Saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise

Saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise
Skull of Cylindraspis inepta
Conservation status
Extinct  (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Family:	Testudinidae
Genus:	Cylindraspis
Species:	C. inepta
Binomial name
Cylindraspis inepta Günther, 1873
Synonyms[1]
Testudo neraudii Gray, 1831 (nomen oblitum) Testudo inepta Günther, 1873 Testudo boutonii Günther, 1875 Testudo sauzieri Gadow, 1894 Geochelone inepta Pritchard, 1967 Geochelone sauzieri Pritchard, 1967 Cylindraspis inepta Bour, 1981

The Saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise (Cylindraspis inepta) is an extinct species of tortoises in the Testudinidae family. It was endemic to Mauritius. The last records of this tortoise date to the early 18th century.

Description

One of two different giant tortoise species which were endemic to Mauritius, this saddle-backed species seems to have specialised in browsing higher bushes and low-hanging branches of trees. Its lower, flatter sister species grazed grass, as well as fallen leaves and fruit on forest floors. Although similarly sized, the two species differed substantially in their body shape and bone structure.

This species in particular seems to have been the ancestor of all the other four species of Cylindraspis giant tortoise of the Mascarene islands, and to have accidentally drifted to the surrounding islands of Reunion and Rodrigues in order to do so. Its species name of "inepta" is due to its supposed propensity for falling into the ocean.

Extinction

Engraving from 1601 showing the two Mauritian species of giant tortoise, far left

This species was previously numerous throughout Mauritius - both on the main island and on all the surrounding islets. As Mauritius was the first of the Mascarene islands to be settled, it was also the first to face the extermination of its biodiversity - including the tortoises. The tortoise species, like many island species, were reportedly friendly, curious and not afraid of humans.

With the arrival of the Dutch, vast numbers of both tortoise species were slaughtered - either for food (for humans or pigs) or to be burned for fat and oil.

In addition, they introduced invasive alien species such as rats, cats and pigs, which ate the tortoises' eggs and hatchlings.

The species was likely extinct on the main island of Mauritius by about 1700, and on most of the surrounding islets by 1735.

Round island refuge

The 1846 Lloyd report suggests that at least one of the two Mauritian tortoise species might have survived on Round Island (just north of Mauritius) until much later.^[2][3]

The Lloyd expedition in 1844 found several giant tortoises surviving on Round island, and one of the explorers, Mr Corby, "captured a female land tortoise in one of the caves on Round Island and brought it to Mauritius, where it produced numerous progeny, which distributed among his acquaintance."

While a 1845 hatchling could hypothetically have lived into the twenty first century, it is not known what happened to the hatchlings, and Round island itself had goats and rabbits introduced to it soon afterwards. This led to the total extinction of the tortoises in their last refuge, and later, at the unknown point when the last of Mr Corby's hatchlings died or was killed, the species would have become totally extinct.^[4]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cylindraspis inepta.

See also

• Turtles portal

References

• World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. Cylindraspis inepta. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 29 July 2007.

Tortoise family of turtles (Testudinidae)
Genus	Species of the tortoise family
Aldabrachelys	Aldabra giant tortoise
Astrochelys	Angonoka tortoise Radiated tortoise
Chelonoidis	Yellow-footed tortoise Chaco tortoise Galápagos tortoise Red-footed tortoise
Chersina	Angulate tortoise
Centrochelys	African spurred tortoise
Cylindraspis†	Domed Mauritius giant tortoise† Domed Rodrigues giant tortoise† Réunion giant tortoise† Saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise† Saddle-backed Rodrigues giant tortoise†
Geochelone	Burmese star tortoise Indian star tortoise
Gopherus	Bolson tortoise Desert tortoise Gopher tortoise Sonoran Desert tortoise Texas tortoise
Homopus	Common padloper Nama padloper Karoo padloper Greater padloper Speckled padloper
Indotestudo	Elongated tortoise Forsten's tortoise Travancore tortoise
Kinixys	Bell's hinge-back tortoise Forest hinge-back tortoise Home's hinge-back tortoise Lobatse hinge-back tortoise Natal hinge-back tortoise Speke's hinge-back tortoise
Malacochersus	Pancake tortoise
Manouria	Asian forest tortoise Impressed tortoise
Psammobates	Geometric tortoise Serrated tortoise Tent tortoise
Pyxis	Flat-backed spider tortoise Spider tortoise
Stigmochelys	Leopard tortoise
Testudo	Hermann's tortoise Kleinmann's tortoise Marginated tortoise Russian tortoise Spur-thighed tortoise
Phylogenetic arrangement based on turtles of the world 2012 update: annotated checklist. Key: †=extinct.