Timeline of Riga

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Riga, Latvia.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

12th–14th centuries

Part of a series on the
History of Latvia

Ancient Latvia Kunda culture Narva culture Corded Ware culture Amber Road / Aesti Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians
Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian Crusade Livonian Brothers of the Sword Livonian Order Archbishopric of Riga Bishopric of Courland Terra Mariana Baltic Germans
Early modern period Livonian War Kingdom of Livonia Duchy of Livonia Inflanty Voivodeship Swedish Livonia Polish–Swedish Wars (1600–1629) Second Northern War Great Northern War Duchy of Courland and Semigallia Couronian colonization
National Awakening Governorate of Livonia Courland Governorate Vitebsk Governorate The First Latvian National Awakening New Current
Modern Latvia Latvian Riflemen German occupation United Baltic Duchy Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic War of Independence 1934 Latvian coup d'état 1940 Soviet occupation Nazi occupation The Holocaust in Latvia 1944 Soviet re-occupation Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic Popular Front of Latvia Singing Revolution Restoration of Independence 2008 Latvian financial crisis
Chronology
Latvia portal

1158 CE – Area settled by Bremen merchants.^[1]
1190 – Augustinian monastery established.^[1]
1201 – Town built by Catholic bishop Albert.^[2]
1202
- Bishopric of Livonia relocates to Riga from Üxküll.^[3]
- Order of the Brethren of the Sword founded.^[4]
1209 – St. Peter's Church active.
1211 – Church of the Virgin construction begins.^[4]
1225
- Riga Town Council active (approximate date).^[5]
- St. James's Church dedicated.
1234 – St. John's Chapel built (approximate date).
1255 – Archbishopric of Riga established.
1260 – St. Mary Magdalene's Church built.
1282 – Riga joins Hanseatic League.^[6]
1330 – Brotherhood of Blackheads organized.^[1]

16th century

1510 - December: Christmas tree displayed in marketplace.^[7]
1515 – Riga Castle rebuilt.
1524 - Library established.^[8]
1541 – Riga joins League of Schmalkalden.^[4]
1547 – Sigismund II of Poland in power.^[1]
1558 – Riga area besieged by Russians.^[1]
1561 – Territory converts to Lutheranism from Catholicism.
1581 – Riga is granted status of Imperial Free City.
1582 – Polish in power.^[4]
1584 – Calendar riots begin.^[5]^[9]
1588 – Nikolajs Mollīns sets up printing business.^[9]
1591 – St. Gertrude Church rebuilt.

17th century

1621 – Riga taken by forces of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.^[6]
1638 – Church of Jesus consecrated.
1650 – Powder Tower rebuilt.^[4]
1656 – Riga besieged by Russian forces of Alexis Mikhailovich.^[4]
1698 – Swedish Gate constructed.

18th century

1710 – Siege of Riga; Russians in power.^[1]
1721 – Riga becomes part of Russian empire.^[4]
1728 – St. Peter and St. Paul Church built (approximate date).
1765 – City Hall built.^[4]
1773
- Great Cemetery and Pokrov Cemetery established.
- Himsel Museum established.^[10]
1781 – City becomes capital of Riga viceroyalty.^[1]
1785 – Our Lady of Sorrows Church built.
1796 – City becomes capital of Livonia.^[1]
1798 – Grebenstchikov House of Prayer rebuilt.

19th century

1812
- Fire.^[11]
- Siege of Riga by French.
1817 – Wohrmann Park inaugurated.
1818 – Annunciation of Our Most Holy Lady Church built.
1825 – St. Alexander Nevsky Church built.
1833 – Homeopathic pharmacy opened by the Association of Chemists and Pharmaceutists.^[12]
1845 – Museum of Natural History founded.
1852 – St. Martin's Church built.
1854 – Riga blockaded by British.^[4]
1855 – Exchange built.^[4]
1857
- Large Guild built.
- Population: 70,463.^[13]
1858 – City fortifications dismantled.^[14]
1859 – English Church built.^[4]
1861 – Riga Central Station built; Riga – Daugavpils Railway begins operating.^[13]
1862 – Riga Polytechnical Institute founded.
1863 – Riga City Theatre built.^[4]
1866 – Small Guild built.
1867 – Population: 102,590.^[1]
1868
- Riga – Jelgava Railway begins operating.
- Riga Latvian Society founded.^[15]
1869
- Polytechnic built.^[4]
- Riga City Art Gallery opens.^[10]
- Latvian Museum of National History founded.
1870 – Kunstverein founded.^[10]
1873 - Latvian Song and Dance Festival begins.
1877 – Tornakalns – Tukums II Railway begins operating; Brasa Station opens.
1878 – Imperial city self-government statute in effect.^[13]
1881 - Population: 169,329.^[16]
1883
- Riga Russian Theatre established.
- Nativity Cathedral built.
1887 – St. Paul's Lutheran Church built.
1889 – Riga – Lugazi Railway begins operating.^[13]
1890 – Ludvigs Vilhelms Kerkoviuss becomes mayor.
1891
- Church of Luther consecrated.
- Russian language becomes official language of Baltic provinces.
1892
- Municipal "counter-reform" enacted by imperial government.^[13]
- St. Francis Church consecrated.
1895 – Holy Trinity Orthodox Church built; Holy Archangel Mikhail Church dedicated.
1897 – Population: 282,943.^[1]

20th century

1903 – Commercial school established.^[1]
1905
- 13 January: Demonstration suppressed by Russian army.
- Museum of Art built.^[1]
1906
- Rīgas Centrālā bibliotēka (library) opens.^[17]
- St. Gertrude New Church built.
- Apollo Theatre (Riga) established.
1907 – Holy Trinity Cathedral built.
1909 – Church of the Cross and Cat House built.
1912 – Riga Zoo opens.^[18]
1914
- Railway Bridge inaugurated.
- Population: 569,100.^[19]
1915
- Brothers' Cemetery established.
- Port closed.^[6]
1916 – Riflemen Museum founded.
1917 – 3 September: Germans in power.^[6]^[20]
1918 – 18 November: Riga becomes capital of independent Latvia.^[21]
1919
- 3 January: Soviets in power.^[2]
- May: Soviets ousted.^[2]
- National Library of Latvia, Latvia Higher School, Latvian Conservatory of Music, and Latvian National Theatre founded.
- Latvju Opera active.
1920
- Riga Artists Group formed.^[22]
- Latvian Museum of Foreign Art established.
- Dailes Theatre opens.
1921 – Art Academy established.
1922 - University of Latvia Botanic Garden created.^[23]
1927 – Mezaparks Lutheran Church active.
1928 – Spilve Airport in operation.
1930 – Riga Central Market built.
1932 – Latvian Ethnographic Open Air Museum opens.
1935 – Freedom Monument unveiled.
1937
- Mangali – Rujiena Railway begins operating.
- City hosts EuroBasket 1937.
1940 – Soviet occupation.
1941
- 13–14 June: Mass deportation.^[2]
- 1 July: German occupation begins.^[2]
- October: Jewish ghetto created.^[24]
- Proletariat, Kirov, and Moscow administrative districts established.
1944
- 13 October: Soviets in power again.^[2]^[6]
- Latvian State Puppet Theatre founded.
1946 – Dinamo Riga ice hockey team formed.
1950 – Riga Medical Institute established.
1954 - Latvijas Televīzija (television station) headquartered in city.^[25]
1956
- Academy of Sciences building constructed.
- Riga Aviation Museum established.
1957
- Rīgas Balss newspaper begins publication.^[25]
- Stone Bridge opens.
1958
- TTT Riga and BK VEF Rīga basketball clubs formed.
- Daugava Stadium opens.
1964 – Coach Terminal built.
1969 – October, Lenin, and Leningrad administrative districts established.
1972 – Andrejs Upits' Memorial Museum founded.
1973 – Riga International Airport built.
1977 – Island Bridge built.
1979 - Population: 840,000.^[26]
1981 – Gorky Bridge opens.
1984
- Alfreds Rubiks becomes mayor.
- Zolitūde construction begins.
1985
- Victory Memorial to Soviet Army erected.
- Krisjanis Barons Memorial Museum established.
1986 – Riga Radio and TV Tower built.
1987
- 14 June: Demonstrators commemorate 1941 deportations.
- Latvian Museum of Pharmacy founded.
1988 – Riga Film Museum established.
1989
- Arsenals – Fine Arts Museum active^[10]
- Latvian Museum of Decorative Arts and Design opens.^[10]
- Riga Motor Museum founded.
1990
- Diena newspaper begins publication.^[25]
- Latvian Academy of Culture established.^[27]
- Andris Teikmanis becomes mayor.
1991
- January: The Barricades.^[2]
- 21 August: Latvia declares independence.^[2]
- 6 September: USSR recognizes Latvian independence.^[2]
- St. Peter's Church rebuilt.
- Riga Marathon begins.
1992
- Banking College founded.
- New Riga Theatre opens.
- Latvian Institute of International Affairs headquartered in city.^[28]
1993
- Museum of the Occupation of Latvia and Latvian Museum of Photography inaugurated.
- School of Business Administration Turiba founded.
- Rīgas Laiks magazine and Vakara Ziņas newspaper begin publication.^[25]
1994
- Maris Purgailis becomes mayor.
- Latvian Museum of Architecture and Latvian Railway History Museum established.
- Stockholm School of Economics in Riga campus established.
1995 – Latvian National Opera house renovated.
1996 – Skonto Arena opens.
1997 – Andris Berzins becomes mayor.
1998 – Riga Graduate School of Law established.
1999
- Riga Aviation University founded.
- City hosts 1999 European Athletics Junior Championships.
- House of the Blackheads rebuilt.

21st century

2000
- Andris Argalis becomes mayor.
- BK Barons Kvartāls basketball club and Baltic Institute of Social Sciences^[28] established.
- Skonto Stadium opens.
- International Charter on Authenticity and Historical Reconstruction in Relationship to Cultural Heritage signed in Riga.
2001
- Gundars Bojars becomes mayor.
- 800th anniversary of founding of Riga.
- Riga Porcelain Museum and Kino Citadele open.^[29]
- Bikernieki Memorial unveiled.
2002 - Providus Centre for Public Policy established.^[28]
2003
- Rigas Satiksme founded.
- City hosts Eurovision Song Contest 2003.
- Population: 739,232.^[25]
2004
- 1 May: Latvia joins the European Union.
- Saules akmens (hi-rise) built.
2005
- 2 February: 2005 Riga railway accident.
- 12 March: Latvian local elections, 2005 held.
- Aivars Aksenoks becomes mayor.
- Latvian National Museum of Art^[10] and JFK Olimps football club established.
- Riga Salsa Festival begins.
2006
- Riga Planning Region and FK Jauniba Riga football club established.
- City hosts NATO Summit.
- Arena Riga opens.
- City hosts 2006 IIHF World Championship.
2007 – Janis Birks becomes mayor.
2008 – Southern Bridge opens.
2009
- 13 January: 2009 Riga riot.^[21]
- Nils Usakovs becomes mayor.
- Pushkin Statue erected.
2010
- Body of European Regulators of Electronic Communications headquartered in Riga.
- Population: 703,260.^[30]
2013
- 20 June: Riga Castle fire.
- 21 November: Supermarket roof collapse.^[21]
2014 - National Library of Latvia new building constructed.
2015 - Z-Towers built.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Riga". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). New York. 1910. OCLC 14782424.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Latvia". Political Chronology of Europe. Europa Publications. 2001. ISBN 978-1-85743-113-1.
↑ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Latvia". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Riga", Russia with Teheran, Port Arthur, and Peking, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1914, OCLC 1328163
1 2 "History of Riga: Riga Town Council", Municipal Portal of Riga, Riga Municipality, retrieved 30 September 2015
1 2 3 4 5 Webster's Geographical Dictionary, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OCLC 3832886
↑ Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
↑ Wayne A. Wiegand; Donald G. Davis, Jr., eds. (1994). "Former Soviet Republics: the Baltic Republics: Latvia". Encyclopedia of Library History.
1 2 Arthur Berthold (1935). "Niclas Mollyn, First Printer of Riga, 1588–1625". The Library Quarterly. 5. JSTOR 4302191.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Latvian National Museum of Art. "History". Retrieved 19 November 2012.
↑ George Henry Townsend (1877), "Riga (Town, Russia)", Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
↑ Janis Kirsis (1991). "The Homeopathic Drugstore of Riga". Pharmacy in History. American Institute of the History of Pharmacy. 33. JSTOR 41111378.
1 2 3 4 5 Michael F. Hamm (October 1980). "Riga's 1913 City Election: A Study in Baltic Urban Politics". Russian Review. 39. JSTOR 128811.
↑ "Riga", Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland (2nd ed.), London: John Murray, 1868
↑ "History of the Museum". National History Museum of Latvia. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
↑ "Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885.
↑ Rīgas Centrālās bibliotēkas vēsture (in Latvian), Rīgas Centrālā bibliotēka, retrieved 30 September 2015 (includes chronology)
↑ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Western Europe: Russia and former Soviet Union (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
↑ "Latvia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via HathiTrust.
↑ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
1 2 3 "Latvia Profile: Timeline", BBC News, retrieved 30 September 2015
↑ "In Riga, Creating an Identity Through the Arts". New York Times. 16 July 2007. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
↑ "Garden Search: Latvia". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
↑ "Riga". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
1 2 3 4 5 "Latvia". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
↑ Henry W. Morton; Robert C. Stuart, eds. (1984). The Contemporary Soviet City. New York: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-87332-248-5.
↑ Walter Rüegg, ed. (2011). "Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995". Universities Since 1945. History of the University in Europe. 4. Cambridge University Press. pp. 575–594. ISBN 978-1-139-49425-0.
1 2 3 "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
↑ "Movie Theaters in Riga, Latvia". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
↑ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2013.

This article incorporates information from the Latvian Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia, and Russian Wikipedia.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Riga.

"Riga History". In Your Pocket Ltd.
Map of Ryga region, ca.1700s
Europeana. Items related to Riga, various dates.

Coordinates: 56°56′56″N 24°06′23″E / 56.948889°N 24.106389°E / 56.948889; 24.106389

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