Salaulim Dam

Salaulim Dam

Aerial view of Salaulim Dam, Goa
Location of Salaulim Dam in India Goa#India
Official name Salaulim Dam
Country India
Location South Goa District, Goa
Coordinates 15°12′47″N 74°10′44″E / 15.21306°N 74.17889°E / 15.21306; 74.17889Coordinates: 15°12′47″N 74°10′44″E / 15.21306°N 74.17889°E / 15.21306; 74.17889
Construction began 1975
Opening date 2000
Construction cost Rs 170 Crores (present estimate)
Owner(s) Goa Water Resources Department
Dam and spillways
Type of dam Earth dam with concrete Spillway
Impounds Salaulim River a tributary of Zuari River
Height 42.7 metres (140 ft)
Length 1,004 metres (3,294 ft)
Spillways One
Spillway type Concrete, Duckbill type (Morning Glory) 44 m long
Reservoir
Creates Salaulim Reservoir
Total capacity Live storage 227,000,000 m3 (8.0×109 cu ft)
Surface area 24 km2 (9.3 sq mi)

The Salaulim Dam (also spelled Selaulim, Saluli) located on the Salaulim River, a tributary of the Zuari River in Goa, India, is an integral component of the Salaulim Irrigation Project which envisages benefits of irrigation and drinking water supply.[1][2][3] The dam is a composite earth-cum-masonry dam of 42.7 metres (140 ft) height with a water spread area of 24 km2 (9.3 sq mi).[1] It was initially planned to provide irrigation to an ultimate potential of 14,326 hectares (35,400 acres) and water supply of 160 million litres per day (MLD) to South Goa; the water supply component for domestic and industrial use is now increased to 380 MLD. The initial cost of the project when approved in 1971 was Rs. 9.61 crore, which, as of 2007, is estimated to cost Rs 170 crores. Construction of the project was however started in 1976, the dam was completed in 2000 and the irrigation component is under final stages of completion having achieved an irrigation potential of 9,537 ha, as of 2007.[3][4][5]

Geography

The project is located at Sirga about 5 km from the Sanguem town,[6] in the Zuari River Basin, which is drained by the Zuari River which in turn is formed after the confluence of Selaulim (also spelled Salaulim) and Uguem Rivers in Sanguem taluk.[7] The Salauilm dam is located on the Selaulim River (also known as Sanguem) near the Sanguem town. The river drains a catchment area of 227 km2 (88 sq mi).[1]

Project features

Reservoir water spread of the Salaulim Dam

The dam is a composite structure of earth-cum-masonry type of 42.70 metres (140.1 ft) height above the deepest foundation level. The length of dam at the crest is 1,004 metres (3,294 ft) and the reservoir water spread area (within Goa without inter-state implications) is 24 km2 (9.3 sq mi).[1] The dam structure has a volume content of 2.714 million cubic metres (MCM). The gross storage capacity of the reservoir is 234.361 MCM with the live or effective storage capacity fixed at 227.157 MCM.[1] The spillway which is of the unique Duckbill type (Morning Glory type) is an ungated structure located in the gorge section with a length of 44 metres (144 ft) which is designed to pass an estimated Design Flood Discharge of 1,450 cubic metres (51,000 cu ft)/s.[1][5] Out the total live storage of about 227 MCM, 126 MCM is for irrigation and the balance 101 MCM is earmarked for domestic and industrial water use. As a result, 220 MLD of water is available for industrial and domestic use in South Goa, in addition to 160 MLD originally provided in the approved project.[5]

Submergence
Island in the reservoir submergence area of Salaulim Dam

The reservoir submergence involved 20 villages which were partially or fully submerged. 3000 people were displaced and resettled. Mining areas were also submerged for which compensation was provided.[6] Apart from submergence of villages, the 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) tall figure of Mother Goddess (dated to 5th century BC), a 16 tonne image, which was to come under the submergence village of Curdi (Kurdi) in Sanguem taluk was relocated at Verna.[8] Another temple, archaeologically dated to the 10th–11th century of the Kadamaba period, at Kurdi, Angod, which was falling under the submergence area of Salauli Reservoir, was also relocated to a site 17 kilometres (11 mi) away. The relocation was done by dismantling of the original temple and then reassembling it at the new location after methodically numbering each stone, over a period of 11 years.[9]

Seismicity

Following an earthquake in the project area (which lasted for 5 seconds and had no effect on the safety of the dam), a proposal has been mooted to install a seismograph near Selaulim dam (location 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the Sanguem town) to monitor any Tectonics activity in the area.[10]

Irrigation system

The irrigation system of the project was planned to irrigate lands in Sanguem, Quepum and Salceto taluks (to grow sugar cane to meet the needs of Goa’s first sugar mill).[6] The canal, which takes off from the dam is on the left bank, known as the "Left Bank Main Canal" which is 25.73 kilometres (15.99 mi) long, and is designed to carry a discharge of 13.6 cubic metres (480 cu ft)/s. It has a network of distributary canals and minor canals to provide irrigation to an ultimate potential of 14,326 hectares (35,400 acres). As originally planned, the main canal had distributary canals D1,D2-D3 (combined off taking from the main canal at chainage 17.05 kilometres (10.59 mi)), minor canals M1, M2 and M3, which are all completed. However, the length of two of the distributary canals (D2 and D3) has been curtailed thus reducing the irrigation command by 4,680 hectares (11,600 acres). The water thus saved is proposed to be used for increasing the water supply for domestic and industrial users by about 220 MLD. The total irrigation potential created is 14,106 hectares (34,860 acres)(ultimate potential) of which the CCA is 9,537 hectares (23,570 acres). As a part of the command area development, 28 Water Users Associations (WUAs) have been instituted and out of these, 15 WUAs have been given control over the water distribution networks.[5]

Other benefits

In the vicinity of the Salaulim dam area, proposals were mooted to set up a health centre with a modern hospital with 300 beds, along with a nature park and a botanical garden.[11] The Botanical Garden was planned by the Goa Forest Department, patterned on the Brindavan Gardens in Mysore, involving landscaping and ornamental plantation.[12]

Fish is an important factor in the life of Goans and in this context the reservoir area of Salaulim and Anjunem Irrigation projects have also provided livelihood opportunities for the fishing community.[13] Fish seed farming was started in the fresh water lake of Selaulim for fish production.[14]

Pollution

Mining operations are still done in three mines, which are located within 1 km from the reservoir periphery.[15] A panel of experts has advised the authorities concerned to take adequate steps to prevent pollution of lake waters by mining effluents, as the reservoir is a source of drinking water supply.[16]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "National Register of Large Dams" (pdf). Goa. Central Water Commission (CWC) and National Informatics center (NIC). p. 46. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
  2. ↑ India. Director of Census Operations; Goa (1996). Census of India, 1991: Goa. Controller of Publications. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  3. 1 2 Olivinho Gomes; National Book Trust (2004). Goa. National Book Trust, India. ISBN 978-81-237-4139-0. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  4. ↑ "Government of Goa Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007–12 and Annual Plan 2007–08" (pdf). Directorate of Planning, Statistics And Evaluation Panaji. pp. 116–117. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Performance Budget for the Year 2008–2009". Salaulim Irrigation Project. Government of Goa. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
  6. 1 2 3 B.R. Sinha (1 January 2003). Encyclopedia of Professional Education Volume 7. Sarup & Sons. pp. 268–. ISBN 978-81-7625-410-6. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  7. ↑ Claude Alphonso Alvares (1 March 1991). Unwanted guest: Goans v/s. Du Pont. Other India Press. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  8. ↑ Robert Bradnock; Roma Bradnock (May 2002). Footprint Goa Handbook: The Travel Guide. Footprint Travel Guides. pp. 171–. ISBN 978-1-903471-22-7. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
  9. ↑ "The Mahadeva Temple, Kurdi – Goa". Exoticgoa. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
  10. ↑ "Monitoring seismic activity at Selaulim dam a must". The Times of India. 10 January 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  11. ↑ "Goa's ambitious master plan moots new tourism concepts". Rediff.com. 30 June 2001. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
  12. ↑ "Economic Survey 2003–2004" (pdf). Government of Goa. p. 110. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
  13. ↑ Rekha R. Gaonkar; Patil (1 January 2008). Fishery Management. APH Publishing. pp. 2–. ISBN 978-81-313-0320-7. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
  14. ↑ Goa, Daman and Diu (India). Explanatory Memorandum on the Budget: Volume 2. The University of California1980. Retrieved 9 February 2011. Fish seed farm at Salaulim: This scheme is taken up with a view to utilise the fresh water lake at Selaulim in respect of fish production.
  15. ↑ "Over half of mines near water bodies: Govt". Goanews. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
  16. ↑ "Monitor Selaulim dam regularly". The Times of India. 31 July 2010. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
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