Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875)

For other uses, see Treaty of Saint Petersburg (disambiguation).

Japan-Russia Treaty ratification, 22 August 1875.

Border changes in the Kurils

The Treaty of Saint Petersburg (樺太・千島交換条約, Karafuto-Chishima Kōkan Jōyaku) (Russian:Петербургский договор) between the Empire of Japan and Empire of Russia was signed on 7 May 1875, and its ratifications exchanged at Tokyo on 22 August 1875.

Its terms stipulated that Japan cedes to Russia the part of Sakhalin island it then owned in exchange for the group of the Kuril Islands owned by Russia (between Iturup island and the Kamchatka Peninsula).^[1]^[2]^[3] Consequently, Sakhalin island as a whole became Russian territory, and the entire Kuril archipelago Japanese territory.

The authentic text of the Treaty is written in French. Differences with its Japanese translation contributed to the controversy on what constitutes the Kuril islands, to which Japan renounced in 1951 by the Treaty of San Francisco.

The Treaty of Shimoda of 1855 had defined the border between Japan and Russia to be the strait between Iturup (Etorofu) and Urup (Uruppu) islands in the Kurile chain, but had left the status of Sakhalin (Karafuto) open. Without well-defined borders, incidents between Russian and Japanese settlers began to occur. In order to remedy this situation the Japanese government sent an ambassador, Enomoto Takeaki, to Saint Petersburg to clearly define the border in this area. After a year of negotiations, Japan agreed to renounce its claims to Sakhalin, with compensation for Japanese residents, access by the fishing fleet to the Sea of Okhotsk, ten-years free use of Russian ports in the area and ownership of all of the Kuril Islands.

References

↑ G. Patrick March (1996). Eastern Destiny: Russia in Asia and the North Pacific. Praeger/Greenwood. ISBN 0-275-95566-4.
↑ Tim Chapman (2001). Imperial Russia, 1801-1905. Routledge (UK). ISBN 0-415-23109-4.
↑ Thierry Mormanne (1992). "Le problème des Kouriles: pour un retour à Saint-Pétersbourg", in: Cipango, N° 1, Paris, p.58-89. ISSN 1164-5857.

Treaties of Japan

Bakumatsu period (1854–68)	Japan-US Treaty of Peace and Amity (1854) Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty (1854) Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Japan and Russia (1855) Dutch-Japan Treaty of Peace and Amity (1856) Japan-US Additional Treaty (1857) Japan-Netherlands Additional Treaty (1857) Japan-Russia Additional Treaty (1857) Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States – Japan) (1858) Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the Netherlands and Japan (1858) Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Russia and Japan (1858) Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce (1858) Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan (1858) Agreement of Paris (1864)

Meiji period (1868–1912)	Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty (1871) Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Hawaii and Japan (1871) Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Peru and Japan (1873) Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875) Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 Japan–Korea Treaty of 1882 Japan-Hawaii Labor Immigration Treaty (1884) Japan–Korea Treaty of 1885 Convention of Tientsin Declaration of Amity and Commerce between Thailand and Japan (1887) Treaty of Friendship, Commerce between Mexico and Japan (1888) Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1894) Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Japan and the USA (1894) Japan-China Peace Treaty (1895) Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Brazil and Japan (1895) Treaty for returning Fengtian Peninsula (1895) Komura-Weber Memorandum (1896) Yamagata–Lobanov Agreement (1896) Japan-China Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896) Nishi–Rosen Agreement (1898) Japan-Thailand Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Treaty (1898) Boxer Protocol (1901) Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902) Japan-China Additional Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1903) Japan–Korea Treaty of 1904 Japan–Korea Agreement of August 1904 Japan-Russia Treaty of Peace (1905) Taft–Katsura agreement (1905) Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 Additional Agreement of the Japan-China Treaty relating to Manchuria (1905) Franco-Japanese Treaty of 1907 Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907 Russo-Japanese Agreement of 1907 Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 Root–Takahira Agreement (1908) Japan-China Agreement relating to Manchuria and Jiandao (1909) Russo-Japanese Agreement of 1910 Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910 North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 Russo-Japanese Agreement of 1912

From World War I to World War II (1912–45)	Japan-China Treaty of 1915 Russo-Japanese Agreement of 1916 Lansing–Ishii Agreement (1917) Japan-China Co-defense Military Pact (1918) Treaty of Versailles (1919) Gongota Agreement of 1920 Four-Power Treaty (1921) Nine-Power Treaty (1922) Treaty concerning solution of Shandong issues (1922) Washington Naval Treaty (1922) Soviet–Japanese Basic Convention (1925) Japan-China Customs Agreement (1930) Cease Fire Agreement in Shanghai (1932) Japan-Manchukuo Protocol (1932) Tanggu Truce (1933) India-Japan Agreement of 1934 Japan-Manchukuo-Soviet Protocol for Cession of North Manchuria Railway (1935) He–Umezu Agreement (1935) Chin–Doihara Agreement (1935) Canada-Japan New Trade Agreement (1935) Japan-Netherlands Shipping Agreement (1936) Anti-Comintern Pact (1936) Hart-Ishizawa Agreement (1937) India-Japan Agreement of 1937 Van Mook-Kotani Agreement (1938) Tripartite Pact (1940) Japan-China Basic Relations Treaty (1940) Japan-Manchukuo-China Joint Declaration (1940) Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact (1941) Japan-Thailand Attack/Defence Alliance Treaty (1941) Japanese Instrument of Surrender (1945)

During Cold War (1945–89)	Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan (1951) Treaty of San Francisco (1951) Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (1952) Japan–US Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security (1960) Japan–South Korea Treaty (1965) Sino–Japanese Peace and Friendship Treaty (1978)

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Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875)

See also

References