TS Indefatigable

Training Ship Indefatigable was a British training school for boys intending to join the Royal Navy or the British Merchant Navy.

Origins

Until the middle of the nineteenth century the British Merchant Navy had no recognized training schools for boys entering the service. Education consisted of boys about 15 years old going to sea "to be led, guided, bullied and socialized into the culture of the sea".[1] There was no distinction between training for AB, and the training of future masters. Through experience it was possible to rise to the position of Master without any formal training.[1] Beginning in the mid- nineteenth century various forms of navigational and seamanship schools were created to remedy the problem

Liverpool

Swimming bath on the training ship "Indefatigable" at Liverpool. Wood engraving.

Two schools were established in Liverpool, HMS Conway, to prepare boys to go to sea as apprentice officers, and the TS Indefatigable to prepare boys for life at sea as a member of the deck crew.

In 1863 captain John Clint, a Liverpool shipowner, proposed the idea that a sea training school should be established for the orphans and sons of Liverpool seamen. Clint had helped found the Liverpool Shipowners' Association in 1839, the Pilots' Commission, the Dock and Harbour Company, the Liverpool Sailors' Home, the Northern Hospital, but most importantly Clint had been the prime mover in establishing HMS Conway and the Akbar, a reformatory school for boys.[2]

In 1864 the Admiralty agreed to loan HMS Indefatigable, a fifty–gun sailing ship frigate, launched in 1848, and retired from active service in 1857 to the Indefatigable committee. Mr. James Bibby contributed £5,000 to convert HMS Indefatigable into a training ship, and this became the beginning of a long relationship between the Bibby family and TS Indefatigable, which continues today with Sir Michael Bibby as President of the Indefatigable Old Boys Association. The Indefatigable was moored off Rock Ferry on the River Mersey alongside HMS Conway, Akbar and Clarence, both reformatory ships.[3] The first boys to join the Indefatigable did so on 28 August 1865.[2]

The original Indefatigable remained off Rock Ferry until 1912 when it was deemed unfit for use. In 1913, the Admiralty agreed to sell HMS Phaeton to the Indefatigable committee for £15,000. Mr. Frank Bibby gave the Indefatigable committee the money to buy the Phaeton and re-fit her as a training ship. The Phaeton was renamed the Indefatigable and moored off Rock Ferry on 15 January 1914, at which time the figurehead of William IV was transferred from the old Indefatigable to the new Indefatigable.[2]

35 boys were admitted in the first year(1865). By 1868 148 boys were on board.

World War II

The Indefatigable remained on the Mersey until 1941, when it was decided that the intense German bombing of Liverpool during World War II made it too dangerous to remain anchored on the river Mersey. HMS Conway was towed to Anglesey. However, the decision was made to make the TS Indefatigable a land-based school in the future and the old TS Indefatigable was sold for scrap. Later in 1941 the admiralty re-purchased Indefatigable/ex Phaeton, renamed it Carrick II, and used it as a store ship on the River Clyde throughout the rest of World War II. In 1947, after the war, the Indefatigable was finally broken up after 64 years of service.[2]

Anglesey

Temporary accommodation was initially found at a disused holiday camp at Clwydd Newydd, Ruthin, North Wales, before moving to Plas Llanfair in Llanfairpwllgwyngyll on the Menai straits between North Wales and Anglesey in 1944. Plas Llanfair was once home to Admiral Lord Clarence Paget (1811–1895), commander-in-chief of the Mediterranean fleet from 1866 to 1869. Paget was the fourth son of the 1st Marquess of Anglesey (1758–1854), whose column towers above the school. Admiral Paget also had the statue of Lord Nelson erected on the banks of the Menai Strait in 1877 as an aid to navigation.[4]

In 1945 the TS Indefatigable merged with the Lancashire National Sea Training Home for boys and renamed The Indefatigable and National Sea Training School for boys. Although this was the official name the school was always known as the Indefatigable. Boys entered at aged fourteen, graduating at age sixteen to either the Merchant or Royal Navy. The Indefatigable was divided into four divisions; Drake, Raleigh, Rodney and Hood, with approximately thirty boys to each division. The school had three types of students, fee paying, orphans, and council subsidized boys. Up until the mid-1960s, positions were readily available in the British Merchant fleet and Royal Navy for graduating students. However, as the British Merchant Navy declined from a high of 3,112 British registered ships in 1957, to a low of 368 registered ships in 2001,[5] positions at sea for the boys became difficult to find, and the school had to change from a sea-training school to a regular academic public school in an effort to attract more students.

The End

In 1989 new classrooms and sports facilities were built and the age of entry was lowered to the age of 11. However, the numbers continued to fall to around 120 in 1994/5 with an estimated 100 for 1996. The school could not carry on with these numbers, and at the end of term in 1995 the school was closed.[2]

The school was purchased by the Ministry of Defence in 1996 and renamed The Joint Service Mountain Training Centre Indefatigable. A £4 million refurbishment began in July 1998 and the first students arrived in April 1999. The Nuffield Trust partly funded the cost of the refurbishment.[4]

In 1983, the Indefatigable Old Boys Association was created and an annual reunion is held at the school each year where the Ministry of Defence gives ex-students access to the old school.[6]

There is a reference in the AGM minutes of 1934 regarding the newly formed Old Boys Association. Mr.A.W. Bibby, Patron, and Mr. Harold Bibby, President.[7]

Indefatigable Captains

References

  1. 1 2 Kennerley, Alston (2002). "Writing the history of merchant seafarer education, training and welfare: retrospect and prospect" (PDF). The Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord. XII (2): 1–21.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Evans, Bob (2005). The Indefatigable. Birkenhead: Countyvise Limited. ISBN 9781901231533.
  3. ↑ "The Indefatigable National Sea Training School for Boys", http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=138-387i Archived 14 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  4. 1 2 "A short history of Plas Llanfair and of the training centre Indefatigable". Nuffield Centre History.
  5. ↑ Friel, Ian (2003). Maritime History of Britain and Ireland. London: British Museum Press. ISBN 9780714127187.
  6. ↑ 5. Indefatigable Old Boys Association http://ts-indefatigable-oba.org/?page_id=3
  7. ↑ National Museums Lverpool
  8. ↑ Indefatigable Old Boys Association http://ts-indefatigable-oba.org/?page_id=3
  9. ↑ National Museums Liverpool. Indefatigable and National Sea Training School for Boys
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