Sailfish OS

Sailfish
Developer Jolla
OS family Linux (Unix-like)
Working state Current
Source model Open source with added closed-source components and/or extensions of third parties which can be of other licences as well.[1][2]
Latest release 2.0.5.6 (Haapajoki) / November 30, 2016 (2016-11-30)
Latest preview 2.0.5.6 (Haapajoki) / November 22, 2016 (2016-11-22)
Marketing target Mobile and general purpose
Available in English for development, SDK & supporting documentation; over 21 national languages versions of UI in user's device
Package manager RPM Package Manager[3]
Platforms 32-bit ARM and 64-bit x86
Kernel type Monolithic (Linux)
License For end-user the EULA defines used open source and other licences components with a component's origin.[1][2]
Preceded by MeeGo by alliance of Nokia & Intel
Official website sailfishos.org
Hackday with Jolla, Mer and Nemo Mobile in September 2012

Sailfish OS (also styled as SailfishOS[4] or abbreviated to SFOS) is a mobile operating system combining the Linux kernel for a particular hardware platform use, the open-source Mer core middleware, a proprietary UI contributed by Jolla, and other third-party components.[1][2]

Sailfish is being developed by Jolla, the Sailfish and Mer project communities, corporate members of the Sailfish Alliance and various open community members. The Sailfish community makes development requests and decides development priorities by voting. The Mer project receives contributions from the Jolla and its community, and Mer is the source of middleware for Jolla, thereby continuous development and compatibility of both projects is maintained.[5]

The OS is shipped with the Jolla smartphone and tablet (discontinued[6]) and from other vendors licensing the OS.[7] More or less unofficially the OS is being ported by community enthusiasts to third-party mobile devices including smartphones[8] and tablets.[9]

History and development

The OS is an evolved continuation of the Linux MeeGo OS previously developed by alliance of Nokia and Intel which itself relies on Maemo. The MeeGo legacy is contained in the Mer core in about 80% of its code; the Mer name thus expands to MEego Reconstructed. This base is extended by Jolla with a custom user interface and default applications. Jolla and MERproject.org follow a meritocratic system to avoid the mistakes that lead to the MeeGo project's then-unanticipated discontinuation.

The main elements for Sailfish OS 2.0 include:

Software architecture

The Sailfish OS and the Sailfish software development kit (SDK) are based on the Linux kernel and Mer.[12][13][14] Sailfish OS includes a multi-tasking graphical shell called "Lipstick" built by Jolla on top of the Wayland display server protocol.[15] Jolla uses free and open-source graphics device drivers but the Hybris library allows use of proprietary drivers for Android.[16][17] Jolla's stated goal is for Sailfish to be open source eventually.[2]

Sailfish OS can run Android applications through a proprietary compatibility layer.[18]

Targeted device classes

Sailfish is commonly known to be targeted at mobile devices, but since it inherited around 80% of MeeGo code, Sailfish can be used as a complete general-purpose Linux OS on devices ranging from in vehicle infotainment (IVI), navigation, smart TV, desktops and notebooks, yachts, automotive, e-commerce, home appliances, measuring and control equipment, smart building equipment, etc. See use cases of original MeeGo to compare, and the Devices section for devices that run the Sailfish OS.

Sailfish OS SDK

The Sailfish OS SDK was announced in at Slush Helsinki conference in 2012, and the alpha was published in February 2013.[19] The SDK, installation and coding tutorials are available for free download from the Sailfish OS website despite the overall license not being open source.[1]

Sailfish SDK uses Qt with VirtualBox for development, compiling and emulation purposes, in contrast to the simulation method. This technique allows compilation on the Sailfish OS and full testing of developed software in the virtual machine, emulating—not simulating—the whole Sailfish OS. This also separates development activities and side effects from everything else running on the host computer, leaving it undisturbed by developments and tests.[20] According to Jolla, development with Sailfish SDK is development on Sailfish OS itself; there are no differences between developed software appearance and behaviour in the SDK and on a device running Sailfish OS.

The availability of source code to the SDK allows shaping and rebuilding to companies' or developers' specific needs, creating a context-specific environment that is set once and needs no preparation when the device is booted. The SDK runs on the operating systems Android, 32- and 64-bit versions of Linux, 64-bit versions of OS X, and Microsoft Windows.[21] It can be used for compiling software for Sailfish OS devices from Linux sources. Its general console/terminal mode follows a commonly used standard. Compatible binaries or libraries can also be used.

Application programming interfaces

Sailfish OS uses open source Qt APIs (Qt 5, QtQuick 2 etc.) and a closed source Sailfish Silica for the UI. Standard Linux APIs are provided by the Mer Core.[22]

Sailfish, Ubuntu and Plasma Active have been cooperating to share common APIs. When successful, this will make the platforms compatible on the API level.[23]

Software overview

Sailfish OS version 2.0.2.51 running on Intex Aqua Fish

UI supported languages

Officially Jolla declares supporting the following 14 languages for the user interface: Danish, German, English (UK), Spanish, French, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Finnish, Swedish, Russian, Chinese (Mainland), and Chinese (Hong Kong). For each of them, the OS has a dedicated keyboard. There are a few more languages which are unofficially supported by community freelancers not under control by Jolla, hence more than 20 languages are supported in total. Additional languages can be installed by skilled users due to the Linux architecture.[24]

Public "Early access" for beta testers and developers

After positive experiences with pushing early updates to a small group of opt-in users for Sailfish Update 9 and for the connectivity hotfix, Jolla has allowed all interested parties to try a new version of Sailfish OS about 1–2 weeks before official release, in a program called "Early access". It is expected to be useful for developers and technically minded users, and a step towards more community integration into the Sailfish release process, including improvement of quality by identifying critical issues which only show up in certain environments or device setups, before rolling the update out to the wider user audience. As an added bonus, it provides a window for developers to test their applications on new releases of Sailfish OS.

In the long term it will help Jolla to establish a developer program with early release candidate access for registered developers, and to have more community involvement in platform development. The first detail Jolla is hoping to learn from this is how it can gather feedback from a large audience in a reasonable way.

Basic details about the early access update:

Version history

Sailfish OS has three naming conventions: version number, update number and version name. Early Sailfish OS versions were named after a Finnish lake.[25] Each new Version is named after a Finnish river.[26]

Software version Release date Name
v1.0.0.5
(Initial release) 		27 November 2013 Kaajanlampi[25]
v1.0.1.10 9 December 2013 Update 1, Laadunjärvi[27]
v1.0.1.12 16 December 2013
v1.0.2.5 27 December 2013 Update 2, Maadajävri [sic][28]
v1.0.3.8 31 January 2014 Update 3, Naamankajärvi[29]
v1.0.4.20 17 March 2014 Update 4, Ohijärvi[30]
v1.0.5.16 11 April 2014 Update 5, Paarlampi[31][32]
v1.0.5.19 24 April 2014
v1.0.6.x N/A Update 6 was merged into Update7[33]
v1.0.7.16 9 June 2014 Update 7, Saapunki[34]
v1.0.8.19 14 July 2014 Update 8, Tahkalampi[35][36]
v1.0.8.21 6 October 2014
v1.1.0.38
(Opt-in update) 		23 October 2014 Update 9, Uitukka[37][38]
v1.1.0.39
(Opt-in update) 		24 October 2014
v1.1.1.26 18 December 2014 Update 10, Vaarainjärvi[39]
v1.1.1.27 19 December 2014
v1.1.2.15 19 February 2015 Update 11, Yliaavanlampi[40]
v1.1.2.16 25 February 2015
v1.1.3.x N/A Update 12 was merged into Update 13[41]
v1.1.4.28 15 April 2015 Update 13, Äijänpäivänjärvi[41][42]
v1.1.4.29 4 May 2015
v1.1.5.x N/A Update 14, dropped during Release Candidate phase[43]
v1.1.6.27 8 June 2015 Update 15, Aaslakkajärvi[43]
v1.1.7.24 15 July 2015 Update 16, Björnträsket[44]
v1.1.7.28 31 August 2015
v1.1.9.28 24 September 2015 Update 17, Eineheminlampi[45]
v1.1.9.30 22 October 2015
v2.0.0.10 3 November 2015 Update 18, Saimaa[46]
v2.0.1.7 19 January 2016 Update 19, Taalojärvi [47]
v2.0.1.11 28 April 2016
v2.0.1.11 9 May 2016
v2.0.2.43 N/A Update 20, Aurajoki [48]
v2.0.2.45 N/A
v2.0.2.48 28 July 2016
v2.0.2.51 31 August 2016
v2.0.2.51 7 September 2016
v2.0.3.11 N/A Update 21, Espoonjoki
v2.0.3.14 N/A
v2.0.4.13 5 October 2016 Update 22, Fiskarsinjoki [49]
v2.0.4.14 19 October 2016
v2.0.4.14 24 October 2016
v2.0.5.6 22 November 2016 Update 23, Haapajoki[50]
v2.0.5.6 30 November 2016

For readers not speaking Finnish it might be difficult to remember the Finnish words. It might be helpful to note that the names start in the order of the Finnish alphabet. R, Å, and Ö are skipped with updates 6, 12, and 14. After reaching the last letter it restarts with the letter A for update 15. There are no native Finnish words beginning with C or D, which could explain the jump at update 17, but from update 18 onwards the rule does no longer hold.

Porting

A number of projects successful on other platforms are migrating to become native Sailfish OS applications. This gives abandoned Harmattan or Symbian projects a new life. Porting Qt-written projects may take only a few hours. In support, sailfish.org collects and publishes[51] an online compendium of knowledge, links and instructions on:

As Sailfish is a GNU/Linux-based OS, it is also possible to install other GNU/Linux applications on it, be they sources for compilation or direct binaries.

Using Android software running on Sailfish OS

In addition to its native applications, Sailfish can run most Android applications. Problems can arise if these applications were coded without following Android standards about controls, which might not display correctly and so become unusable. Built-in Alien Dalvik plays the role of an Android compatibility layer. It emulates, but does not simulate, Android OS, and the environment is recognized as such by Android software, which thus runs at native speed without any perceivable performance slow-down. Sailfish multitasking is always enabled by the nature of Linux, and this allows running both native Sailfish and Android software simultaneously, while the user can switch between them on the fly.[52]

Hardware overview

Advantages of the Mer standard

Sailfish OS can be used on any hardware with Linux-kernel support and compatible with the middleware of the Mer core. A number of devices running ported this way has been created by community enthusiasts. Instead of designation to a specific reference hardware platform, a VirtualBox implementation with the Sailfish OS SDK is available for development on Linux, OS X and Windows operating systems. This virtual machine implementation contains the whole Sailfish OS isolated from local resources and the local OS to enable convenient evaluation of the behavior and performance of coded or ported software before deployment on real devices.

Jolla

Devices from other vendors licensing Sailfish OS

Manufacturers can provide mobile equipment with a licensed Sailfish OS, or as open source, or combining both and including their own or the operator's modifications and branding for specific markets or purposes.

Community enthusiasts' ports to devices from other vendors

Due to the relative ease of porting and the open source license, Sailfish OS has also been unofficially ported[53] to other 3rd-party devices. The Hardware Adaptation Development Kit for porters has been published and is free.[54] There are about 50 active portings in progress which follow official Mer standards, and they are listed below ordered by the device's retail name.[55] Due to license restrictions, this doesn't include proprietary parts or extensions such as the Alien Dalvik compatibility layer for Android apps. However it can be added, e.g. when a manufacturer or distributor turns it from the community version into an officially supported version for a particular device.

Sailfish OS can be installed in following variants of this mobile phone by ZTE:
  • ZTE Kis III (Kis 3),
  • ZTE V811,
  • ZTE V811W (but ATM w/o phone calls),
  • ZTE Blade M (but ATM w/o phone calls),
  • Beeline Smart2,
  • Moche Smart A16 (MEO),
  • Optus Hop Smart,
  • Skinny V811.

OS development status

Sailfish OS is promoted by Jolla and supported by the open Sailfish Alliance established in 2011, a group established to unite OEM and ODM manufacturers, chipset providers, operators, application developers and retailers.[86] On 16 August 2012, the user interface was reported to be ready for release. Jolla's CEO Jussi Hurmola stated in a ZDNet interview, " ... Our UI is ready now, we haven't released it yet, we will save it for the product launch and the platform is getting up now so the project looks pretty nice".[87]

The next day, Jolla's CEO Marc Dillon said on social networking website Twitter that the company had reached the first development target. Sailfish was debuted by the Jolla team, including a worldwide internet stream, as a demo of the OS, and the UI and SDK during the Slush event in Helsinki, Finland, on 21–22 November 2012. The alpha stage of Sailfish OS SDK was published at the end of February 2013 and was made available for free download.

On 16 September 2013, Jolla announced that its OS had been made compatible with Android applications and hardware.[88] The first telephone to use it was launched on 27 November 2013 at a pop-up DNA Kauppa shop in Helsinki. The first 450 telephones were sold at this event, while the rest of the preordered devices were shipped shortly after.[89]

In September 2015, version 1.1.9.28 "Eineheminlampi" was released, which added the main elements of the revamped Sailfish OS 2.0 user interface.

Sailfish 2.0 was launched with the Jolla Tablet, and existing devices, both smartphones and tablets, from Jolla's official distribution channels are supported with upgrade to Sailfish 2.0 and following updates.

In May 2016 Jolla announced the Sailfish Community Device Program, supporting developers and members of Sailfish OS community.[90]

Cooperation and OS support

Jolla staff met with members of the Russian technology community to break ground on the new software and promote Sailfish OS, as part of Jolla's BRICS strategy. As a result of those efforts, on 18 May 2015 the Russian minister of communications Nikolai Nikiforov announced plans to replace Apple's iOS and Google's Android platforms with new software based on Sailfish, as an open-source mobile operating system, developed by Finnish phone maker Jolla. He intends it to cover 50% of Russian need in this area during next ten years, in comparison to the 95% currently covered with western technology.[91][92]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Sailfish End User License Agreement". Jolla. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Sailfish License Information". Jolla. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015.
  3. ↑ "Packaging Applications for Distribution". SailfishOS.org. SailfishOS.org. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  4. 1 2 Wachter, Bernd (Aard). "[Official announcement] Early access to SailfishOS releases". https://together.jolla.com. https://together.jolla.com. Retrieved 28 August 2015. External link in |website=, |publisher= (help)
  5. ↑ "Sailfish Community Meetings". mer project wiki. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  6. ↑ "Jolla Tablet: Aiming for Closure". Official Jolla Blog. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  7. ↑ "Jolla signs up India's Intex as first Sailfish OS licensee". PCWorld. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
  8. ↑ "Sailfish OS on Fairphone 2 - a community driven project". Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  9. ↑ "Adaptations/libhybris". mer project wiki. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  10. ↑ Le Roux, Eric. "Software version 1.0.4.20, Ohijärvi released". Jolla together. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  11. ↑ Lassila, Juhani. "Sailfish OS 2.0 now available for the Jolla smartphone!". jolla blog. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  12. ↑ "SailfishOS.org".
  13. ↑ "What is Sailfish OS? 5 Things to Know".
  14. ↑ "SailfishOS.org".
  15. ↑ Holwerda, Thom (30 January 2014). "From Providence to Lahaina: the Jolla review". Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  16. ↑ "Jolla Brings Wayland Atop Android GPU Drivers".
  17. ↑ "SailfishOS.org".
  18. ↑ "Jolla OS Will Run Android Apps Says CEO Jussi Hurmola". 2012-08-20.
  19. ↑ "Sailfish OS SDK Alpha released". Tizen Experts. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  20. ↑ "Developer FAQ". Retrieved 23 March 2015.
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  22. ↑ "Software Development Kit". Sailfish OS. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  23. ↑ "[Qt-components] QML component APIs and techniques". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  24. ↑ "Language Settings". Jolla com. Jolla ltd. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  25. 1 2 Suomalainen, Aleksi (28 November 2013). "Jolla system updates will be named after a Finnish lake". The Jolla Blog. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  26. ↑ "release notes 2.0.2/Aurajoki". 28 July 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  27. ↑ Wachter, Bernd (9 December 2013). "[SailfishDevel] [Update] Changelog for SailfishOS update 1 (1.0.1.10)". devel (Mailing list). Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  28. ↑ Wachter, Bernd (27 December 2014). "[Release notes] Software version 1.0.2.5, Maadajävri". Jolla. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  29. ↑ Wachter, Bernd (31 January 2014). "[Release notes] Software version 1.0.3.8, Naamankajärvi". Jolla. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  30. ↑ bijjal (17 March 2014). "[Release notes] Software version 1.0.4.20, Ohijärvi". Jolla. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  31. ↑ bijjal (11 April 2014). "[Release notes] Software version 1.0.5.16, Paarlampi". Jolla. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  32. ↑ Wachter, Bernd (24 April 2014). "[hotfix] MMS changes for Paarlampi (1.0.5.19)". Jolla. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  33. ↑ Bijjal, Soumya (22 May 2014). "[Official announcement] Next OS update in early June". Jolla. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  34. ↑ bijjal (9 June 2014). "[Release notes] Software version 1.0.7.16, Saapunki". Jolla. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  35. ↑ bijjal (14 July 2014). "[Release notes] Software version 1.0.8.19, Tahkalampi". Jolla. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  36. ↑ bijjal (6 October 2014). "[Release Notes] Security Hotfix for Tahkalampi 1.0.8.21". Jolla. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  37. ↑ bijjal (23 October 2014). "[Release notes] Software version 1.1.0.38, Uitakka". Jolla. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  38. ↑ bijjal (24 October 2014). "[Release Notes] Hotfix for opt-in Update9, version 1.1.0.39". Jolla. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  39. ↑ bijjal (18 December 2014). "[Release notes] Software version 1.1.1.26, Vaarainjärvi". Jolla. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
  40. ↑ Bijjal, Soumya (13 February 2015). "[SailfishDevel] Update on SailfishOS roadmap". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  41. 1 2 Wachter, Bernd (16 April 2015). "[release notes] 1.1.4 / Äijänpäivänjärvi, early access". Jolla. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  42. ↑ Dillon, Marc (19 March 2015). "Jolla iteration 3: finalizing the first Jolla Tablet demo". Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  43. 1 2 "[release notes] 1.1.6 / Aaslakkajärvi, early access". Jolla. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  44. ↑ "[release notes] 1.1.7 / Björnträsket". Jolla. 15 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  45. ↑ "[release notes 1.1.9/Eineheminlampi". Jolla. 24 September 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  46. ↑ "[release notes 2.0.0 / Saimaa". Jolla. 3 November 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  47. ↑ "release notes 2.0.1 / Taalojärvi". Jolla. 9 May 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
  48. ↑ "release notes 2.0.2 / Aurajoki". Jolla. 28 July 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  49. ↑ "release notes 2.0.4 / Fiskarsinjoki". Jolla. 5 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  50. ↑ "[release notes 2.0.5 / Haapajoki". Jolla. 22 November 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
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  52. ↑ McAllister, Neil (2013-11-15). "Jolla's Android-aping Sailfish OS smartphones to land in November". The Register. Situation Publishing. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
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  55. ↑ "Adaptations/libhybris/porters". Adaptations/libhybris/porters. The MER WIKI wiki.merproject.org. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
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  63. ↑ vgrade100. "SailfishOS for Android on Nexus 5". youtube.com. vgrade100. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
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  77. ↑ "PuzzlePhone announces SLUSH White Edition and Jolla support for community Sailfish OS integration". puzzlephone.com.
  78. 1 2 "Sailfish OS su Nexus 4, Samsung Galaxy S3 e Xiaomi Mi2 - MWC 2014". YouTube. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
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  80. ↑ beidi. "[August 3rd]SailfishOS for Galaxy Nexus (Alpha)". Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  81. ↑ Deordiev, Igor. "Sailfish OS boot-up on Samsung Galaxy Nexus (i9250)". Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  82. ↑ merproject.org community, Mugna. "Adaptations/libhybris/Install SailfishOS for maguro". https://wiki.merproject.org/wiki. merproject.org. Retrieved 28 August 2015. External link in |website= (help)
  83. ↑ Ruoho, Simo. "Install Sailfish OS on Sony Ericsson Xperia Pro [How-to] Renew an old Android Phone with a new operating system". http://reviewjolla.blogspot.de. Simo Ruoho. Retrieved 10 August 2015. External link in |website= (help)
  84. ↑ -, merproject.org community. "Adaptations/libhybris/Install SailfishOS for huashan". https://wiki.merproject.org/wiki/Adaptations/libhybris. merproject.org. Retrieved 28 August 2015. External link in |website= (help)
  85. ↑ Lande, Rajesh. "How to Install Sailfish OS On Redmi 1S". youtube.com. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  86. ↑ "Jolla". Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  87. ↑ Tung, Liam. "Jolla's MeeGo UI is ready to go - and it's on the hunt for mobile talent". ZDNet.com. 2012 CBS Interactive. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  88. ↑ Bhushan, Amarendra. "Jolla Sailfish OS Now Supports Android Hardware And Applications". CEOWORLD Magazine. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
  89. ↑ "First Jolla Phone with Sailfish OS to launch on November 27th".
  90. ↑ "Jolla looks to boost ecosystem with developer initiative - Mobile World Live". mobileworldlive.com. 30 May 2016.
  91. ↑ Carrillo, Gabriel. "Russia Launches Its Own Phone Operating System". Phone Tips. Gabriel Carrillo. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
  92. ↑ Price, Rob (19 May 2015). "The Russian government is launching its own mobile operating system to take on Apple and Google". Business Insider. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
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