US Army tactical truck engines
In the late 1930s the US Army began setting requirements for custom built tactical trucks, winning designs would be built in quantity. As demand increased during WWII some standardized designs were built by other manufactures.[1]
Most trucks had gasoline (G) engines until the early 1960s, when multifuel (M) and diesel (D) engines were introduced. Since then diesel fuel has increasingly been used,[2] the last gasoline engine vehicles were built in 1985.
Most engines have been water-cooled with inline (I) cylinders, but V types (V) and opposed (O) engines have also been used. Three air-cooled engines were used in two very light trucks. Gasoline engines up to WWII were often valve in block design (L-head), during the war more overhead valve (ohv) engines were used, and after the war all new engines (except 1 F-head and 1 Overhead camshaft (ohc)) have been ohv.[3][4][5] All diesel engines have ohv, they can be naturally aspired, supercharged (SC), or turbocharged (TC).
The same engines have been used in different trucks, and larger trucks often have had different engines during their service life. Because of application and evolution, the same engine often has different power ratings. Ratings are in SAE gross horsepower.
The front of an engine is the fan end, the rear is the flywheel end, right and left are as viewed from the rear, regardless of how the engine is mounted in the vehicle. Engines in the tables are water-cooled and naturally aspirated unless noted.[6][7]
American Motors - Kaiser - Jeep – Willys
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AO-4-53 [8] [lower-alpha 1] | 16 hp (12 kW) @3200rpm | 30 lbf·ft (41 N·m) @2100rpm | 53 cu in (0.9 L) | gas | AC O4 | M274 |
| AV-108-4 [9] | 54 hp (40 kW) @3600rpm | 90 lbf·ft (122 N·m) @2500rpm | 108 cu in (1.8 L) | G | AC V4 | M422(G843) |
| MB [10][lower-alpha 2] | 54 hp (40 kW) @4000rpm | 105 lbf·ft (142 N·m) | 134 cu in (2.2 L) | G | L-head I4 | Willys MB(G503) Ford GPW(G503) Ford GPA(G504) Willys MC(G740) |
| MD [11] | 72 hp (54 kW) @4000rpm | 114 lbf·ft (155 N·m) @2000rpm | 134 cu in (2.2 L) | G | F-head I4 | M38A1(G758) |
| Tornado [12] | 132 hp (98 kW) @4000 | 198 lbf·ft (268 N·m) @2000rpm | 230 cu in (3.8 L) | gas | ohc I6 | M715(G890) |
Kaiser-Jeep Tornado
(front cutaway)
Willys AO4-53
American Motors AV-108-4
(left rear)
American Motors AV-108-4
(right front)
Willys MB
(front cutaway)
Willys MB
(left side cutaway)
Willys MD
(left front)
Willys MD
(right rear)
Caterpillar
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3116 [13][14][15] | 170 hp (127 kW) 225 hp (168 kW) 290 hp (216 kW) @2600rpm | 430 lbf·ft (583 N·m) @1550rpm . . | 403 cu in (6.6 L) | D | TC I6 | M35A3(G742) M1078(LMTV) M1083(MTV) . |
| C7 | 330 hp (246 kW) @2400rpm | 860 lbf·ft (1,166 N·m) @1400rpm | 439 cu in (7.2 L) | D | TC I6 | 2 1⁄2-5 ton(FMTV) |
| C15 [16] | 515 hp (384 kW) @1800rpm | 1,650 lbf·ft (2,237 N·m) @1200rpm | 928 cu in (15.2 L) | D | TC I6 | M977(HEMTT) M1074/M1075(PLS) |
| C18 [17] | 700 hp (522 kW) @1300rpm | 1,900 lbf·ft (2,576 N·m) @1400 | 1,106 cu in (18.1 L) | D | TC I6 | M1070A1(HET) [18] |
Caterpillar 3116 (left front)
Caterpillar 3116 (right rear)
Caterpillar C15
Chevrolet – GMC
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.2L [19] | 150 hp (112 kW) @3600rpm | 240 lbf·ft (325 N·m) @2000rpm[20] | 379 cu in (6.2 L) | D | V8 | M998(HMMWV) M1008(CUCV) |
| 6.5L [19] | 160 hp (119 kW) @3400 | 290 lbf·ft (393 N·m) @1700rpm[21] | 400 cu in (6.6 L) | D | V8 | M998(HMMWV) |
| 270 [22] | 91 hp (68 kW) @2750rpm | 216 lbf·ft (293 N·m) @1400rpm | 270 cu in (4.4 L) | G | ohv I6 | CCKW(G501) DUKW(G508) |
| 302 [23] | 130 hp (97 kW) @3200rpm | 262 lbf·ft (355 N·m) @1200rpm | 302 cu in (4.9 L) | G | ohv I6 | M135(G749) |
| BV-1001 [24] | 83 hp (62 kW) @3100rpm | 184 lbf·ft (249 N·m) @1000rpm[25] | 235 cu in (3.9 L) | G | ohv I6 | 1 1⁄2ton(G506) |
Chevrolet 6.2/6.5L
GMC 302
(left front)
GMC 302
(right front)
Chevrolet BV-1001
(left side)
Chevrolet BV-1001
(right side)
Continental
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AO42 [lower-alpha 3] | 13 hp (10 kW) @3000rpm | 26 lbf·ft (35 N·m) @2300rpm | 42 cu in (0.7 L) | G | AC O2 | M274 |
| L-142 [26] | 65 hp (48 kW) @4000rpm | 128 lbf·ft (174 N·m) @1800rpm | 141.5 cu in (2.3 L) | G | I4 | M151(G838) |
| LDT465 [27][lower-alpha 3] | 130 hp (97 kW) | 305 lbf·ft (414 N·m) | 478 cu in (7.8 L) | M | TC I6 | M35(G742) M39(G744) M656(G852) |
| R22 [28] | 145 hp (108 kW) @2400rpm | 372 lbf·ft (504 N·m) @1200rpm | 501 cu in (8.2 L) | G | ohv I6 | 10ton(G116) |
| R6602 [29] | 224 hp (167 kW) @2800rpm | 504 lbf·ft (683 N·m) @1200rpm | 602 cu in (9.9 L) | G | ohv I6 | M39(G744) |
Continental L-142
(left rear)
Continental LDT-465
(left front)
Continental LDT-465
(right rear)
Continental R22
(left side)
Continental R22
(right side)
Continental R6602
(left side)
Continental R6602
(right side)
Cummins
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6CTA8.3 | 240 hp (179 kW) @2100rpm | v745 lbf·ft (1,010 N·m) @1500rpm | 504 cu in (8.3 L) | D | TC I6 | M939 |
| NH250 [30] | 240 hp (179 kW) @2100rpm | 685 lbf·ft (929 N·m) @1500rpm | 855 cu in (14.0 L) | D | I6 | M809(G908) M939 |
| V8-300 [31] | 300 hp (224 kW) @3000rpm | 580 lbf·ft (786 N·m) @2100rpm | 785 cu in (12.9 L) | D | V8 | M123/125(G792) |
Cummins 6CTA8.3
(left side)
Cummins 6CTA8.3
(right side)
Cummins NH250
(left front)
Cummins NH250
(right rear)
Cummins V8-300
(left front)
Cummins V8-300
(right rear)
Detroit Diesel
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-53 | 103 hp (77 kW) @2800rpm | 217 lbf·ft (294 N·m) @1500rpm | 159 cu in (2.6 L) | D | SC I3 (2-stroke) | M561(G874) |
| Series 60 [32] | 400 hp (298 kW) @2100rpm | 1,400 lbf·ft (1,898 N·m) @1200rpm | 775 cu in (12.7 L) | D | TC I6 | M915(LET) M916(LET) |
| 8V92TA [33] | 450 hp (336 kW) @2100rpm | 1,330 lbf·ft (1,803 N·m) @1200rpm | 736 cu in (12.1 L) | D | TC V8 (2-stroke) | M911(C-HET) M977(HEMTT) M1070(HET) |
| 12V71 [34] | 600 hp (447 kW) @2500rpm | 1,470 lbf·ft (1,993 N·m) @16000rpm | 852 cu in (14.0 L) | D | SC V12 (2-stroke) | M746(G903) |
Detroit Diesel 8V92TA
Detroit Diesel Series 60 (left front)
Detroit Diesel Series 60 (right rear)
Dodge-Fargo
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T-202 [35] | 79 hp (59 kW) @3000rpm | 201 cu in (3.3 L) | G | L-head I6 | VC(G505) | |
| T-214-245 [36] | 92 hp (69 kW) @3200 | 180 lbf·ft (244 N·m) @1200rpm | 230 cu in (3.8 L) | G | L-head I6 | WC(G505) 3⁄4ton(G502) 1 1⁄2ton(G507) M37(G741) |
| 318 [37] | 150 hp (112 kW) @4000rpm | 230 lbf·ft (312 N·m) @2400rpm | 318 cu in (5.2 L) | G | ohv V8 | M880 |
Dodge T214 (left side)
Dodge T214 (right side)
Dodge 318
Ford
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GTB [38] | 90 hp (67 kW) @3000rpm | 180 lbf·ft (244 N·m) @1200rpm | 226 cu in (3.7 L) | gas | I6 | 1 1⁄2ton(G622) |
Ford GTB (left side)
Ford GTB (right side)
Hall-Scott
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 440 [39] | 240 hp (179 kW) @2000rpm | 810 lbf·ft (1,098 N·m) @1200rpm | 1,090 cu in (17.9 L) | G | ohv I6 | M26(G160) |
Hall-Scott 440 (left side)
Hall-Scott 440 (right side)
Hercules
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DFXE [40] | 185 hp (138 kW) @1600rpm | 665 lbf·ft (902 N·m) @1200rpm | 895 cu in (14.7 L) | D | I6 | M20(G159) |
| HXD [41] | 202 hp (151 kW) @2150rpm | 642 lbf·ft (870 N·m) @900rpm | 855 cu in (14.0 L) | G | L-head I6 | 6ton(G547) |
| JXD [42] | 87 hp (65 kW) @2400rpm | 228 lbf·ft (309 N·m) @1200rpm | 320 cu in (5.2 L) | G | L-head I6 | 2 1⁄2ton(G630) |
| RXC [43] | 131 hp (98 kW) @2200 | 369 lbf·ft (500 N·m) @1000rpm | 529 cu in (8.7 L) | G | L-head I6 | 4ton(G509) (G510) (G513) (G691) 5ton(G511) |
Hercules DFXE (left side)
Hercules DFXE (right side)
Hercules HXD (left front)
Hercules HXD (right front)
Hercules JXD (left side)
Hercules JXD (right side)
Hercules RXC (left side)
Hercules RXC (right side)
International Harvester
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRD-214 [44] | 85 hp (63 kW) @3400rpm | 160 lbf·ft (217 N·m) @1200 | 214 cu in (3.5 L) | G | L-head I6 | 1⁄2ton(M-1-4) |
| GRD-233 [45] | 93 hp (69 kW) @3400 | 181 lbf·ft (245 N·m) @800-1200 | 233 cu in (3.8 L) | G | L-head I6 | 1⁄2ton(M-1-4) 1ton(M-2-4) 1 1⁄2ton(M-3-6) |
| RED-361-B [46] | 111 hp (83 kW) @2650rpm | 282 lbf·ft (382 N·m) @1200 | 361 cu in (5.9 L) | G | L-head I6 | 2 1⁄2ton(G651) |
| RED-450-D [47] | 124 hp (92 kW) @2600rpm | 348 lbf·ft (472 N·m) @800rpm | 451 cu in (7.4 L) | G | ohv I6 | M425/26(G671) |
International RED-450-D
LeRoi
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T-H844 [48] | 297 hp (221 kW) @2600rpm | 725 lbf·ft (983 N·m) @1700rpm | 844 cu in (13.8 L) | G | ohv V8 | M123/25(G792) |
LeRoi T-H844 (left rear)
LeRoi T-H844 (right front)
Mack
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EN532 [49] | 136 hp (101 kW) @2400rpm | 532 cu in (8.7 L) | G | L-head I6 | 5ton(G639) | |
| EY [50] | 159 hp (119 kW) @2100rpm | 530 lbf·ft (719 N·m) @800rpm | 707 cu in (11.6 L) | G | ohv I6 | 6ton(G535) 7 1⁄2ton(G532) |
| ENDT673 [29] | 211 hp (157 kW) @2100rpm | 610 lbf·ft (827 N·m) | 672 cu in (11.0 L) | D | TC I6 | M39(G744) |
Mack ENDT673 (left side)
Mack ENDT673 (right side)
Mack EY
REO
| Model | Power | Torque | Displacement | Fuel | Type | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OA-331 [51][lower-alpha 1] | 146 hp (109 kW) @3400rpm | 330 lbf·ft (447 N·m) | 331 cu in (5.4 L) | G | ohv I6 | M35(G742) |
REO OA331 (left side)
REO OA331 (right side)
Notes
References
- ↑ Crismon, Fred W. (1998). Modern U.S. Military Vehicles. MBI Publishing. p. 9. ISBN 0-7603-0526-9.
- ↑ Crismon (2001), p. 9.
- ↑ TM 9-2800 (1947).
- ↑ Data Sheets (1959). "Standard Military Vehicle". Ordnance Tank Automotive Cmd. Retrieved 30 Oct 2015.
- ↑ TM 43-0001-31 (1985). "Equipment Data Sheets for TACOM Combat and Tactical Equipment". US Dept. of the Army.
- ↑ Doyle, David (2003). Standard catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles. Kraus Publications. ISBN 0-87349-508-X.
- ↑ Ware, Pat (2010). The World Encyclopedia of Military Vehicles. Lorenz Books. ISBN 0-7548-2052-1.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), pp. 54.
- ↑ "TM 9-2320-225-20 Organizational Maint. Manual for Truck, Utility: 1⁄4-ton, 4x4, Lightweight, M422 and 422A1". US Dept of the Army. Jan 1960. p. 48. Retrieved 23 Jan 2016.
- ↑ "TM 9-803 1⁄4-ton 4x4 truck (Willys-Overland Model MB and Ford Model GPW)". US War Dept. 22 Feb 1944. p. 104. Retrieved 11 Jan 2016.
- ↑ "TM 9-804A 1⁄4-ton 4x4 Utility Truck M38A1". US Dept. of the Army. Jul 1952. p. 99.
- ↑ "TM 2320-244-10 Operator's Manual Truck, Cargo, 1 1⁄4 ton, 4x4 M715…(and others)". US Dept. of the Army. Aug 1971. p. para. 1-8. Retrieved 17 Jan 2016.
- ↑ "TM 9-2320-386-24-1-1 Tech. Manual…(ESC) Unit, D.S. and G.S. Maint. Manual for 2 1⁄2-ton, 6x6, M44A3 series trucks (Diesel)". US Dept. of The Army. 1 May 2001. p. 0003 00-7. Retrieved 18 Jan 2016.
- ↑ "TM 9-2320-365-10 Operator's Manual M1078 series…(LMTV)". US Dept. of the Army. Jun 1998. pp. 1–24, 1–25. Retrieved 4 Jan 2016.
- ↑ "TM 9-2320-366-10 Operator's Manual M1083...(MTV)". US Dept. of the Army. Sep 1998. p. 1-42. Retrieved 4 Jan 2016.
- ↑ "TM 9-2320-338-10 Operator's Manual for Truck, Cargo, 8x8, M977A4". US Dept. of The Army. 15 Oct 2008. pp. 0006–3, 0006–4.
- ↑ "TM 9-2320-427-10 Operator's Manual for Truck, Tractor, 8x8, M1070A1". US Dept. of The Army. Jan 2011. p. 0006-3. Retrieved 6 Jan 2016.
- ↑ "Oshkosh Defense HET". Oshkosh Defense. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
- 1 2 "TM 9 2320-280-10 Operator's manual for Truck, Utility, Cargo/Troop Carrier, 1 1⁄4-ton, 4x4, M998…(and others)". US Dept. of the Army. Jan 1996. p. 1-25. Retrieved 8 Jan 2016.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), p. 82.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), p. 87.
- ↑ TM 9-2800 (27 Oct 1947). "Military Vehicles". US Dept. of the Army. p. 273. Retrieved 23 Jan 2016.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), p. 160.
- ↑ "TM 9-805 1 1⁄2 ton 4x4 Truck (Chevrolet)". US War Dept. 30 Dec 1943. Retrieved 8 Jan 2016.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), pp. 98.
- ↑ "TM 9-2320-218-20 Organizational Maint. Manual Truck, Utility, 1⁄4 ton, 4x4 M151…(and others)". US Department of the Army. Sep 1971. p. 4. Retrieved 10 Jan 2016.
- ↑ "TM 9-2320-361-20 Unit Maintenance for 2 1⁄2-ton, 6x6, M44A2 series Trucks". US Dept. of the Army. October 1991. p. 134. Retrieved 13 Jan 2016.
- ↑ "TM 9-796 Heavy Wrecker Truck, M1A1". US War Dept. 1 Mar 1944. p. 147. Retrieved 14 Jan 2016.
- 1 2 Doyle (2003), p. 188.
- ↑ "TM 9-2320-260-20 Technical Manual Unit Maintenance 5-ton, 6x6, M809 series Trucks (Diesel)". US Dept. of the Army. Apr 1995. p. 3-1. Retrieved 21 Jan 2016.
- ↑ "TM 9-2815-213-34 DS and GS Maint. Manual for Engine, Diesel, with accessories Cummins model V8-300". US Dept. of the Army. 26 Nov 1976. p. 1-6. Retrieved 22 Jan 2016.
- ↑ "TM 9-2320-363-10 Operator' Manual for Truck, Tractor, Line Haul, 52,000 GVWR, 6x4, M915A2…(and others)". US Dept of the Army. Dec 1997. p. 1-18. Retrieved 17 Jan 2016.
- ↑ "TM 9-2320-434-10 Operators Manual for Truck,…(LHS), 8x8 M1120". US Dept. of the Army. 15 Jun 2009. p. 0006-4.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), p. 243.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), p. 44.
- ↑ TM 9-2800 (1947), p. 234.
- ↑ "TM 9-2320-266-34 Dir. and Gen. Spt. Maint. Manual Truck, Cargo, 1 1⁄4 ton, 4x4 M880…(and others)". US Department of the Army. Jan 1976. pp. 1–3, 1–4. Retrieved 9 Jan 2016.
- ↑ TM 9-2800 (1947), p. 251.
- ↑ TM 9-2800 (1947), p. 152.
- ↑ TM 9-2800 (1947), p. 150.
- ↑ "TM 9-813 6 ton 6x6 Truck (White, Corbit, and Brockway)". US War Dept. 19 Feb 1944. p. 124-125. Retrieved 30 Aug 2015.
- ↑ TM 9-2800 (1947), p. 266.
- ↑ "TM 9-811 4-ton, 6x6 Trucks (Diamond T Models…)". US War Dept. 25 Jan 1944. p. 134. Retrieved 10 Jan 2016.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), p. 51.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), p. 71.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), p. 127.
- ↑ "TM 9-1812 Ordnance Maint. 5-ton 4x2 Tractor Truck (C.O.E.) IHC Models H-542-9…(and others)". US War Dept. 26 May 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 10 Jan 2016.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), pp. 229.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), p. 174.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), p. 207.
- ↑ Doyle (2003), p. 155.
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