Thameslink

Thameslink
A Class 700 Thameslink train at London Blackfriars
Overview
Type	Commuter rail, Suburban rail
System	National Rail
Status	Operational
Locale	East of England Greater London South East England
Termini	Bedford/Luton/St Albans Brighton/Sutton/Sevenoaks
Stations	68 (additional stations at peaks)
Services	5
Operation
Opened	1988
Owner	Network Rail
Operator(s)	Thameslink
Depot(s)	Bedford Cricklewood Three Bridges
Rolling stock	Class 319 Class 377 Electrostar Class 387 Electrostar Class 700 Desiro City
Technical
Number of tracks	2-4
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification	25 kV 50hz AC 750 V DC third rail
Operating speed	100 mph (160 km/h) maximum

Thameslink is a 68-station main-line route in the British railway system running 225 km (140 mi) north to south through London from Bedford to Brighton, serving both London Gatwick Airport and London Luton Airport, with a suburban loop serving Sutton, Mitcham and Wimbledon and a suburban line via Catford and Bromley South to Sevenoaks. It opened as a through service in 1988 and by 1998 was severely overcrowded, carrying more than 28,000 passengers in the morning peak. Almost all the services are currently operated by Thameslink.

The Thameslink Programme is a major £5.5 billion scheme to extend the service to a further 100 stations and to greatly increase capacity on the central London section to accommodate more frequent and longer trains, scheduled for completion in 2018.

In January 2016 a proposal was put out for consultation that responsibility for some local London rail services might be transferred from the Department for Transport to Transport for London, to create a London Suburban Metro.^[1][2]

Route

Much of the route is over the Brighton Main Line (London Bridge branch) and the southern part of the Midland Main Line. There is also a suburban loop through Sutton and Wimbledon and a branch over the Catford Loop Line to Sevenoaks.

The route through central London is via St Pancras International for connections to Eurostar and the East Midlands; Farringdon, for London Underground Circle, Metropolitan and Hammersmith & City lines, and Crossrail from 2018; City Thameslink, which replaced the demolished Holborn Viaduct station and has a southern entrance serving Ludgate Circus; Blackfriars, for main-line rail services and the Underground District and Circle lines; and London Bridge for main-line links into Kent and Sussex and the Underground Northern and Jubilee lines. King's Cross Thameslink on Pentonville Road closed on 8 December 2007.

Trains operating the "main line" service (Bedford to Brighton) include first-class accommodation; those operating from Luton and St Albans to Sutton and Wimbledon are usually standard class only.^[3] When Govia operated the original Thameslink franchise these services were designated "Thameslink CityFlier" and "Thameslink CityMetro" respectively, but First Capital Connect dropped this branding. Govia Thameslink Railway now refers to these services as Route TL1 (formerly Route 6) and Route TL2/TL3 (formerly Route 7/8) respectively.

Services

Thameslink services
Current and future
Legend
East Coast Main Line to Edinburgh and Leeds Birmingham to Peterborough Line Peterborough Fen Line to King's Lynn Cambridge Ely to Peterborough Line West Anglia Main Line to London Liverpool Street Nene Valley Heritage Railway M11 motorway Huntingdon A10 Trunk Road St. Neots Royston Sandy Baldock Biggleswade A1(M) motorway Arlesey & Shefford Road Letchworth Garden City   Services to Peterborough and Cambridge begin operating from 2018 Hitchin Stevenage Midland Main Line to Sheffield Hertford Loop Line Bedford Knebworth Welwyn North Tunnel Marston Vale Line to Bletchley Welwyn South Tunnel Wixams Welwyn North Ampthill Tunnel 715 yd (654 m) Welwyn Garden City Flitwick Hatfield Harlington Welham Green Leagrave Brookmans Park Luton Potters Bar Luton Airport Parkway Potters Bar Tunnel under M25 motorway Harpenden Hadley Wood North Tunnel St Albans City Hadley Wood M25 motorway Hadley Wood South Tunnel Radlett New Barnet Elstree & Borehamwood Oakleigh Park Elstree Tunnel 1,072 yd (980 m) Barnet Tunnel M1 motorway New Southgate Mill Hill Broadway Wood Green Tunnel Hendon Hertford Loop Line Dudding Hill Freight Line Alexandra Palace Cricklewood Hornsey West Hampstead Harringay Belsize Tunnel 1,771 yd (1,619 m) Gospel Oak to Barking Line Lismore Circus Tunnel 88 yd (80 m) to Gospel Oak to Barking Line Finsbury Park Kentish Town Northern City Line to Moorgate Camden Road Tunnel 308 yd (282 m) Copenhagen Tunnel North London Line North London Line High Speed 1 to Paris and Brussels Midland Main Line East Coast Main Line Regent's Canal Gasworks Tunnel Kings Cross Tunnel 1,704 yd (1,558 m) Canal Tunnels bored but unconnected London St. Pancras London King's Cross Kings Cross Thameslink   Clerkenwell Tunnels Nos 1, 2 & 3   Farringdon Link lifted Snow Hill Tunnel 770 yd (700 m) Smithfield Tunnel 292 yd (267 m) City Thameslink Barbican Barbican Tunnel 690 yd (630 m) Holborn Viaduct Moorgate London Blackfriars River Thames Blackfriars Railway Bridge Elephant & Castle London Bridge Loughborough Junction Denmark Hill Herne Hill Peckham Rye Tulse Hill Nunhead Crofton Park Crystal Palace Line limited service Catford Leigham Tunnel 302 yd (276 m) Bellingham Streatham Tunnel 220 yd (200 m) Beckenham Hill Streatham Ravensbourne limited service Shortlands Tooting Mitcham Eastfields Haydons Road Mitcham Junction Wimbledon Hackbridge Wimbledon Chase Carshalton South Merton Sutton Morden South West Sutton St Helier Sutton Common East Croydon Merstham tunnel 1,830 yd (1,670 m) & Quarry tunnel 2,113 yd (1,932 m) Bromley South Bickley M25 motorway St Mary Cray Redhill Swanley Gatwick Airport Chatham Main Line to Rochester Three Bridges M25 motorway Balcombe tunnel 1,168 yd (1,068 m) Eynsford Tunnel 828 yd (757 m) Balcombe Eynsford Haywards Heath Shoreham Haywards Heath Tunnel 249 yd (228 m) Otford Wivelsfield Maidstone Line to Ashford International Burgess Hill Bat & Ball Hassocks Sevenoaks Clayton Tunnel 2,259 yd (2,066 m) South Eastern Main Line to Dover Patcham Tunnel 488 yd (446 m) Preston Park Brighton

The majority of fast trains run between Brighton and Bedford via London Bridge. Suburban Loop trains start at either Wimbledon or Sutton and call at all stations to Luton. Suburban trains from Sevenoaks call at all stations via Swanley and Bromley South, Catford and Peckham Rye, terminating at West Hampstead on weekdays, Blackfriars at weekends. Additional services to/from Bedford or Luton or St Albans start or terminate at St Pancras. There are also peak-only jointly operated Thameslink/Southeastern services between Rochester, Ashford International or Bearsted and Bedford. A 24/6 (there is no service overnight between Sunday and Monday) service operates between Bedford and Three Bridges serving Luton Airport Parkway and Gatwick Airport.^[4]

In trains per hour:

• Bedford-Brighton - 4, all stations to St Albans, then West Hampstead Thameslink (2tph), St Pancras International, Farringdon, City Thameslink, London Blackfriars, London Bridge, East Croydon, Gatwick Airport, Three Bridges, Balcombe (1), Haywards Heath, Wivlesfield (2), Burgess Hill, Hassocks (3), Preston Park (2).
• St Albans-Sutton via Mitcham - 2, all stations clockwise round loop, then via Wimbledon to Luton
• Luton-Sutton via Wimbledon - 2, all stations anti-clockwise round loop, then via Mitcham Junction to St Albans
• West Hampstead Thameslink-Sevenoaks - 2, all stations via Catford and Bromley South, weekdays only

Peak services:

• Bedford-Orpington/Beckenham Jnc via Penge East and Herne Hill (semi-fast), all stations then St Pancras International, West Hampstead Thameslink, St Albans, then all stations to Bedford
• Bedford-Rochester (fast)
• Bedford-Ashford International (semi-fast)

00:01-04:00:

• Bedford-Three Bridges - 1, all stations then St Pancras International, London Blackfriars, East Croydon and Gatwick Airport

History

Passenger services operated across London through the Snow Hill Tunnel from mid-Victorian times until World War I, when services terminated at Moorgate from the Midland line to the north, and at Holborn Viaduct from the south, at a time when most inner cross-London traffic had been lost to buses and trams. There were low-level platforms under the main part of Holborn Viaduct station known as the Snow Hill platforms: these can still be seen when leaving City Thameslink station travelling northwards.

On 14 June 1941 railwayman George Dow proposed in an article in the London evening newspaper The Star that new routes, in tunnel, be built from Marylebone south to Victoria, and from King's Cross south to Charing Cross. Both were to connect with a Paddington-Liverpool Street tunnel that he proposed, anticipating Crossrail by 40 years. He also proposed a north-east/south- west route from Liverpool Street to Charing Cross, all designed to give London a comprehensive main-line network of connections.^[5]

The Snow Hill Tunnel route remained open for cross-London freight trains until 1970, when the short section between Farringdon and Holborn Viaduct was closed.

Overhead electrification, completed in 1982, allowed the northern section to run as the Midland City Line from Bedford via the Midland Main Line to St Pancras, and via the City Widened Lines to Moorgate.^[6]

The Snow Hill tunnel was re-opened by British Rail to passenger trains after 72 years, with Thameslink beginning in May 1988.^[7] On 29 January 1990 the section between Blackfriars and Farringdon was temporarily closed to permit the construction of a new alignment. The route through the site of the long-closed Ludgate Hill station, over Ludgate Hill to Holborn Viaduct was abandoned and demolished. The replacement route under Ludgate Hill was opened on 29 May 1990 by the Network SouthEast (sector of British Rail) concurrently with City Thameslink station, which was initially called St Paul's Thameslink but was renamed in 1991 to avoid confusion with St. Paul's station on the Underground (Central line), about 500 m (550 yd) away.

King's Cross Thameslink on Pentonville Road closed on 8 December 2007 when the Thameslink platforms at nearby St Pancras opened.

In the south the services divide: main-line trains run through London Bridge to East Croydon and Brighton, but the other route has a more convoluted history. In 1988–91 trains went via Bromley to Orpington and Sevenoaks, and via Herne Hill and East Croydon to Purley (off peak only). Later, non-Brighton trains ran via Elephant & Castle and Streatham to West Croydon, Carshalton Beeches, Sutton, Epsom, Leatherhead and Effingham Junction, to Guildford.

On the privatisation of British Rail, Thameslink was franchised to Thameslink, a subsidiary of Govia.

Around 1994 the second branch was cut back to West Croydon as this route crossed the commuter networks of what were to become several different rail companies, and rail privatisation made the route increasingly difficult to maintain.

Around 1995 the route was changed completely, with a route to Sutton via Mitcham Junction continuing on a loop to Wimbledon rejoining itself south of Streatham replacing the West Croydon service.

By late 1998, more than 28,000 passengers were carried at morning peak times.^[8]

From 1 April 2006 the franchise was taken over by First Capital Connect along with some services previously operated by WAGN.^[9] The branding of most trains, stations, and signs was changed to match the name of the new company, but City Thameslink and West Hampstead Thameslink were not renamed as Thameslink referred to the route.^[10] After criticism of the loss of the apt name for this group of routes,^[11] First Capital Connect's publicity began calling this set of services its "Thameslink route" to distinguish it from the former WAGN services.

On 14 September 2014, Govia Thameslink Railway took over operations from First Capital Connect with routes now branded as Thameslink and Great Northern.^[12]

Thameslink Programme

Following the success of the original scheme, plans were drawn up to upgrade the network to cope with the increasing passenger numbers that have led to severe peak-time overcrowding.^[13] Network Rail obtained planning permission and legal powers in 2006,^[14] funding was secured in July 2007^[15] and construction began in October 2007.^[16] Plans included rebuilding the station buildings at Farringdon (in conjunction with the Crossrail project) and West Hampstead Thameslink, total rebuild of London Bridge and Blackfriars stations, two new underground platforms at St Pancras International, a new tunnel north of St Pancras International to the East Coast Main Line to allow through services to Peterborough and Cambridge in 2017, and platform lengthening, now being completed. A new 8 and 12 carriage fleet is planned for entering service in 2016.

The London and South East Route Utilisation Strategy published in July 2011 lays out a provisional 24tph timetable. South of London it would provide four trains to Brighton (one semi-fast, one stopping) and two each to Three Bridges, Horsham, East Grinstead, Caterham, Tattenham Corner, Tunbridge Wells, Ashford International, Maidstone East, Sevenoaks and Bellingham. North of London there would be eight semi-fast trains to Bedford, four stopping trains to St Albans, two stopping and two semi-fast trains to Luton, two semi-fast trains to Peterborough, two semi-fast trains to Cambridge and four stopping trains to Welwyn Garden City.^[17]

Below is a provisional timetable for Thameslink once the upgrade is complete.

Mainline
No.	North of London		South of London		Length	Times
1	Bedford	semi-fast	Brighton	fast	12-car	All day
2
3	Bedford	semi-fast	Gatwick Airport	semi-fast via Redhill	12-car	All day
4
5	Peterborough	semi-fast	Horsham	semi-fast via Redhill	12-car	All day
6
7	Cambridge North	semi-fast	Brighton	fast	12-car	All day[lower-alpha 1]
8
9	Cambridge	stopping	Maidstone East[lower-alpha 2]	semi-fast	Unknown	All day[lower-alpha 3]
10
11	Bedford	fast	East Grinstead	stopping	12-car	Peak only
12
13	Bedford	fast	Littlehampton (via Hove)	fast	12-car	Peak only
14
Metro
No.	North of London		South of London		Length	Times
15	Luton	all stations[lower-alpha 4]	Rainham (via Greenwich)	all stations[lower-alpha 5]	12-car	All day
16
17	St Albans City	all stations	Sutton (via Hackbridge)	all stations	8-car	All day
18
19	St Albans City	all stations	Sutton (via Wimbledon)	all stations	8-car	All day
20
21	Luton (peak only) Kentish Town (off-peak)	all stations	Orpington (via Catford)	all stations	8-car	All day[lower-alpha 3]
22
23	Welwyn Garden City	all stations	Sevenoaks (via Catford and Otford)	all stations	8-car	Peak only[lower-alpha 6]
24

Rolling stock

Thameslink rolling stock is mainly the 86 Class 319 trains built by BREL between 1987-1988 and 1990. These are electrically powered dual-voltage four-car units rated to carry 289, 308 or 319 passengers. They use 25 kV AC overhead power north of Farringdon and 750 V DC third rail to the south. Four Class 319 trains had been transferred from Southern in December 2008 and the last four followed in March 2009, from which point they were all on Thameslink.

First Capital Connect acquired 23 four-coach Class 377 sets during 2009 on sublease from Southern, for the Thameslink route for additional capacity and to allow some of the Class 319 trains to be released for the Catford Loop service to Sevenoaks, now jointly operated with Southeastern under Key Output 0 of the Thameslink Programme.^[18]

Class 317 units built in the early 1980s were still in use when services into Moorgate ceased in March 2009: the last timetabled service ran from Farringdon to Bedford on 9 October 2009.

New energy-efficient Class 700 trains will provide an additional 14,500 seats and will be delivered from 2015 to 2018.^[19] Siemens Mobility was named preferred bidder on 16 June 2011, with the Desiro City train family.^[20] The contract was signed in June 2013.^[21] The depots will be at Hornsey and Three Bridges.^[20] The Three Bridges depot opened in October 2015 and the first trains will be in service from spring 2016.

Due to delays in the new Class 700 fleet, the DfT^[22] and Southern^[23] announced that proposals for 116 electric dual-voltage 110-mile-per-hour (180 km/h) carriages (29 trains) with another 140 carriages (35 trains) were being developed to "accelerate their procurement process for up to 256 carriages because our ambitious electrification plans require additional rolling stock on the network" (Transport Secretary Patrick McLoughlin). The tender for the new trains, known as Class 387, was won by Bombardier and the first set entered service in December 2014, with all in service by May 2015. These trains will move to the Great Western Railway franchise once the Class 700 is delivered.^[24]

Current fleet

All Thameslink rolling stock is electrically powered dual-voltage units using 25 kV AC overhead power north of Farringdon and 750 V DC third rail to the south.

Thameslink

Class	Image	Type	Top speed		Number	Routes operated	Built
			mph	km/h
Class 319		EMU	100	160	59	Thameslink Three Bridges ↔ Bedford, Sutton ↔ Luton and Sevenoaks ↔ West Hampstead Thameslink (occasionally Brighton ↔ Bedford and Brighton ↔ London Bridge)	1987–88 and 1990
Class 377/2 Electrostar		EMU	100	160	9	Thameslink Brighton / Three Bridges ↔ Bedford Brighton ↔ London Bridge; (also during peak hours: Bedford ↔ Ashford International / Rochester services)	2002-2003
Class 377/5 Electrostar		EMU	100	160	23		2008–09
Class 387/1		EMU	110	177	29	Thameslink Brighton / Three Bridges ↔ Bedford Brighton ↔ London Bridge	2014-15
Class 700		EMU	100	160	5	Thameslink Brighton / Three Bridges ↔ Bedford Brighton ↔ London Bridge	2015–19

Southern class 377's are used on London Bridge to Brighton Services.

In addition some brand new Gatwick Express class 387's are on loan to Thameslink.

Future rolling stock

Class	Image	Type	Top speed		Cars per set	Number	Seat layout	Routes operated	Built	Years operated
			mph	km/h
Class 700		EMU	100	160	8	60	n/a	Thameslink route Great Northern route	2015–present	From June 2016
					12	55

2014 franchise

The invitation to tender for the Thameslink Southern & Great Northern franchise was expected to be issued in October 2012, with the contract commencing in September 2013. On 29 March 2012, the Department for Transport announced Abellio, FirstGroup, Govia, MTR Corporation and Stagecoach Group had pre-qualified to bid for the franchise.^[25]

Due to problems with the InterCity West Coast tendering process, the process was delayed, with the new franchise delayed until September 2014. The new franchise includes the South Central franchise currently operated by Southern and certain routes from the Integrated Kent Franchise currently operated by Southeastern.^[26]

On 23 May 2014, it was announced that the franchise has been awarded to Govia Thameslink Railway.^[27] The new Thameslink Southern & Great Northern franchise^[12] will include both the Thameslink Great Northern and South Central franchises.

Govia Thameslink Railway began operations on 14 September 2014, with the former First Capital Connect routes branded as Thameslink and Great Northern.

Thameslink 2

‘Railfuture’, an organisation campaigning for better rail services for passengers and freight, has proposed an additional north-south route, connecting the Brighton Main Line to routes north of London, via East Croydon, Lewisham, Canary Wharf, and Stratford.^[28]

See also

• Crossrail - an East-West route though London under construction
• Réseau Express Régional - the similar cross city rail network in Paris
• Trans-Dublin - a similar North-South route through Central Dublin
• Cross-City Line - a similar North-South route across Birmingham
• Rail transport in Great Britain

Notes

References

Further reading

• Freitag, Leslie (August 1988). "Thameslink underway". RAIL. No. 83. EMAP National Publications. p. 11. ISSN 0953-4563. OCLC 49953699. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thameslink.

• Official Thameslink Programme website
• Thameslink Programme - Network Rail
• Thameslink 2000 Public Inquiry 2005 - official website for the second public inquiry
• Strategic Rail Authority Strategic Plan, 30 January 2003, page 101 and route descriptions page 27.
• alwaystouchout.com - information and news on the Thameslink Programme
• Brent Cross Thameslink station - Planning application for new Thameslink station at Brent Cross.
• - Plan to cut Thameslink from Sutton/Carshalton