Timeline of Groningen
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Groningen, Netherlands.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Prior to 19th century
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- 48 CE - Roman camp established.[1]
- 800 - Martin's Church built (approximate date).[2]
- 1040 - "Villa Cruoninga" ("Groningen") mentioned.[3]
- 13th century - Reitdiep canal dug.
- 1220 - Martin's Church rebuilt in brick (approximate date).[2]
- 1255 - City wall built.[4]
- 1284 - Groningen joins the Hanseatic League.[1]
- 1300 - Town Hall built (approximate date).[2]
- 1308 - Jacobijnerklooster (Groningen) (monastery) established.[5]
- 1482 - Martin's Church tower built.[4]
- 1493 - Der Aa-kerk (church) built.[6]
- 1506 - Edzard I, Count of East Frisia in power.[2]
- 1509 - Ommelanderhuis[4] and Rechthuis[2] built.
- 1526 - Guild unrest.[7]
- 1575 - Ommelanden secedes from city.[3]
- 1579 - City signs "Union of Utrecht" regional treaty.[1]
- 1580 - Siege of Groningen (1580); Spaniards in power.[1]
- 1594
- May–July: Siege of Groningen (1594); Maurice, Prince of Orange and William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg in power.[8]
- Groningen Treaty of Reduction unites city and Ommelanden.[3][9]
- 1595 - 17 February: "City of Groningen and the Ommelanden were admitted to the Republic of the United Netherlands."[3]
- 1599 - Orphanage founded.[10]
- 1609 - Workhouse established (approximate date).[10]
- 1614 - University of Groningen founded.[8]
- 1615 - Universiteitsbibliotheek Groningen (library) established.
- 1635 - Gold Office built on the Grote Markt (Groningen).[2]
- 1650 - William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz becomes stadtholder of Groningen.[8]
- 1659 - Gerhard ten Berge becomes mayor.
- 1662 - City Weigh House built.[11]
- 1672 - July–August: Siege of Groningen "by Bishop von Galen of Münster on behalf of Louis XIV of France."[1]
- 1705 - Allert Meijer becomes city architect.[11]
- 1728 - Collegium Medicum founded.[10][12]
- 1747 - Jodenkamp cemetery established.[13]
- 1756 - Volteringstraat synagogue built.[13]
- 1790 - Henri Daniel Guyot Instituut (school for the deaf) established.[4]
- 1798 - Hotel De Doelen in business.
19th century
- 1801 - Natuurkundig Genootschap te Groningen (scientific society) formed.[14]
- 1810 - City Hall rebuilt.[2]
- 1811 - Groningen becomes part of the Ems-Occidental department of the French Empire.[15]
- 1813 - French military ousted.[15]
- 1815 - Groninger Studentencorps Vindicat atque Polit founded.
- 1819 - Design of Coat of arms of Groningen (city) adopted.
- 1824 - Jean François van Iddekinge becomes mayor.
- 1830 - Academy of fine arts established.[4]
- 1837 - Annual Groningsche Volksalmanak begins publication.
- 1841 - Hoofdwacht (Groningen) on the Grote Markt in use.
- 1847 - Stedelijk Gymnasium (school) active.
- 1865
- Noord-Willemskanaal (canal) dug.[2]
- Korenbeurs (grain exchange) rebuilt.[2]
- 1866 - Population: 36,852.[16]
- 1868 - Nieuwe Groninger Nieuwsblad (newspaper) begins publication.[17][18]
- 1870 - Meppel–Groningen railway begins operating.[2]
- 1874
- Groninger Museum established.
- Fortress demolished.[2]
- 1876 - Eemskanaal (canal) dug.[2]
- 1879
- Verbindingskanaal (canal) dug.
- Design of Flag of Groningen (city) adopted.
- 1880 - Horse-drawn tram begins operating.[2]
- 1881 - Scholtenhuis built.
- 1882 - Groningen State Archives established.[19]
- 1883 - Groningen City Theatre built.
- 1884 - Groningen–Delfzijl railway begins operating; Groningen Noord railway station opens.
- 1887 - Groningen Local Railway Company established.[20]
- 1888
- Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (newspaper) begins publication.[21]
- Hooghoudt distillery established.
- 1894 - Peace society formed.[22]
- 1895 - Broerkerk (church) demolished on Broerstraat; Catholic St. Martinuskerk built.
- 1896 - Groningen railway station built.
20th century
- 1903 - Wereldtentoonstelling exhibit held.[15][23]
- 1904 - Huis de Beurs café built.
- 1906
- 1909 - University's Academiegebouw (Groningen) built.
- 1910 - Electric tram begins operating.[2]
- 1918 - De Ploeg art group formed.[24]
- 1919
- Gorechtkanaal (canal) dug.
- Population: 89,030.[25]
- 1929 - Grand Theatre (Groningen) built.
- 1931 - Hakenkampsveld airport opens near city.
- 1933 - Oosterpark Stadion (stadium) opens.
- 1940 - 26 July: City "bombed by mistake" by Allied forces.[26]
- 1941 - 26–27 September: City "bombed again in error" by Allied forces.[26]
- 1945 - April: Battle of Groningen.[2]
- 1946 - Groningen 1946 chess tournament held.
- 1950 - Design of Flag of Groningen (province) adopted.
- 1951 - Jan Tuin becomes mayor.
- 1955 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Groningen established.[27]
- 1959 - Groningen gas field discovered in region.[28]
- 1960 - Camera Bioscoop (cinema) opens.[29]
- 1962 - New City Hall, Groningen built.[24]
- 1969
- Area of Groningen (gemeente) (municipality) expanded.
- Lauwers Lake created near city.[8]
- 1970 - University's Zernikecomplex development begins.
- 1971
- Football Club Groningen formed.
- Harm Buiter becomes mayor.
- 1973 - Eemshaven seaport opens in region.[15]
- 1974 - Groningen Noord railway station rebuilt.
- 1977 - Groningen traffic circulation plan implemented.[30]
- 1979 - RKZ Bios cinema opens.[29]
- 1986 - Hanze University of Applied Sciences established.
- 1991
- Muller (restaurant) in business.
- Hans Ouwerkerk becomes mayor.
- 1992
- Groninger Dagblad (newspaper) begins publication.
- Groninger Kredietbank scandal occurs (approximate date).[24]
- Groningen Audio Visual Archive established.[31]
- 1993 - European Association for Sport Management headquartered in Groningen.
- 1996
- New City Hall, Groningen building demolished.
- Eurosonic Festival begins.
- 1998
- Jacques Wallage becomes mayor.
- "Urban renewal" effort active.[32]
21st century
- 2002
- Dagblad van het Noorden (newspaper) in publication.
- Groninger Archieven (archives) established.[33]
- 2004 - Nederlands Stripmuseum opens.
- 2005
- 29 June: Referendum held about renovation of the Grote Markt.
- University Medical Center Groningen opens.
- 2006
- 2007 - Groningen Europapark railway station begins operating.
- 2011 - Groninger Forum construction begins.
- 2012 - RegioTram Groningen transit project cancelled.
- 2014
- Infoversum cinema built.
- Population: 197,823 city; 582,640 province.
- 2015 - Peter den Oudsten becomes mayor.
See also
- Groningen history
- History of Groningen (city and province)
- List of mayors of Groningen
- List of heritage sites in Groningen
- List of rijksmonuments in Groningen
- List of stadtholders of Groningen province
- Other cities in the Netherlands
- Timeline of Amsterdam
- Timeline of Breda
- Timeline of Delft
- Timeline of Eindhoven
- Timeline of Haarlem
- Timeline of The Hague
- Timeline of Leiden
- Timeline of Nijmegen
- Timeline of Rotterdam
- Timeline of Utrecht
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 723, OL 6112221M
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Stadsgeschiedenis Groningen" [Groningen City History]. Gemeente Groningen (in Dutch). Gemeente Groningen. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 "History". Provincie Groningen. Provincie Groningen. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Groningen", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
- ↑ Groningsche Volksalmanak voor 1890 (in Dutch), Groningen: Erven B. Van der Kamp, 1889 – via Google Books
- ↑ Justin Kroesen; Regnerus Steensma, eds. (2008). De Groninger cultuurschat: kerken van 1000 tot 1800 (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4482-0.
- ↑ Maarten Prak; et al., eds. (2006). Craft Guilds in the Early Modern Low Countries: Work, Power and Representation. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-5339-4.
- 1 2 3 4 Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.
- ↑ John Lothrop Motley (1904). History of the United Netherlands. London: J. Murray. (1860s)
- 1 2 3 Ole Peter Grell; Andrew Cunningham, eds. (1997). Health Care and Poor Relief in Protestant Europe 1500-1700. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-80860-1.
- 1 2 Gea van Essen (2010). Bouwheer en bouwmeester: bouwkunst in Groningen, Stad en Lande (1594-1795) (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4672-5.
- ↑ Frank Huisman (1992). Stadsbelang en standsbesef: gezondheidszorg en medisch beroep in Groningen 1500-1730 (in Dutch). Erasmus Publishing. ISBN 978-90-5235-037-0.
- 1 2 3 "Groningen". Four Hundred Years of Dutch Jewry. Amsterdam: Joods Historisch Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ↑ Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 "Historie: 1000 jaar Groningen". Groninger Archieven: Regionaal Historisch Centrum (in Dutch). Groninger Archieven. Retrieved 30 October 2015. (chronological history)
- ↑ "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869.
- ↑ Jan van de Plasse (2005). Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers (in Dutch). Otto Cramwinckel. ISBN 978-90-75727-77-7. (timeline)
- ↑ Harry van der Laan (2005). Het Groninger boekbedrijf: drukkers, uitgevers en boekhandelaren in Groningen tot het eind van de negentiende eeuw [The Groninger book business: printers, publishers and booksellers in Groningen until the end of the 19th c.] (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4094-5.
- ↑ "Rijksarchivaris in de provincie Groningen, 1824 - 1989", Archieven.nl (in Dutch), retrieved 30 October 2015
- 1 2 J.W. Sluiter (1967). Beknopt overzicht van de nederlandse sppor en tramwegbedrijven [Brief overview of Dutch railway and tramway companies] (in Dutch). Brill.
- ↑ "Netherlands". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ↑ Sandi E. Cooper (1991). "Peace Societies". Patriotic Pacifism: Waging War on War in Europe, 1815–1914. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536343-2.
- ↑ Daniël Broersma (2005). Het wonderland achter de horizon: Groninger regionaal besef in nationaal verband 1903-1963 (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4187-4.
- 1 2 3 Maarten Duijvendak; Bart de Vries, eds. (2003). Stad van het Noorden: Groningen in de twintigste eeuw [City of the North: Groningen in the Twentieth Century] (in Dutch). Assen: Koninklijke Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-3984-0.
- ↑ "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via HathiTrust.
- 1 2 Richard Overy (2013). The Bombers and the Bombed: Allied Air War Over Europe 1940-1945. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-698-15138-3.
- ↑ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Netherlands". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ↑ M. S. Vassiliou (2009). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6288-3.
- 1 2 3 "Movie Theaters in Groningen, Netherlands". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ↑ "How Groningen invented a cycling template for cities all over the world", The Guardian, Cities, 29 July 2015
- ↑ Film and Television Collections in Europe: the MAP-TV Guide. Routledge. 1995. ISBN 978-1-135-37262-0.
- ↑ Gerard van Bortel (2009). "Network governance in action: the case of Groningen". Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. 24. JSTOR 41107459.
- ↑ "Over ons". Groninger Archieven: Regionaal Historisch Centrum (in Dutch). Groninger Archieven. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ↑ "Historie: Stadsverhalen". Groninger Archieven: Regionaal Historisch Centrum (in Dutch). Groninger Archieven. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
This article incorporates information from the Dutch Wikipedia.
Bibliography
- in English
- Thomas Nugent (1749), "Groningen", The Grand Tour, 1: Netherlands, London: S. Birt
- "Groningen". Gazetteer of the Netherlands. Attributed to Clement Cruttwell. London: G.G.J. and J. Robinson. 1794.
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Groningen". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg.
- George Henry Townsend (1877), "Groningen", A Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
- "Groningen (city)". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
- "Groningen", Belgium and Holland (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910
- in Dutch
- Evert Jan Diest Lorgion. Geschiedkundige beschrijving der stad Groningen [Historical description of the city of Groningen] (in Dutch). Groningen: Roelfsema. 1852-1857
- Henri Zondervan, eds. (1917), "Groningen", Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie (in Dutch), 8 (4th ed.), Amsterdam: Uitgevers-Maatschappy „Elsevier“ (province and city)
- G. van Herwijnen, ed. (1978). "Groningen". Bibliografie van de stedengeschiedenis van Nederland [Bibliography of Urban History in the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Brill. pp. 26+. ISBN 90-04-05700-5.
- Jan Van den Broek (2007). Groningen, een stad apart: over het verleden van een eigenzinnige stad (1000-1600) (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4323-6.
External links
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- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Groningen, various dates
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