Sebezh

Sebezh (English)
Себеж (Russian)
-  Town[1]  -

Panorama of Sebezh

Location of Pskov Oblast in Russia
Sebezh
Location of Sebezh in Pskov Oblast
Coordinates: 56°16′N 28°29′E / 56.267°N 28.483°E / 56.267; 28.483Coordinates: 56°16′N 28°29′E / 56.267°N 28.483°E / 56.267; 28.483
Coat of arms
Administrative status (as of February 2013)
Country Russia
Federal subject Pskov Oblast[1]
Administrative district Sebezhsky District[1]
Administrative center of Sebezhsky District[2]
Municipal status (as of February 2013)
Municipal district Sebezhsky Municipal District[3]
Urban settlement Sebezh Urban Settlement[3]
Administrative center of Sebezhsky Municipal District,[4] Sebezh Urban Settlement[3]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 6,375 inhabitants[5]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[6]
First mentioned 1414[7]
Town status since 1772[7]
Postal code(s)[8] 182250, 182251, 182299
Dialing code(s) +7 81140
Sebezh on Wikimedia Commons

Sebezh (Russian: Се́беж, Polish: Siebież) is a town and the administrative center of Sebezhsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located in a picturesque setting between Lakes Sebezhskoye and Orono 189 kilometers (117 mi) south of Pskov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 6,375 (2010 Census);[5] 7,138 (2002 Census);[9] 9,497 (1989 Census).[10]

History

Historical affiliations

Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1414–1535
Grand Duchy of Moscow 1535–1547
Tsardom of Russia 1547–1618
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1618–1772
 Russian Empire 1772–1917
Russia Russian Republic 1917
Soviet Russia 1917–1922
 Soviet Union 1922–1991
 Russian Federation 1991–present

It was first mentioned in 1414 as a fortress protecting Pskov from the south, when Vytautas of Lithuania sacked it.[7] Prince Ivan Shuysky built a wooden fortress there in 1535. In the 16th century, the fortress defended the Western approaches to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The Poles captured it during the Livonian War and held until the First Partition of Poland. The fortifications of Sebezh, now dismantled, were reinforced at the behest of Peter the Great during the Great Northern War. The castle hill is still dominated by the Roman Catholic Church, built in 1625-1648 and reconsecrated as a Russian Orthodox Church in 1989.

Until 1927, Sebezh was the seat of Sebezhskly Uyezd of Pskov Governorate (of Vitebsk Governorate before 1924).

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds and governorates were abolished and Sebezhsky District, with the administrative center in Sebezh, was established as a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[11] It included parts of former Sebezhsky Uyezd.[12] On June 3, 1929, Sebezhsky District was transferred to Western Oblast.[12] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[11] On January 29, 1935, Western Oblast was abolished and the district was transferred to Kalinin Oblast, and on February 5 of the same year, Sebezhsky District became a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Kalinin Oblast,[11] one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. On May 4, 1938, the district was transferred to Opochka Okrug.[11] On February 5, 1941, the okrug was abolished.[11] Between July 9, 1941 and July 17, 1944, Sebezh was occupied by German troops.[7] On August 22, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast.[11] On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished and Sebezhsky District was transferred to Pskov Oblast.[11]

According to the 1939 population census, there were 845 Jews living in Sebezh. The SS Division “Totenkopf” arrived in the town on July 7, 1941. Lots of Jews managed to escape during this period. During the entire occupation, which lasted from July 1941 to July 1944, there was an Ortskommandantur in the town. There was a Ordnungsdienst too. A ghetto was created in September 1941 and existed until March 1942. After that, it was liquidated. During the liquidation, more than 100 Jews were shot in pits. The perpetrators of the shooting were local Russian policemen.[13]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Sebezh serves as the administrative center of Sebezhsky District,[2] to which it is directly subordinated.[1] As a municipal division, the town of Sebezh, together with sixty-eight rural localities, is incorporated within Sebezhsky Municipal District as Sebezh Urban Settlement.[3]

Economy

Transportation

The M9 Highway, which connects Moscow and Riga, passes Sebezh. Another road connects Sebezh with Opochka. There are also local roads.

The railway connecting Moscow and Riga also passes Sebezh.

Culture and recreation

Sebezh contains one cultural heritage monument of federal significance and additionally fifteen objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[14] The federally protected monument is the Trinity Church (formerly a Catholic church), consecrated in 1648 and probably the oldest baroque structure in Russia. As of 2013, the church is closed to the public because of reconstruction.

Holy Trinity Church

Sebezh is home to the Sebezh District Museum, founded in 1927 and displaying collections of local interest.[15]

Born in Sebezh

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Law #833-oz stipulates that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. The Law #420-oz, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal districts, lists the town of Sebezh as a part of Sebezhsky District.
  2. 1 2 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 58 254», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 58 254, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
  3. 1 2 3 4 Law #420-oz
  4. ↑ Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Федеральное агентство по технологическому регулированию и метрологии. №ОК 033-2013 1 января 2014 г. «Общероссийский классификатор территорий муниципальных образований. Код 58 654». (Federal State Statistics Service. Federal Agency on Technological Regulation and Metrology. #OK 033-2013 January 1, 2014 Russian Classification of Territories of Municipal Formations. Code 58 654. ).
  5. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  6. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  7. 1 2 3 4 Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 414. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  8. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  9. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  10. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast, pp. 11–15
  12. 1 2 Себежский район (август 1927 г. - июнь 1929 г.) (in Russian). Справочник истории административно-территориального деления Ленинградской области. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  13. ↑ http://yahadmap.org/#village/sebezh-pskov-russia.535
  14. ↑ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  15. ↑ Себежский краеведческий музей (in Russian). Себежский краеведческий музей. Retrieved August 19, 2012.

Sources

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