United States H-class submarine

USS H-1
Class overview
Name:	H class
Builders:	Electric Boat (design) Union Iron Works, San Francisco, California (H-1 & H-2) Moran Bros., Seattle, Washington (H-3) Unknown shipyard, Vancouver, BC / Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Washington (H-4 to H-9)
Operators:	United States Navy
Preceded by:	G class
Succeeded by:	K class
Built:	1911–1918
In commission:	1913–1922
Completed:	9
Lost:	1
Retired:	8
General characteristics
Type:	Submarine
Displacement:	358 long tons (364 t) surfaced 467 long tons (474 t) submerged
Length:	150 ft 4 in (45.82 m)
Beam:	15 ft 10 in (4.83 m)
Draft:	12 ft 5 in (3.78 m)
Installed power:	950 hp (710 kW) (diesel engines) 600 hp (450 kW) (electric motors)
Propulsion:	Diesel/electric 2 × NELSECO diesel engines 2 × Electro Dynamic electric motors 2 × 60-cell batteries 2 × shafts
Speed:	14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) surfaced 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph) submerged
Range:	2,300 nmi (4,300 km) at 11 kn (20 km/h; 13 mph) surfaced 100 nmi (190 km) at 5 kn (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) submerged
Test depth:	200 ft (61 m)
Complement:	25 officers and men
Armament:	4 × 18-inch (457 mm) torpedo tubes 8 × torpedoes

The torpedo room of USS H-5 in 1919. The breeches of the four 18-inch (457 mm) torpedo tubes are at center.

The United States H-class submarines were Holland 602 type submarines used by the United States Navy.

The first three submarines of the class were laid down in March–April 1911 as Seawolf, Nautilus and Garfish, and were renamed H-1, H-2 and H-3 while still under construction on 17 November 1911, as part of a forcewide submarine redesignation. They were commissioned in December 1913/January 1914.

In 1915 the Imperial Russian Navy had ordered 17 H-class submarines from the Electric Boat Company, to be built in Canada at a temporary shipyard near Barnet, Vancouver, British Columbia to avoid US neutrality concerns, which had derailed the delivery of ten similar submarines to the British. The shipyard was owned by the British Pacific Construction and Engineering Co. Eleven were delivered, and served as the American Holland-class submarines, but the shipment of the final six was held up pending the outcome of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and the boats were stored in knockdown condition at their construction yard. All six were purchased by the United States Navy on 20 May 1918 and assembled at Puget Sound Navy Yard before being commissioned as H-4 to H-9 in late 1918.

H-1 ran aground and was wrecked off the coast of Mexico on 12 March 1920, while the remaining eight submarines were decommissioned in late 1922, and laid up in the Reserve Fleet. Finally struck from the Navy List in 1930, they were sold for scrap in 1931 and 1933.

Design

These vessels included some features intended to increase underwater speed that were standard on US submarines of this era, including a small sail and a rotating cap over the torpedo tube muzzles. For extended surface runs, the small sail was augmented with a temporary piping-and-canvas structure (see photo). Apparently the "crash dive" concept had not yet been thought of, as this would take considerable time to deploy and dismantle. This remained standard through the N class, commissioned 1917-1918. Experience in World War I showed that this was inadequate in the North Atlantic weather, and earlier submarines serving overseas in that war (E class through L class) had their bridge structures augmented with a "chariot" shield on the front of the bridge. Starting with the N class, built with lessons learned from overseas experience, US submarines had bridges more suited to surfaced operations in rough weather. The streamlined, rotating torpedo tube muzzle cap eliminated the drag that muzzle holes would otherwise cause. In the stowed position, the submarine appears to have no torpedo tubes, as the holes in the cap are covered by the bow stem. This feature remained standard through the K class, after which it was replaced with shutters that were standard through the 1950s.

Boats

• H-1 (SS-28), launched 6 May 1913, commissioned 1 December 1913. Wrecked, 12 March 1920.^[1]
• H-2 (SS-29), launched 4 June 1913, commissioned 1 December 1913. Decommissioned, 23 October 1922, sold for scrap September 1931.^[2]
• H-3 (SS-30), launched 3 July 1913, commissioned 16 January 1914. Decommissioned, 23 October 1922, sold for scrap 14 September 1931.^[3]
• H-4 (SS-147), launched 9 October 1918, commissioned 24 October 1918. Decommissioned, 25 October 1922, sold for scrap 14 September 1931.^[4]
• H-5 (SS-148), launched 24 September 1918, commissioned 30 September 1918. Decommissioned, 20 October 1922, sold for scrap 28 November 1933.^[5]
• H-6 (SS-149), launched 26 August 1918, commissioned 26 August 1918. Decommissioned, 23 October 1922, sold for scrap 28 November 1933.^[6]
• H-7 (SS-150), launched 17 October 1918, commissioned 17 October 1918. Decommissioned, 23 October 1922, sold for scrap 28 November 1933.^[7]
• H-8 (SS-151), launched 14 November 1918, commissioned 18 November 1918. Decommissioned, 17 November 1922, sold for scrap 28 November 1933.^[8]
• H-9 (SS-152), launched 23 November 1918, commissioned 25 November 1918. Decommissioned, 3 November 1922, sold for scrap 28 November 1933.^[9]

See also

• American Holland-class submarine

References

Notes

Sources

• Gardiner, Robert, Conway's all the world's fighting ships 1906-1921 Conway Maritime Press, 1985. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
• Friedman, Norman "US Submarines through 1945: An Illustrated Design History", Naval Institute Press, Annapolis:1995, ISBN 1-55750-263-3.
• Navsource.org early diesel submarines page
• Pigboats.com H-boats page
• The Legend of Electric Boat, by Jeffrey L. Rodengen, 1994 ISBN 0-945903-24-3
• Britain's Clandestine Submarines 1914-1915, by Gaddis Smith, 1964, ISBN 0-208-01504-3.
• The Subterfuge Submarines, by E. C. Fischer jr., in Warship International , 1977 Vol. XIV No.3
• Building Submarines for Russia in Burrard Inlet, by W.Kaye Lamb, in BC Studies No.71 Autumn, 1986

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.

External links

Media related to H class submarines of the United States at Wikimedia Commons

Holland 602 type submarine
Royal Canadian Navy CH class	CH-14 CH-15
Chilean Navy Chilean H class	H1 ⁄ Guacolda H2 ⁄ Tegualda H3 ⁄ Rucumilla H4 ⁄ Guale H5 ⁄ Quidora H6 ⁄ Fresia
Regia Marina Italian H class	H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8
Imperial Russian and  Soviet Navies American Holland class	AG-11 AG-12 AG-13 / AG-16 AG-14 AG-15 AG-21 AG-22 AG-23 AG-24 AG-25 AG-26 AG-27
Royal Navy British H class	H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22 H23 H24 H25 H26 H27 H28 H29 H30 H31 H32 H33 H34 H41 H42 H43 H44 H47 H48 H49 H50 H51 H52
United States Navy United States H class	H-1 H-2 H-3 H-4 H-5 H-6 H-7 H-8 H-9