announced that Goodell would preside over Brady's appeal hearing,[49] which he did on June 23.[50]

Goodell announced his upholding of the suspension on July 28, citing the destruction of Brady's cell phone as critical evidence that Brady "knew about, approved of, consented to, and provided inducements and rewards in support of a scheme by which, with Mr. Jastremski’s support, Mr. McNally tampered with the game balls."[51] The same day, the NFL filed papers in Manhattan federal court to confirm Goodell's upholding of the suspension.[52] A day after the suspension was upheld, Brady and Patriots owner Robert Kraft made statements criticizing the league, with Brady stating that he was never "made aware at any time during Mr. Wells investigation, that failing to subject my cell phone to investigation would result in ANY discipline."[53][54]

On August 4, U.S. District Judge Richard M. Berman ordered the transcript from Brady's appeal hearing released to the public. Writers quickly spotted contradictions between Goodell's statement and Brady's testimony, notably regarding increased phone conversations between Brady and team staffer John Jastremski in the weeks between the AFC Championship Game and Super Bowl XLIX. Dan Wetzel of Yahoo! Sports pointed out that while Goodell had stated in upholding the suspension that Brady claimed he only spoke with Jastremski about football preparations for the Super Bowl, which would be suspicious if correct due to the increase in communication, Brady had testified in the hearing that other topics, including the alleged deflation, were discussed.[55] The NFL was also criticized for a conflict of interest at the hearing, as one of the lawyers who worked on the Wells Report, Lorin Reisner, cross-examined Brady during the hearing on behalf of the league; Ted Wells' independence in his investigation, as repeatedly asserted by the league, was also put to question, as he testified that NFL counsel Jeff Pash reviewed the report.[56]

Berman vacated Brady's suspension on September 3, citing a lack of fair due process.[57] Analysts criticized Goodell for his violation of due process in order to uphold an extreme punishment and his arrogance in presuming he superseded the NFL's rules. Wetzel stated that "Judge Berman didn't declare Brady innocent on Thursday; he declared the NFL guilty of violating federal law in trying to declare Brady guilty."[58] Michael Hurley of CBS Boston pointed out that the NFL's case was centered on Article 46 of the league's Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA), but Berman cited Article 46 as evidence that the league had used unfair process.[59]

The NFL announced it would appeal Judge Berman's decision just hours after the suspension was overturned.[60] The appeal hearing was held March 3, 2016.[61] At the hearing the three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit scrutinized Players Association lawyer Jeffrey L. Kessler more intensely than NFL lawyer Paul Clement, with Circuit Judge Denny Chin even stating that “the evidence of ball tampering is compelling, if not overwhelming.”[62]

On April 25, 2016, the Second Circuit reinstated Brady's four-game suspension for the 2016 NFL season. Circuit Judge Barrington Daniels Parker, Jr., joined by Circuit Judge Chin, wrote that they could not “second-guess” the arbitration but were merely determining it “met the minimum legal standards established by the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947”.[63] Circuit Chief Judge Robert Katzmann dissented, writing that the NFL's fines for using stickum were “highly analogous” and that here “the Commissioner was doling out his own brand of industrial justice.”[64] On May 21st, 2015, The Washington Post published an article that Goodell's efforts to harshly suspend Brady were "part of a personal power play", supporting public claims that he was simply trying to demonsrtate authority within the league.[65]

Personal life

In October 1997 Goodell married former Fox News Channel anchor Jane Skinner[66] and together they have twin daughters, born in 2001. He has four brothers; among them are Tim, who works for the Hess Corporation; and Michael, married to Jack Kenny, creator of the short-lived NBC series The Book of Daniel. The Webster family on the show was loosely based on the Goodell family.[67] Goodell's cousin Andy Goodell is a member of the New York State Assembly.

References

  1. ↑ "Goodell chosen as NFL's new commissioner". NFL.com. National Football League. August 8, 2006. Archived from the original on August 13, 2006. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  2. ↑ Feith, David (January 8, 2011). "Will the Lights Go Out in the NFL?". The Wall Street Journal. p. A11. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
  3. ↑ Maske, Mark (August 9, 2006). "Owners Pick Goodell as NFL Commissioner". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
  4. ↑ Gloeckler, Geoff; Lowry, Tom (September 26, 2007). "Roger Goodell: The Most Powerful Man in Sports". Business Week. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
  5. 1 2 "Action for Healthy Kids Board of Directors". ActionForHealthyKids.org. Archived from the original on June 23, 2006. Retrieved December 17, 2006.
  6. ↑ "Roger Goodell named NFL Commissioner". Scout.com. August 9, 2006. Retrieved August 9, 2006.
  7. ↑ "Roger Goodell Biography". TV Guide's Celebrity Bios. TV Guide. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
  8. ↑ "Goodell, Roger". Education for a Lifetime. Washington & Jefferson College. Archived from the original on 2012-05-15. Retrieved 2012-05-15.
  9. ↑ King, Peter (August 8, 2006). "Goodell named new commissioner". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 8, 2006.
  10. ↑ "New commissioner joined NFL in 1982". ESPN. August 8, 2006. Retrieved August 8, 2006.
  11. ↑ Crepeau, Richard C. (2014). NFL Football: A History of America's New National Pastime. University of Illinois Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-252-09653-2.
  12. ↑ Korth, Joanne (August 13, 2006). "Dream job comes with challenges". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  13. ↑ "Goodell, from PR intern to commissioner". Associated Press via NBC Sports. August 9, 2006. Retrieved April 22, 2010.
  14. ↑ Matuszewski, Erik; Eichelberger, Curtis (August 8, 2006). "NFL Picks Goodell, Once an Intern, as Commissioner". Bloomberg. Retrieved August 8, 2006.
  15. 1 2 Maske, Mark (August 2008). "Commissioner Vote Was Close". blog.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved January 6, 2007.
  16. 1 2 "New Commissioner Joined NFL in 1982". ESPN. August 9, 2006. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
  17. ↑ Davis, Nate (August 5, 2011). "Goodell, Smith Sign CBA at Hall of Fame". USA Today. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
  18. ↑ Goldberg, Dave (August 8, 2006). "Roger Goodell chosen to succeed Paul Tagliabue as NFL commissioner". Canada: CBC. Retrieved August 9, 2006.
  19. ↑ "Goodell doesn't mention Roethlisberger". Associated Press. 2010-06-28. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
  20. ↑ "League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis". Frontline. October 8, 2013. PBS.
  21. ↑ Odierno, Raymond (April 29, 2014). "April 28, 2014 -- CSA's remarks at Twilight Tattoo". Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  22. 1 2 3 "NFL Goodell suspends Pacman for year; Henry for 8 games". ESPN. April 10, 2007. Retrieved April 10, 2007.
  23. ↑ Weisman, Larry (September 4, 2007). "Harrison, Wilson hit with drug suspensions". USA Today. p. 8C. Retrieved May 16, 2008.
  24. ↑ Mayer, Larry (June 4, 2007). "NFL announces Tank Johnson suspension". ChicagoBears.com. Retrieved August 25, 2007.
  25. ↑ O'Dell, Larry (August 25, 2007). "Vick Couldn't Scramble Out of This Mess". ABC News. Archived from the original on August 28, 2007. Retrieved August 25, 2007.
  26. ↑ "NFL suspends Pacman Jones indefinitely". Associated Press via Google.com. October 14, 2008. Archived from the original on October 18, 2008.
  27. ↑ "League upholds Suh's Suspension". Fox Sports. Associated Press. December 2, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  28. ↑ "Ray Rice terminated by team, suspended by NFL after new violent video". CNN.com.
  29. ↑ Peters, Craig (October 21, 2010). "Titans Players React to NFL Memo on Increased Discipline for Illegal Hits". TitansOnline.com. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  30. ↑ Mark Kaboly (November 4, 2010). "Polamalu thinks Goodell has too much authority". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  31. ↑ Belson, Ken (1 August 2014). "Roger Goodell Defends Length of Ray Rice's Suspension". New York Times. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  32. ↑ Associated Press (September 13, 2007). "NFL fines Belichick, strips Patriots of draft pick". NFL. Retrieved September 14, 2007.
  33. ↑ "Belichick draws $500,000 fine, but avoids suspension". ESPN. September 14, 2007. Retrieved May 16, 2008.
  34. ↑ "Roger Goodell signs 10-year CBA". Associated Press via ESPN.com. August 6, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  35. ↑ Kuriloff, Aaron (April 14, 2011). "NFL's Goodell to Hold Call With Giants Season-Ticket Holders Amid Lockout". Bloomberg. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  36. ↑ Klemko, Robert (March 21, 2012). "Sean Payton suspended, Saints fined for bounty program". USA Today. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  37. ↑ Goodell Talks Punishments. ESPN. March 21, 2013.
  38. ↑ Farmer, Sam (July 18, 2012). "NFL officials: Quality of games could suffer with replacement officials". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  39. ↑ "NFL to use replacement refs". ESPN. August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  40. ↑ Murphy, Brian (August 4, 2012). "Minnesota Vikings, NFL turning to replacement officials, for better or worse". Pioneer Press. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
  41. ↑ King, Peter (July 30, 2012). "A League At The Crossroads". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 13, 2012. NFL refs now serve as supervisors of officials for five major conferences—the Big East, Big 12, Pac-12, Big Ten and Conference USA—and they won't allow officials from those conferences to work NFL games. The source said that, in solidarity with the NFL zebras, supervisors in other FBS conferences won't allow their officials to work NFL games either
  42. ↑ Borden, Same (August 27, 2012). "With Referees Out, N.F.L. Stars Throw Flag on Novice Fill-Ins". The New York Times. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
  43. ↑ "Replacement referees: NFL players fear negative effects, Sporting News poll finds". Sporting News. August 24, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
  44. ↑ "NFLPA accuses owners of "greed" for locking out referees". ProFootballTalk. September 23, 2012. Retrieved September 23, 2012.
  45. 1 2 3 Connor, Tracy (30 August 2013). "NFL and players reach $765 million settlement over head injuries". U.S. News. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
  46. ↑ "Judge scuttles NFL's $760M concussion settlement", MarketWatch citing NBC10 Philadelphia, January 14, 2014. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  47. ↑ Jason Breslow, "Judge Approves NFL Concussion Settlement", PBS, July 7, 2014.
  48. ↑ "NFLPA appeals Patriots QB Tom Brady's four-game suspension". ESPN.com. 14 May 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  49. ↑ John Breech (14 May 2015). "Roger Goodell will hear Tom Brady's appeal; no neutral arbitrator". CBSSports.com. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  50. ↑ Don Melvin (23 June 2015). "Tom Brady's 'Deflategate' appeal hearing ends after 10 hours". CNN.com. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  51. ↑ Jeff Howe (28 July 2015). "Highlights from Roger Goodell's ruling on Tom Brady appeal". Boston Herald. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  52. ↑ Armstrong, Kevin; et al. (28 July 2015). "NFL hopes to have expected Tom Brady lawsuit in New York and not Minnesota". New York Daily News. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  53. ↑ Orr, Conor (29 July 2015). "Tom Brady responds to Roger Goodell's ruling". National Football League. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  54. ↑ Almasy, Steve (29 July 2015). "Tom Brady and Patriots owner attack NFL over 'Deflategate' decision". CNN.com. CNN. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  55. ↑ Wetzel, Dan (5 August 2015). "Roger Goodell's manipulation of Tom Brady's testimony leaves NFL on slippery slope". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  56. ↑ Florio, Mike (6 August 2015). "Ted Wells, "independent" investigator in name only". ProFootballTalk. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  57. ↑ Orr, Conor (3 September 2015). "Judge nullifies Tom Brady's four-game suspension". National Football League. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  58. ↑ Wetzel, Dan (3 September 2015). "The arrogance of Roger Goodell". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  59. ↑ Hurley, Michael (3 September 2015). "Hurley: After losing Deflategate, Roger Goodell should be embarrassed". CBS Boston. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  60. ↑ Patra, Kevin (3 September 2015). "NFL officially appeals Tom Brady decision". National Football League. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  61. ↑ McCann, Michael (1 March 2016). "Deflategate is back in court: Preview of NFL's appeal hearing". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  62. ↑ Volin, Ben (3 March 2016). "Brady's lawyer feels pressure from judges". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  63. ↑ Volin, Ben (25 April 2016). "Brady must serve 'Deflategate' suspension, appeals court rules". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  64. ↑ Gershman, Jacob (25 April 2016). "Why the NFL Won its 'Deflategate' Appeal". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  65. ↑ "In trying to restore his authority, Goodell undermined his credibility". Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
  66. ↑ Schefter, Adam (August 8, 2006). "Goodell now comes to the forefront". NFL. Archived from the original on August 14, 2006. Retrieved August 8, 2006.
  67. ↑ Sepinwall, Alan (2005). "TV's New Religious Saga". Beliefnet. Retrieved December 17, 2006.
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